• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a very important viral disease virus in cattle, domestic and wild ruminants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA from Korean native and beef cattle reared in Busan area from March in 2013 to October in 2014. A total of 1,129 bovine blood samples were collected from 140 farms, 1,111 Korean native cattle of 135 farms and 18 beef cattle of 5 farms. Test for antigen was carried out by ELISA method. In general analysis, the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen were 0.7% (8/1,129) cattle and 5.0% (7/140) farm. In regional analysis, the positive rate of BVDV antigen of farm in Kijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Saha-gu and Dongnae-gu were 1.4% (2/94), 3.6% (5/37), 0% (0/7), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively, and the positive rate of BVDV antigen of cattle were 0.4% (3/770), 1.5% (5/333), 0% (0/24), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively. The positive rate of BVDV antigen according to sex were 0.6% (6/1,085) female cattle and 4.6% (2/44) male cattle. According to the age of cattle, the positive rate of BVDV antigen in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years old were 1.9% (4/215), 0.4% (1/265), 0.9% (2/234) and 1.0% (1/103), respectively, but 4 years (0/198), 6 years (0/55), 7 years (0/24), 8 years (0/14), 9 years (0/10), 10 years (0/7) and 11-15 years (0/3) old were negative, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2022

Among several diseases of calves, diarrhea is the most prevalent disease and has been a major cause of economic loss to the cattle industry. The main etiologic agents of diarrhea in calves are bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, but non-infectious factors including foreign bodies obstruction in the digestive system also focused as the cause of calf diarrhea in the recent days. Because there is still limited information for foreign body-related diarrhea in calves, especially in Hanwoo, the present retrospective study reviewed the medical records for diarrheic calves with foreign body in the digestive system (n=32). The morbidity was determined as 3.03% and more than half of them presented the acidosis, hyponatremia, and azotemia. The mortality in laparotomy-operated calves to remove foreign bodies or in non-operated ones was 28% or 85.7%, respectively, implied the importance of aggressive decision for laparotomy when the foreign bodies were determined in the digestive system in diarrheic calves. During laparotomy, trichobezoars (hair balls) and hays were the main foreign bodies and prevalently placed in the abomasum. In the trials to predict prognosis by several clinical factors, the time for laparotomy over 2 days after first diagnosis, acidosis, and foreign body in the abomasum were highly associated with mortality. Therefore, we believe that prompt surgical procedure (laparotomy) is necessary upon obstruction in the digestive system by foreign bodies is tentatively diagnosed in the diarrheic calf. In addition, when differential diagnosis list is made, foreign body-related diarrhea is necessary to be included in case of diarrheic calf.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1989

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrumconferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native claves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p<0.05). 2. Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 3. Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 4. Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-62
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• 2008

After parturition, woman in childbed's health can grow worse. Because when woman in childbed gives birth, Genital organ can be damaged, and lost a lot of blood, and also consume a lot of physical strengths. So, after parturition, woman in childbed is easy to fall in disease if do not take care in health specially. So after parturition, woman in childbed should be careful in stress, sleep, food etc. This thesis described Postpartum Spasm[痙病], Oppressive Feeling and Dizziness[鬱冒], Constipation[便秘], Abdominal Pain[腹痛], Diarrhea[下利], Annoyance[煩亂] and Vomitting Sickness[嘔逆]. Postpartum Spasm[痙病]'s major symptom is rigided body. This disease corresponds to Tetanus in modem medicine, and bacterial infection is assumed for cause. By Oriental medicine, after parturition, when blood is lacking, if patient takes wind, this disease breaks out. Oppressive Feeling and Dizziness[鬱冒]'s major symptom is dizzy head and gloomy eye. After parturition, when blood is lacking, if patient sweats too much and take cold, this disease breaks out. After parturition, if patient consumes a lot of resins of human body, Constipation[使秘] breaks out. There are four causes to Abdominal pain[腹痛]. First, due to deficiency and cold treats by Danggwisaenggangyangyuktang(當歸牛薑羊肉湯). Second, due to stagnation of Gi(氣) treats by Jisiljakyaksan(枳實芍藥散). Third, due to blood stasis treats by Ha-eohyeoltang(下瘀血湯). Fourth, due to lochiorrhea treats by Daeseunggitang(大承氣湯). After parturition, Annoyance[煩亂] and Vomitting Sickness[嘔逆] due to fever of difficiency treat by Jukpidaehwan(竹皮大丸). After parturition, Febrile diarrhea[熱性下利] treats by Baekduonggagamchoagyotang(白頭翁加甘草阿膠湯). This disease is similar with present Bacillary Dysentery. After parturition, Exteroceptive disease due to taking wind treats by Yangdaltang. Due to wind and fever treats by Jukyeoptang(竹葉湯).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8089-8093
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• 2014

Background: To assess the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal adverse effects in advanced colorectal carcinoma patients treated with four different schedules of FOLFOX. Materials and Methods: Patients (median age 61 years) who underwent surgery were included in the study. All had measureable disease at CT scan, ultrasonography or clinical examination. Toxicity was graded on a scale of 1-5 according to the general grade definition of CTC v2.0. The severity of adverse effects (Grade 3 and 4) assessed in each treatment arm was compared. Results: Differences between the incidence rates of 3 and 4 toxicity and all grades of toxicity for all parameters in GI toxicity were very highly significant (p<0.001). Severe gastrointestinal symptoms of toxicity were noted with FOLFOX7 (oxaliplatin $130mg/m^2$). Grade 3 diarrhea was reported in 25% patients and grade 4 diarrhea in 4% in the FOLFOX7 treatment arm. Grade 2 vomiting was very frequently reported in the FOLFOX4 treatment arm (oxaliplatin $85mg/m^2$). Grade 2 stomatitis was reported in 42% patients treated with mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin $100mg/m^2$). Differences in the incidence rate of nausea, diarrhea and stomatitis among all treatment arms of FOLFOX were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Severe diarrhea is associated with FOLFOX7 treatment. No grade 3 or 4 GI toxicity was reported in patients of the mFOLFOX6 arm.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2003

A disease with severe diarrhea occurred in a herd of one thousand, 1-week-old piglets in Chinju, Korea, and was diagnosed as porcine epidemic diarrhea by the detection of N gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) from small intestines. A PEDV, named as Chinju99, was also isolated from the intestines after two blind-passages in Vero cells supplemented with trypsin (10 ug/ml). and the biological and physicochemical properties of the isolate were characterized. The virion was roughly spherical in shape and had spike peplomers on its outer surface. The virus exhibited cytopathic effects such as rounding degeneration at initiation of infection and syncytia formation later in Vero cells. The virus was labile to 20% ether and 5% chloroform but stable in acid with pH 4-7 at $4^{\circ}C$. The infectivity of the virus was maintained at $50^{\circ}C$ for 180 min, and the buoyant density of the virus in sucrose was 1.180 g/ml. All biological and physicochemical properties of the virus were typical features of coronaviruses.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-77
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is that infant artificial feeding products is used in clonic with the study on characteristic, ingredients and indication of geneal and special modified milks. The result is as follows. 1. The main ingredients of four company products-Maeil , Namyang, Pasteur, Aebout is similar but the functional is different 2. General infant formula is divided into 100days, 5-6months, 12months, 24months and 36months out of consideration for growth and development of infant. 3. The indication and sorts of the special infant formula used at a hospital is as follows. PKU-1, PKU-2 formula is available for phenylketonuria. MPA formula is available for propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidomia. UCD is available for urea cycle disorder Leucine-free formula is available for isovaleric acidemia. Maeil LP is available for hypocalcemia. MCT formula is available for indigestion and malabsorption of fat. BCAA-free formula is available for Maple syrup urine disease. Protein-free formula is available for limit of protein uptake or mixture of peculiar amino acid or higher uptake of mineral, vitamin, calory. Methionine-free formula is available for homocystinuria and hypermethioninemia. Premature infant is available for premature and low birth weight. 4. The special infant formula published in nation is as follows. Maeil soy A, Maeil MF1, Namyang hope doctor and Maeil HA is available for diarrhea. Maeil HA, Maeil HA-21 and Namyang hope allergy is available for hypoallergy. Maeil soy A is available for diarrhea of milk allergy. Maeil MF1 or Namyang hope doctor is available for acute bacterial or viral temporal diarrhea. Maeil HA is available for allergic chronic diarrhea. Maeil HA and Namyang hope allergy as eHP-formula is available for chronic diarrhea for lactose intolerance and milk allergy. Maeil-21 as pHP-formula for neonates with allergy family, allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, asthma except digestive system.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.47-59
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze recent Chinese randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of the retention enema with herbal medicine in pediatric diarrhea. Methods We searched the recent Chinese randomized controlled trials from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) by using key words; '保留灌腸', '小兒', '腹瀉' and '泄瀉' with data range from January $1^{st}$, 2010 to March $2^{nd}$, 2019. Year of the publication, demographic information, disease, intervention, outcome measure, results, adverse events and composition of herbal medicine were analyzed for this study. Results 19 out of 32 studies were selected and analyzed. The most commonly used herbal medicine was Galgeungeumlyeon-tang modification (葛根芩連湯加減), and the most widely used retention enema method was to retain for 15 minutes and administer twice a day for 3 days. In most of the studies, retention enema with herbal medicine in pediatric diarrhea showed significant efficacies. No adverse effects were reported from the studies. Conclusions The results of these studies from China showed that the retention enema with herbal medicine in pediatric diarrhea may be effective and safe.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.248-265
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• 2006

Impulse of ki refers to palpitation around the navel, it is mostly caused by impairment of yang due to erroneous sweating, deficiency of the spleen yang. Behcet's syndrome caused by prolonged damp-heat and pathogenic germs. Its symptoms are characterized by conjunctival congestion, blue canthus and ulceration of the oral cavity, restlessness all the time, etc. It is advisable to follow the therapeutic principles of clearing away heat and drying damp, detoxicating and sterilizing. Lily disease is one of the emotional disease. It caused by yin deficiency of the heart and lung, found in mental depression or convalescence after a critical disease. Its symptoms are characterized by restlessness, reticence, insomnia, failure to walk, poor appetite, a subjective hot or cold, bitter taste and dark urine. It is advisable to follow the therapeutic principle of nourishing yin to clear away heat. Cholera refers to the disease marked by sudden severe vomiting and diarrhea, and colic of the heart and the abdomen. It is mostly caused by deficiency of the ki in the middle-energizer, emotional stress, etc. It is characterized by such symptoms as sudden severe vomiting and diarrhea, restlessness, etc. It is advisable to follow the therapeutic principles of warming yang and removing toxic substances, and strengthening the spleen and stomach. Heat invasion of blood chamber due to affection of the exterior pathogens, pathogenic heat invading the blood in deficiency and fighting with the blood. Its symptoms are marked by fever, feeling of the fullness, etc. There are deficiency of blood, hot blood and stasis of blood. The different therapeutic treatment should be taken according to different types thereof.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 2002

Transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease is a rare but fatal disease reported after open heart surgeries mainly in Asian people. It can be prevented by pretransfusion gamma irradiation of the fresh whole blood. In this presentation, we report a case of transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease following coronary artery bypass surgery in a 61 year-old male patient. Postoperatively the patient was transfused urgently with 2 units of fresh whole blood from his two sons. He was discharged on postoperative 10 day with only symptom of mild diarrhea. Two days after discharge, he was readmitted because of persistent diarrhea, systemic erythema and high fever. On laboratory examinations, he showed findings of failure in liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. Hemodynamically he deteriorated acutely and died of multiple organ failure on 17th postoperative day. This has been our first experience since we started open heart program at our hospital and we changed our policy for the transfusion of the fresh whole blood after this event.