• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2005

Objectives: An outbreak of shigellosis occurred among students and staff of S primary and middle school, Seongju-gun, in 2003. This investigation was carried out to institute an effective counterplan, and study the infection source and transmission of the shigellosis. Methods: The authors conducted a questionnaire survey among 235 students and staff from S preschool, primary and middle school relating to the ingestion of school lunch and the manifestation of symptoms. Also, the author investigated the drinking water, feeding facility and reconstructed cooking process of the food presumed to be the cause of the shigellosis. The diarrhea cases were defined as confirmed cases and those cases who had had diarrhea more than one time, accompanied with symptoms such as fever, vomiting and tenesmus. Results: From rectal swabs 20 people, between June 28 and July 4, 2003, were confirmed with shigellosis. The diarrhea attack rate was 40.0%. Those who had ingested tomatoes and cubed radish kimchi had significantly higher diarrhea attack rates (p<0.05), with the relative risk of tomatoes being 2.69 (95% CI: 0.98-7.42). The major cause of shigellosis was presumed to be from contaminated tomatoes due to cooking with rubber gloves containing holes. Conclusion: The cooks in charge of school lunches must make doubly sure to not only attend to their sanitation, but also to manage the table wear and items used in providing school lunches. The health care authority should introduce higher-leveled criteria for health care among cooks, so that they cannot cook when the have a case of any infectious disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) are an acute viral enteritis. colibacillosis by E coli is a microbial enteritic disease in suckling piglets[1]. These infectious intestinal diarrheal diseases cause severe diarrhea to suckling piglets, so that lead to enormous economical loss in swine-product industries. Ig-Top (AD Biotech, Korea) is a immunomodulator with IgY the specific yolk-antibody for PED, TGE and E. coli and oligosaccharide. The purpose of this study was to investigate protective effects against PED virus, TGE virus E.coli and in suckling piglets by oral administration of the Ig-Top. (omitted)

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

The bovine rotavirus(BRV), bovine coronavirus(BCV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) are main viruses of bovine viral diarrhea disease. These viruses could be rapidly amplified by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). This study was conducted to develop rapid and accurate diagnostic methods of these viral diseases by multiplex RT-PCR. Specific primers were designed based on the sequences reported by Chang KO et. al. (1997) and Schroeder BA, et. al. (1990), RNA were prepared from the cultured viruses, first-stranded DNAs were synthesised by reverse transcriptase. PCR were conducted to amplify specific regions of the viruses by multiplex. Three bands such as 1,062bp for BRV, 458bp for BCV, and 300bp for BVDV were successfully produced by multiplex RT-PCR. In conclusion, this result suggested that these viruses could be diagnosed rapidly and accurately by multiplex RT-PCR.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was aimed at re-assessing the environmental burden of disease attributable to waterrelated diseases using available local data from Korea. Methods: The general methods and the operational definitions for water, sanitation and hygiene applied to the study were based on an environmental burden of disease study conducted by WHO. Eleven water-related diseases were selected. The attributable fraction for diarrhea was calculated by assessing local exposure levels to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene according the scenario-based approach. The attributable fractions for the other ten diseases were derived from the results of the environmental burden of diseases study. The attributable DALYs were measured by using the attributable fractions and local health statistics. Results: The total environmental burden of disease attributable to water, sanitation and hygiene for Korea was 0.9210 DALY per 1000 capitals. Of the total burden of disease, the attributable burden of diarrhea was 0.8863 (96.1%), the attributable burden of malaria and malnutrition was 0.0236 and 0.0063 DALY per 1000 capitals, respectively. There was little burden of disease measured for other diseases. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in re-assessing the environmental burden of disease using available local exposure data and health statistics. Quantitative analysis of the environmental risk factors and a health impact assessment would be helpful to prioritize health policies or interventions in the future.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Oriental treatments on one patient who was diagnosed to Crohn's disease. Methods: One patient was diagnosed as Crohn's disease by physician. We used acupuncture and moxibustion at 曲池(LI11), 天樞(S25), 足三里(ST36), 合谷(LI4) and (GL25), 2 times per week about one month. We analyzed the change symptom by Crohn's disease activity index(Harvey-Bradshaw index) before and after treatment. Results: After treating acupuncture and moxibustion in the case, We found out that the Crohn's disease activity index score was significantly improved after treatment. First the number of liquid or very soft stool was decreased to 2 times a day and the stools became more solid condition. The abdominal pain and use of anti-diarrhea medication score came to none. The well being score set slightly below poor condition. Conclusions: These result suggest acupuncture, moxibustion were effective to Crohn's disease clinical symptom. These could help patient ordinary life by reducing abdominal pain and diarrhea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate the causative agents of diarrhea disease from Korean native calves in Jeonbuk western area. A total of 273 samples were collected in 2019. Analysis of causes of diarrhea shows that BVDV 8.1% (22/273), BRVA 17.6% (48/273), BCV 7.7% (21/273), E. coli 13.6% (37/273), Clostridium 5.1% (14/273), Parasite 1.1% (3/273) and other 46.9% (128/273) were detected. For major virus diseases (according to dietary changes), less 1 month 9.1.% (2/22), 1~3 months 18.2% (4/22), 4~6 months 18.2% (4/22), 7~13 months 36.4% (8/22) and over 13 months 18.2% (4/22) in BVDV, less 1 month 10.4.% (5/48), 1~3 months 60.4% (29/48), 4~6 months 4.2% (2/48), 7~13 months 4.2% (2/48) and over 13 months 20.8% (10/48) in BRVA, and less 1 month 23.8% (5/21), 1~3 months 23.8% (5/21), 4~6 months 23.8% (5/21), 7~13 months 19.0% (4/21) and over 13 months 9.5% (2/21) in BCV could see that the infection of the pathogen changed due to dietary changes. In particular, the infection rate of the BVDV is the highest at 36.4% (8/22) between 7~13 months, which requires the need to build research on the PI's that could have the effect of spreading the disease, different from those of BCV and BRVA. These results are likely to contribute to improving the productivity of raising at Korean native cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2007

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is very important disease in cattle industry with a worldwide distribution. Detection and elimination of persistently infected calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was valuable strategy for BVD eradication because those calves were main source for transmission. We surveyed persistent infection with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole blood and skin. Five hundred thirty nine Korean native calves were tested. Four calves (0.7%) were positive for BVDV antigen for both tests. Those calves remained positive for follow-up by RT-PCR and IHC. Therefore they were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. We confirmed that immunohistochemistry using skin biopsy samples was very useful tool to detect persistently infected calves with BVDV. As far as we know, this would be first report on persistent infection with BVDV in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.635-639
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• 2010

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in Korean indigenous calves with diarrhea in Gyeongbuk province was investigated. Seventy-five cases were identified as BVDV positive in the diarrhea stools. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all our cases were classified as BVDV-2a. Most of the present BVDV-2a cases were isolated from calves showing clinical signs of watery diarrhea. Our observations indicate that not all BVDV-2 infections cause clinically severe disease. This study shows the high incidence of BVDV-2 infection in Gyeongbuk province. Therefore, the results suggest that a vaccine development and immunization strategies are required for the effective control of BVDV infection in the Republic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-174
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• 1991

A field trial of norfloxacin on bovine 206, swine 222 and poultry 205 with respiratory diseases and diarrhea was conducted from Sept 1, 1990 to Jan 30, 1991 in Inchon and Kyonggi-do. The results are as follows. 1. Guinea pigs and rabbits were dosages 10 and 20 times normal. Ten days of observation saw no side effect. 2. Oral treatment on bovine, swine and poultry showed a curing rate of 82.00∼89.06%(Mean 86.00%), compared with 87.27∼96.36%(Mean 92.24%) by Injection. 3. The curing rate was 81.92% by the fourth treatment. 4. The curing rate with and without the use of adjuvant was 80.00∼100% and 83.60∼93. 10%, respectively, for swine, and 81.82∼100% and 82.00∼97.14% for bovine. 5. The curing rate was more dependent on seriousness of illness, environment and time than age. 6. The main disease causing bacteria of bovine respiratory diseases： Haemolytic Sta 27.62%, Haemolytic Str 33.33%, sum of this bacteria is 60.95%, diarrhea: Haemolytic coliform 80.20%, swine respiratory diseases； Haemophilus Spp 20.95%, Haemolytic Sta 72%, Haemolytic Str 21.90%, Sum of these bacteria is 68.57％, diarrhea; Haemolytic coliform 57.26%, poultry respiratory diseases； mycoplasma Spp 29.52%, Haemolytic Sta 13.33％, Sum of this bacteria is 42.85%, diarrhea； Haemolytic coliform 53.00%. 7. The curing rate of norfloxacin by species of strain, the unidentified bacteria on bovine respiratory diseases was the lowest with 77.78％, the others ranged from 84.21％ to 100％ with most of them over 90%. 8. The loss of clinical sign on bovine and swine was the highest when after 2∼4 application. 9. In terms of antibiotic sensitivity test, norfloxacin was the highest with 84.62∼100％ (mean 90.09％) among eight bacterias, only 5 of 15 antibiotics had a sensitivity of over 56.25%, showing a high degree of tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pathogenic Escherichia coli on diarrhea, growth performance, and blood profile of weaned pigs. A total of 48 pigs were used and housed in individual pens of disease containment chambers for 16 d (4 d before and 12 d after the first challenge [d0]). The treatments were with or without the pathogenic E. coli challenge (F-18 E. coli strain; heat-labile, heat-stable, and Shiga-like toxins). Pigs were orally inoculated with a dose of $10^{10}cfu$ E. coli per 3 mL PBS daily for 3 days. The common nursery diet and water were available at all times. The ADG, ADFI, G:F, diarrhea score, ratio of fecal ${\beta}$-hemolytic coliforms from total coliforms (RHT), and blood profile were measured. The pathogenic E. coli reduced (P < 0.05) ADG from d0 to 6 (117 vs. 297 g/d) and from d0 to 12 (377 vs. 238 g/d) compared with the control. Meanwhile, the pathogenic E. coli increased (P < 0.05) diarrhea score (average 3.4 vs. 1.4) and RHT (average 82 vs. 11%) on d3, 6, and 9 and the number of white blood cells (17.59 vs. $13.48{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$) on d6 compared with the control. No differences were found on ADFI and others in the blood profile (total protein and hematocrit). In conclusion, pathogenic E. coli used in this experiment successfully caused mild diarrhea, increased number of white blood cells, and adversely affected growth rate of weaned pigs.