• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2018

Objectives: We aimed to assess the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the Korean version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT). Methods: The Korean version of the Q-CHAT and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 1.5-5 were completed by parents of 24 toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 80 unselected toddlers and preschoolers. Parents of the ASD group also completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores were obtained from medical records. Results: The ASD group scored higher on the Q-CHAT than the unselected group. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Q-CHAT was 0.658, and test-retest reliability was calculated to be 0.836. The estimated area under the curve was 0.793. The total scores of the Q-CHAT in the ASD group demonstrated significant positive correlations with findings regarding pervasive development problems in the CBCL, SCQ, and CARS. A total score of 33.5 may be a useful cutoff point to use when identifying toddlers at risk of ASD. Conclusion: The Korean version of the Q-CHAT has good reliability and validity and can be used as a screening tool in order to identify toddlers and preschool children at risk of ASD.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.36-60
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the occupational personality required for high school graduates and to develop a scale to measure them objectively. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, this study constituted the delphi committee composed of the teacher group and the industrial personnel group. Afterwards, Delphi survey was conducted twice, and it was found that 12 jobs such as sincerity and honesty were related to occupational personality. As a result of the development of the scale based on the previous research and the expert group interview, 12 factors and 116 scales were developed for the pre - occupational personality test tool. In order to verify the validity and reliability of the developed preliminary test tool, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 700 students of vocational high school, and 514 questionnaires were used for final analysis. Parallel analysis was performed to determine the number of factors before exploratory factor analysis. As a result, eight factors were found to be appropriate. As a result of exploratory factor analysis using the 'maximum likelihood method' and 'direct oblimin rotation method', 78 items of 8 factors were found appropriate. However, in order to confirm whether the item reflects the contents of the factors, we conducted a content validity test for the expert group. As a result, feedback was obtained that 19 items were irrelevant or inadequate. Therefore, the validity of the existing job personality test tool and the modified job personality test tool were verified through confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, the fitness of the revised test tool was higher and the fitness level was generally good.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.417-439
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• 2017

The stone columns are increasingly being used as a soil improvement method for supporting a wide variety of structures (such as road embankment, buildings, storage tanks etc.) especially built on soft soil. Soil improvement by the stone column method overcomes the settlement problem and low stability. Nevertheless, stone column in very soft soils may not be functional due to insufficient lateral confinement. The required lateral confinement can be overcome by encasing the stone column with a suitable geosynthetic. Encasement of stone columns with geogrid is one of the ideal forms of improving the performance of stone columns. This paper presents the results of a series of experimental tests and numerical analysis to investigate the behavior of stone columns with and without geogrid encasement in soft clay deposits. A total of six small scale laboratory tests were carried out using circular footing with diameters of 0.05 m and 0.1 m. In addition, a well-known available software program called PLAXIS was used to numerical analysis, which was validated by the experimental tests. After good validation, detailed of parametric studies were performed. Different parameters such as bearing capacity of stone columns with and without geogrid encasement, stiffness of geogrid encasement, depth of encasement from ground level, diameter of stone columns, internal friction angle of crushed stone and lateral bulging of stone columns were analyzed. As a result of this study, stone column method can be used in the improvement of soft ground and clear development in the bearing capacity of the stone column occurs due to geogrid encasement. Moreover, the bearing capacity is effected from the diameter of the stone column, the angle of internal friction, rigidity of the encasement, and depth of encasement. Lateral bulging is minimized by geogrid encasement and effected from geogrid rigidity, depth of encasement and diameter of the stone column.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-34
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• 2016

This introduction is both a statement of a research problem and an account of the first research results for its solution. As more historical databases come online and overlap in coverage, we need to discuss the two main issues that prevent 'big' results from emerging so far. Firstly, historical data are seen by computer science people as unstructured, that is, historical records cannot be easily decomposed into unambiguous fields, like in population (birth and death records) and taxation data. Secondly, machine-learning tools developed for structured data cannot be applied as they are for historical research. We propose a complex network, narrative-driven approach to mining historical databases. In such a time-integrated network obtained by overlaying records from historical databases, the nodes are actors, while thelinks are actions. In the case study that we present (the world as seen from Venice, 1205-1533), the actors are governments, while the actions are limited to war, trade, and treaty to keep the case study tractable. We then identify key periods, key events, and hence key actors, key locations through a time-resolved examination of the actions. This tool allows historians to deal with historical data issues (e.g., source provenance identification, event validation, trade-conflict-diplomacy relationships, etc.). On a higher level, this automatic extraction of key narratives from a historical database allows historians to formulate hypotheses on the courses of history, and also allow them to test these hypotheses in other actions or in additional data sets. Our vision is that this narrative-driven analysis of historical data can lead to the development of multiple scale agent-based models, which can be simulated on a computer to generate ensembles of counterfactual histories that would deepen our understanding of how our actual history developed the way it did. The generation of such narratives, automatically and in a scalable way, will revolutionize the practice of history as a discipline, because historical knowledge, that is the treasure of human experiences (i.e. the heritage of the world), will become what might be inherited by machine learning algorithms and used in smart cities to highlight and explain present ties and illustrate potential future scenarios and visionarios.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

Crop status monitoring and yield prediction at higher spatial resolution is a valuable tool in various decision making processes including agricultural policy making by the national and local governments. A prototype crop forecasting system was developed to project the size of rice crop across geographic areas nationwide, based on daily weather pattern. The system consists of crop models and the input data for 1,455 cultivation zone units (the smallest administrative unit of local government in South Korea called "Myun") making up the coterminous South Korea. CERES-rice, a rice crop growth simulation model, was tuned to have genetic characteristics pertinent to domestic cultivars. Daily maximum/minimum temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation surface on 1km by 1km grid spacing were prepared by a spatial interpolation of 63 point observations from the Korea Meteorological Administration network. Spatial mean weather data were derived for each Myun and transformed to the model input format. Soil characteristics and management information at each Myun were available from the Rural Development Administration. The system was applied to the forecasting of national rice production for the recent 3 years (1997 to 1999). The model was run with the past weather data as of September 15 each year, which is about a month earlier than the actual harvest date. Simulated yields of 1,455 Myuns were grouped into 162 counties by acreage-weighted summation to enable the validation, since the official production statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is on the county basis. Forecast yields were less sensitive to the changes in annual climate than the reported yields and there was a relatively weak correlation between the forecast and the reported yields. However, the projected size of rice crop at each county, which was obtained by multiplication of the mean yield with the acreage, was close to the reported production with the $r^2$ values higher than 0.97 in all three years.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.632-643
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to develop tool to evaluate the core competencies regarding nursing cancer patients on chemotherapy, and to verify the reliability and efficacy of the developed tool. Methods: A tool to evaluate the core competencies was developed from a preliminary tool consisting of 112 items verified by expert groups. The adequacy of the preliminary tool was analyzed and refined to the final evaluation tool containing 76 items in 8 core competencies and 18 specific competencies. The evaluation tool is in the form of a self-report, and each item is evaluated according to a 3-point scale. From September 22 to October 14, 2011, 349 survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the WINSTEPS program that employs the Rasch model. Results: Results indicated that there were no inappropriate items and the items had low levels of difficulty in comparison with the knowledge levels of the study participants. The results of factor analysis yielded 18 factors, and the reliability of the tools was very high with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.97. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used for training and evaluation of core competencies for nursing cancer patients, and for standardizing nursing practices associated with chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Transplantation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.170-176
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• 2017

We need to establish an informative guideline to increase inter-institutional and inter-observer reproducibility of renal transplant diagnosis, and to improve the diagnostic ability of pathologists in Korea. A first nation-wide survey for renal transplant pathology was conducted by Renal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists in 2016, to provide the continued excellence in the transplantation pathology laboratory, and to improve the diagnostic ability for the best treatment of transplant patients. This survey revealed the significant variations in scale, work load and biopsy indications for the renal transplant pathology in various institutions in Korea. The Banff classification were used by all institutions for the diagnosis of renal transplant pathology, but different formats were used: most institutions (70%) used the "2013 Banff classification" while the others were using "2007 Banff classification" (20%) or even older formats. In daily diagnostic practice of the renal allografts, difficulties that pathologists encounter were quite diverse due to different environments they work in. Most respondents agreed that standardized diagnostic practice guidelines, regular education on renal transplant pathology and convenient ways of consultation are further needed. We are currently working toward the enhancement of the expertise of renal pathologists and to increase inter-institutional and inter-observer reproducibility by 1) development of a set of virtual slides of renal allograft biopsies for the training, 2) validation and gathering expert's consensus on the core variables of rejection diagnosis by using virtual slides, and 3) continued education by the developed virtual slide atlas.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study is to develop a Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) with practicality and validity. Methods The data of body shape, temperament and symptoms were collected from 11 nationwide multi-centers in Korean Medical Clinics between Nov. 2009 to Aug. 2012. KS-15 algorithm was developed through Multinomial Logistic Regression and was applied for test group to verify it's classificatory function. Results The weight value of variables of KS-15 were different between male and female. The concordance of KS-15 with the expert in training group was 58.34% (72.8% in Tae-eumin, 54.8% in Soeumin, and 44.1% in Soyangin). The concordance of KS-15 with the expert in test group was 63.1% (63% in Tae-eumin, 83.3% in Soeumin, and 51.9% in Soyangin). Conclusions KS-15 seems to have suitable implement with practicality and validity. Further study is necessary to verify it accuracy and cut-off.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate provide basic data for improving patient safety in nursing homes in Korea by measuring the patient safety culture of nursing homes and understanding its influencing factors. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a descriptive research study using data from development and validation of the Korean patient safety culture scale for nursing homes. A total of 982 cases were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 20 program. Results: For the safety culture of the patient, there was a significant difference based on the size and location of the facility. For the degree of patient safety, age, education, occupation, marital status, and the size of the nursing home were significant factors. Patient safety culture and the degree of patient safety had a positive correlation. The regression model of the degree of patient safety was significant (F=20.73, p<.001) and the explanatory power of the model was 27.4%. Conclusion: The study results indicate that patient safety culture is a factor influencing safety of elders in nursing homes. To improve patient safety for nursing homes in Korea, continuous evaluation and improvement projects need to be done at a national level.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.65-86
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• 2000

From the perspective of relationship marketing, salespeople acts important role by creating values and developing, establishing long-term relationship with customers. This study is designed to suggest validated measure of evaluating retail salespeople in department store setting in an effort to facilitate active future studies. For this purpose, this study investigated attributes of retail salespeople based on series of personal interviews and literature reviews, and validated its measurement via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, this study explored consumers' rating of the importance of attributes related to some selected consumer variables (consumer knowledge, product involvement, and demographic variables). The findings of this study revealed five dimensions of retail salespeople attributes: Service Mind, Sales Efforts, Product Knowledge, Comfortable Impression and Sale Inducing Skill. Customers of department stores put importance of salespeople attributes in this order. Some dimensions of consumer knowledge and product involvement do affect consumers' rating of retail salespeople attributes. Theoretical and managerial implications were suggested based on empirical results.