• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess the quality of childbirth care from the perspective of a mother after delivery. Methods: The instrument was developed from a literature review, interviews, and item validation. Thirty-eight items were compiled for the instrument. The data for validity and reliability testing were collected using a questionnaire survey conducted on 270 women who had undergone normal vaginal delivery in Korea and analyzed with descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability coefficients. Results: The exploratory factor analysis reduced the number of items in the instrument to 28 items that were factored into four subscales: family-centered care, personal care, emotional empowerment, and information provision. With respect to convergence validation, there was positive correlation between this instrument and birth satisfaction scale (r=.34, p<.001). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha =.96). Conclusion: This instrument could be used as a measure of the quality of nursing care for women who have a normal vaginal delivery.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.163-178
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to develop a tool to measure the corporate social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies using ISO26000 and to verify its reliability and validity. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study is the development of a tool for evaluating social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies. For this, as the first stage filer research, 4 experts developed the questions based on ISO26000. And 12 experts (academia, industry) were surveyed by Delphi to evaluate suitability. Finally, the validity and reliability of the development tool were verified for a total of 55 incumbents and related persons. Research Results - For the development of a tool for measuring social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies, based on the standard draft of ISO26000, questions that fit 7 core areas were composed (60 questions). In addition, a Delphi survey was conducted on a panel of 12 experts, and a total of 45 questions were derived. Finally, as a result of an exploratory factor analysis of 55 field experts, 20 items consisting of 6 factors were finally confirmed as a measuring tool for social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies. Research implications or originality - It is significant for the first development of a social responsibility activity scale suitable for the situation of tourism and hotel companies by applying ISO26000. This will raise awareness of the importance of social responsibility activities in the tourism industry environment, and will help tourism companies to develop a positive awareness of social responsibility activities and to prepare effective implementation strategies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.813-823
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to develop and validate a measure to evaluate the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance (K-PIR) in patients with diabetes in Korea. Methods: Items were initially generated from literature reviews and interviews with 19 patients with diabetes. The content validity of the items was evaluated by experts. Participants were 424 patients with diabetes recruited through convenience sampling. A cross-sectional survey was designed for item-analysis, exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency. Results: For the 24 items of the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance, six items were eliminated because of low correlation with the other items. Exploratory factor analysis with 18-item showed that two factors (psycho-cognitive factor and supportive factor) explained 41.8% of the variance, and the factor structure of K-PIR model had a good fit. Internal consistency of K-PIR with 18 items revealed good reliability. Conclusion: The findings show that the K-PIR is reliable for measuring the psychological resistance to insulin therapy for Korean patients with diabetes. However, further study is needed to evaluate the validation because the proportion of variation of K-PIR was low in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.295-310
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• 2015

Objectives : Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood may persist into adulthood. This study included the development and validation process of the Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS), which was developed for screening and monitoring treatment of adults with ADHD. Methods : Preliminary questionnaires of the K-AARS were based on the reviews of previous adult ADHD scales and clinical experiences of the board certified child and adolescent psychiatrists in Korea. For this study, 136 adults (18-50 years old) with inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity symptoms were enrolled as ADHD subjects, and compared with 406 control subjects (18-50 years old) without ADHD symptoms. Construct validity was examined using explorative factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha to obtain internal reliability coefficients. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparison with the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). Results : An explorative factor analysis showed that the K-AARS had 8 factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder, impairment, driving, emotional dysregulation, disorganization). K-AARS was highly reliable in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.77-0.95) and correlation between factors (0.57-0.86). Concurrent validity with the CAARS and discriminant validity were statistically significant. Conclusion : The K-AARS is a valid and reliable measure for assessment of Korean adults with ADHD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.485-493
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• 2017

Rearing knowledge is a significant factor of relevance for rearing practice, and assessment of rearing knowledge and practice is important for infant parents. The author adopted the Child Rearing Knowledge Scale (CRKS) and Child Rearing Practice Scale (CRPS) that were developed and validated by Saramma & Thomas. According to the international linguistic validation process, pilot testing was done based on 20 infant's mothers in one Oketani massage center and one public health center. Descriptive statistic methods and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test were employed to evaluate the level and compare the mean score according to general characteristics of subjects of the tools. Reliability and validity were tested by Cronbach's alpha and Spearman Correlations. The mean age of the subjects was 33.94 (${\pm}2.99$) years and the mean age of babies was 3.35 (${\pm}0.58$) months. The understanding level of the Korean version of the CRKS and CRPS was 1.80 (${\pm}0.65$) and 1.33 (${\pm}0.54$), respectively. In addition, the CRKS and CRPS were relatively easy to use. The mean score of the CRKS was 22.50 (${\pm}4.89$), which was a moderate score, while the mean score of the CRPS was 30.75 (${\pm}2.04$), which was high. The Cronbach's alpha values of the CRPS were as follows: feeding, 0.71; growth and development, 0.64; cleaning and protection 0.68; infant stimulation, 0.77. There was a significant correlation between infant stimulation of the CRPS and growth and development of the CRKS (r=0.530, p=0.016). The CRKS score of medical staff was significantly higher than that of non-medical staff (p=0.04). The CRKS and CRPS are expected to be used in clinical or community care practice as easy-to-use tools that are easy to respond to.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument to measure high school students' systems thinking and to validate the scale. The scale of systems thinking was made up for 5 factors - systems thinking, mental model, shared vision, personal mastery, and team learning through analyses of related literature. Six items per factor were constructed and the scale consisted of a total of 30 items for the pretest. After exploratory factor analysis, the number of total items was reduced to 20 items. For the main test, 280 students were sampled from high school and analyzed valid cases were 260 students. The finding of the exploratory factor analysis indicated 5 factors in the model, and 4 items per single factor. The result of confirmatory factor analysis was generally appropriate and acceptable (5 factor model: $x^2/df$=1.275, TLI=.946, CFI=.959, RMSEA=.033). The reliability for 20 items turned out to be reliable because the Cronbach's alphas were .840 and .604~.723 per each factor. This study should be expanded to various school levels and should be standardized for further research. The subsequent studies regarding diverse learning program development and implementation and the verification on the students' impact within the developed program can be recommended.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2020

As a tiered system of supports, School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) is an evidence-based practice in the educational system of Korea. An important aspect of SWPBS is the ongoing progress monitoring and evaluation of implementation fidelity. This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean Tier 3 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Implementation Fidelity Checklist (KT3-FC). The preliminary KT3-FC consisted of a 37-item, 6-factor checklist. In the first phase of the study, 10 experts reported that the range of content validity of the KT3-FC was adequate. In the second phase of the study, 185 teachers (52 men and 133 women) who implemented SWPBS completed the KT3-FC, Individualized Supports Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and PBS Effectiveness Scale. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor structure, with 20 items, instead of 37 items, consisting of: (a) progress monitoring and evaluation of the individualized supports, (b) provision of supports by aligning and integrating mental health and SWPBS, (c) crisis management planning, (d) problem behavior assessment, and (e) establishment of individualized support team. The internal consistency of the KT3-FC was good (full scale α = .950, sub-factor α = .888 ~ .954). In addition, the KT3-FC showed good convergent validity, having statistically significant correlations with the Individualized Support Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and the PBS Effectiveness Scale. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-factor model of the KT3-FC had some good model fits, indicating that the newly developed fidelity measure could be a reliable and valid tool to assess the implementation of Tier 3 supports in Korean schools. Accordingly, the KT3-FC could contribute to implement SWPBS as an evidence-based behavioral intervention for Korean students.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-284
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• 2021

The present study was conducted to develop and validate a psychological scale that measures individuals' attitude toward unification of Korea (ATU-K). Building on major theoretical perspectives on the structure of attitude and the attitude-behavior link, we specified two sub-components each representing the cognitive and the affective dimension of people's attitude toward unification. In a survey that involved a stratified sample of Korean adults (N = 1,500), we found strong evidence showing the construct validity of the ATU-K scale. We also found evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. In a second survey involving another stratified sample of 1,500 Korean adults, we found the utility of the ATU-K scale in predicting people's intention to engage in unification-oriented behaviors (personal/collective). We also found that the ATU-K scale fares better in predicting the intention vis-a-vis the other measures of unification-related beliefs reported in previous research. We discuss implications of our findings and directions for future research.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2020

This Hydrokinetic energy system is the process of extracting energy from rivers, canals and others sources to generate small scale electrical energy for decentralized usage. This study investigates the application of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment to evaluate the theoretical hydrokinetic energy potentials of selected Rivers (Asa, Awun and Oyun) all in Asa watershed, Kwara state, Nigeria. SWAT was interfaced with an open source GIS system to predict the flow and other hydrological parameters of the sub-basins. The model was calibrated and validated using observed stream flow data. Calibrated flow results were used in conjunction with other parameters to compute the theoretical hydrokinetic energy potentials of the Rivers. Results showed a good correlation between the observed flow and the simulated flow, indicated by ash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and R² of 0.76 and 0.85, respectively for calibration period, and NSE and R² of 0.70 and 0.74, respectively for the validation period. Also, it was observed that highest potential of 154.82 MW was obtained along River Awun while the lowest potential of 41.63 MW was obtained along River Asa. The energy potentials obtained could be harnessed and deployed to the communities around the watershed for their energy needs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring nursing information literacy competency, and then to examine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: The developmental process of the instrument includes construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Its content validity was verified by three experts from nursing and nursing informatics. Its construct, convergent, and discriminant validity was examined in confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, its criterion validity was measured with Pearson's correlation. The tool's reliability was examined by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The participants include 382 nurses from four hospitals and one university hospital. Results: Twenty seven items in total were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis were supported with acceptable model fit, which were named competency for identifying problem, potential sources for information, searching fine information, evaluating information, acquising and managing of information, using information ethically, and integrating new information. The convergent, discriminant and criterion validities were also supported. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was .93. Conclusion: The instrument is valid and reliable to comprehensively assess nurses' information literacy competency, and to provide a basic direction for developing nursing information literacy program.