• Educational Technology International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-67
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to propose an education cooperation model for Human Resources Development (HRD) in Asia-Pacific region in response to environmental changes in business and industry. In order to carry out the model, this study reviewed the key features of human resources in the APEC which is a symbolic regional integration entity in Asia-Pacific region, shaped critical issues related with HRD in this region and then analyzed the trends of education cooperation projects conducted by the APEC in terms of topics, implementation methods and proposing economies of the projects. In result, this study proposed a triangular education cooperation model for HRD consisting of three elements: Voluntary Partnership, Information on Needs and Support for Cooperation. These interconnected and interdependent elements were designed to encourage actors to participate in education cooperative activities with their own willingness, produce and manage research-based information required for sustainable cooperation and support communication and connectivity among actors for effective activities. Also, this study expected that this model would make a commitment to narrowing educational divides, enhancing global-standard skills development, facilitating public and private partnership and organizing the foundation of future education for cultivating creative talents in the era of innovation for APEC members.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-43
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• 2005

Industrial clusters are geographical concentrations of interconnected companies, specialised suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions (for example, universities, standard agencies, and trade associations) that combine to create new products and/or services in specific lines of business. At present, the concept of industrial cluster becomes very popular worldwide, policy makers at national, regional and local levels and business people in both forerunner and latecomer countries are keen to implement the cluster concept as an economic development model. Though understanding of clusters and related promoting policies varies from one place to another, the underlying benefits of clusters from collective learning and knowledge spillovers between participating actors strongly attract the attention of these people. In Thailand, a latecomer country in terms of technological catching up, the cluster concept has been used as a means to rectify weakness and fragmentation of its innovation systems. The present Thai government aspires to apply the concept to promote both high-tech manufacturing clusters, services clusters and community-based clusters at the grass-root level. This paper analyses three very different clusters in terms of technological sophistication and business objectives, i.e., hard disk drive, software and chili paste. It portrays their significant actors, the extent of interaction among them and the evolution of the clusters. Though are very dissimilar, common characteristics attributed to qualified success are found. Main driving forces of the three clusters are cluster intermediaries. Forms of these organizations are different from a government research and technology organization (RTO), an industrial association, to a self-organised community-based organization. However, they perform similar functions of stimulating information and knowledge sharing, and building trust among participating firms/individuals in the clusters. Literature in the cluster studies argues that government policies need to be cluster specific. In this case, the best way to design and implement cluster-specific policies is through working closely with intermediaries and strengthening their institutional especially in linking member firms/individuals to other actors in clusters such as universities, government R&D institutes, and financial institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.679-688
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• 2015

Stability and security of energy resources are one of the most important factors for a national-development. In this research, we analyzed the Republic of Korea's policy making system on energy security and identified the problems from an innovation system perspective. In terms of the actors, they had limitations that ROK's navy do not have enough strategic plan for energy transportation. The links between innovation actors except defense area were relatively good, but links between the military area(navy) and other innovation actors had weak linkage. The infrastructure did't have enough consideration for military force development. For the institution; the role of the military area on energy security was not completely established. Therefore, participation of the defense area(navy) is required to be stated institutionally.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.339-366
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• 2016

National and local governments around the world have been allowing access to administrative data to increase transparency, motivate civic engagement of citizens, and improve collaboration between the public and the government. This study reviews and classifies existing literature on open government data (OGD). To create a structure to organize the existing studies, the researchers devised a framework based on socio-technical theory and summarized the significance of studies along four major points: (1) readiness, (2) implementation, (3) emerging effects, and (4) actors of open data. Studies in OGD have been growing steadily in the recent years because of the rapid development of adoptable technologies that have enabled easier access to government data. Nonetheless, an examination of existing research not only shows a disparity in research and development of OGD across countries in the Open Government partnership program but also reveals pertinent issues that have arisen in different stages of the OGD initiative. The growing number of studies and expanding body of knowledge show the importance of organizing existing literature. This step is timely and significant to map out the current breadth and depth of OGD research. According to existing research, current open governments fall short in encouraging citizen participation and collaborations among citizens and the government. This study pointed out how studies on OGD actors might be the reason as well as the solution to existing findings. This paper aims to provide a framework for organizing OGD studies, present the status of OGD research, and provide recommendations on current gaps that must be addressed.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.181-193
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• 2016

The linkages between agricultural research and extension are important to enhance farmers' competence. The objectives of the study were to explore the linkage between research and extension for the family farm. Data including quantitative and qualitative were obtained from the key actors about the public management regarding linkage which were the method, the topic of the agricultural technology dissemination, and the agricultural research topics. Results show that the main structural problems of the agricultural technology dissemination were technical support services, credit services, and farm planning and infrastructure deficit. Furthermore, as for the topics or content of agricultural technology dissemination, organic agriculture, soil management and conservation, agricultural credit, organizational strengthening, marketing, participatory research, dissemination of technology, equipment, infrastructure and agricultural mechanization were preferred.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2006

In a recognition of regional innovation system approach for a co-development effort of the Cheonan-Asan area, Chungnam, this research conducted a survey from the local leaders of these two cities. The results of the survey show that most local leaders strongly agree with the necessity of co-development efforts, that some suggest a merge of two cities, and that some suggest industrial development programs in the city border. The local leaders expect that public officials should play a major role in co-development of the two cities while local leaders are disappointed with the public officials activities. They also highly expect that civilian leaders (NGOs) and professors should play important roles in this matter. Upon these results, the research suggests to formulate a cooperative regional innovation system for the co-development of the two neighboring cities by three steps.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically investigates the effects of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on the economic activities of private actors in recipient countries. As a proxy for the economic activities of private actors, we utilize the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. The foreign subsidiaries provide a foundation for economic development by creating paying jobs. That is, if ODA has been successfully transferred to foreign subsidiaries, then these foreign subsidiaries should help economic growth and help create a boom in the local market by providing jobs. These jobs eventually lead to the achievement of the primary aims of foreign aid, including poverty reduction. Thus, this study empirically examines the relationship between ODA and the number of jobs created by foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. Design/methodology - This is the first study to examine the effects of the ODA on the job creation of foreign subsidiaries because it has been hard to obtain internal information related to the employment status of foreign subsidiaries. Fortunately, we have a unique panel dataset provided by the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) for 2006 to 2013. In terms of the empirical specification, we use the generalized least squares (GLS) method. The panel GLS estimator allows us to have an efficient estimation that overcomes the limitations of the panel data. It employs assumptions about the heteroscedasticity between the panels and makes an autocorrelation of the error term within each panel. Findings - We find that ODA influences job creation in foreign subsidiaries. In particular, we found that ODA creates more jobs in sales than in managerial or production positions. This study also shows that the effect of the ODA on the foreign subsidiaries' job creation activities depend on the purpose of the ODA. By examining ODA effects on the foreign subsidiaries' economic activities (e.g., job creation), this study fills a gap in the current literature. Originality/value - Existing studies that focus on the ODA effect have either a macroeconomic point or a microeconomic point of view. However, both approaches do not explain how well foreign aid has influenced private economic actors of recipient countries. In essence, previous researchers found it difficult to obtain the necessary data for internal employment status from foreign subsidiaries. However, thanks to the Korea Export-Import Bank, this study shows that ODA indeed influences the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries even after controlling for other factors such as FDI, GDP growth rate, employment rate, household expenditure, mother firms' share, etc. By doing so, we can examine how ODA influences the job creation of foreign subsidiaries, which might help economic development and reduce the amount of poverty in recipient countries.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.385-418
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• 2010

This study aimed to find the way to help participants build capacity in rural development projects, through some case studies and Q-methodology. Decentralization and diffusion of bottom-up approach in rural development projects are the main contextual factors in this study. With the ethos of bottom-up approach in rural development, the human and financial inputs for capacity building increased drastically in the area of rural development policy. Four types of capacity building methods were identified in this study; training, consulting, learning organization, and forum. Theses methods were used more at planning step than implementation step in rural development projects. The government's effort to strengthen leadership in rural areas should be continued. The existing government's training program for capacity building had better include more diverse clients. Actions for capacity building should be centered on the needs of the participants in fields. Especially, organizing learning units is very important. Governments' rural development policy should establish the proper process which can help local actors plan their projects with enough time span.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-34
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• 2016

This introduction is both a statement of a research problem and an account of the first research results for its solution. As more historical databases come online and overlap in coverage, we need to discuss the two main issues that prevent 'big' results from emerging so far. Firstly, historical data are seen by computer science people as unstructured, that is, historical records cannot be easily decomposed into unambiguous fields, like in population (birth and death records) and taxation data. Secondly, machine-learning tools developed for structured data cannot be applied as they are for historical research. We propose a complex network, narrative-driven approach to mining historical databases. In such a time-integrated network obtained by overlaying records from historical databases, the nodes are actors, while thelinks are actions. In the case study that we present (the world as seen from Venice, 1205-1533), the actors are governments, while the actions are limited to war, trade, and treaty to keep the case study tractable. We then identify key periods, key events, and hence key actors, key locations through a time-resolved examination of the actions. This tool allows historians to deal with historical data issues (e.g., source provenance identification, event validation, trade-conflict-diplomacy relationships, etc.). On a higher level, this automatic extraction of key narratives from a historical database allows historians to formulate hypotheses on the courses of history, and also allow them to test these hypotheses in other actions or in additional data sets. Our vision is that this narrative-driven analysis of historical data can lead to the development of multiple scale agent-based models, which can be simulated on a computer to generate ensembles of counterfactual histories that would deepen our understanding of how our actual history developed the way it did. The generation of such narratives, automatically and in a scalable way, will revolutionize the practice of history as a discipline, because historical knowledge, that is the treasure of human experiences (i.e. the heritage of the world), will become what might be inherited by machine learning algorithms and used in smart cities to highlight and explain present ties and illustrate potential future scenarios and visionarios.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.277-291
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the innovation system of a theme park, and to suggest the development strategies of a theme park through looking at Everland in Yongin, Korea. Everland had relatively the strong networks with in-house, customers, and suppliers, while it had the weak networks with competitors and universities. The innovation information network is constructed among in-house innovation actors; while, the level of interactive learning is low. So the innovation barriers exist; namely, the insufficiency of information exchange, the lack of roles of intermediate organizations, and the gap of R&D and practices. The cooperation and trust should be accumulated to overcome the barriers of innovations. Therefore, Everland should strengthen the networks with in-house innovation actors, and diffuse the cooperation and trust outwards. To maximize the synergies, Everland should construct the networks of innovation actors in a region (Regional Innovation System). To construct Regional Innovation System, first, Everland should construct the close and horizontal cooperation relationship with related firms, and intensify the innovation capacity through learning by interacting. Second, Everland should diffuse the principle of win-win through cooperation and competition.