• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2004

New orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) variety named as 'Kordi' was developed by the National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI) in 2003. Five superior clones on selected to develope the new variety of orchardgrass, and polycrossed for synthetic seed production. Synthetic seeds were examined on the agronomic growth characteristics and forage production at Suwon from 1995 to 1998, and regional trials were conducted in Suwon, Pyungchang and Jeju from 2001 to 2003 and Icsan in 2003, respectively. 'Kordi' showed semi-erect growth habit in fall and spring, and long type in length of flag leaf and short in upper internode. Plant height of 'Kordi' was little short compared to that of standard variety, Ambassador, and heading date was delayed about 3 days as 14th May compared to Ambassador. Characters such as winter hardiness. lodging tolerance, regrowth, disease resistance of 'Kordi' were stronger or better than those of Ambassador. 'Kordi' showed $10\%$ higher dry matter yield as 15,174 kg/ha compared to Ambassador. Nutritive value was appeared to be similar in both varieties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 1999

Hypocotyl explants of Medicago saliva cv. Vernal were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators. After six weeks of culture, somatic embryos were formed from calli on MS medium containing $4mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and $0.1mg/{\ell}$ kinetin, or $4mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and $0.5mg/{\ell}$ kinetin. The mature somatic embryos were developed to plantlets when subcultured on MS basal medium. In order to obtain secondary somatic embryogenic calli, cotyledon of regenerated plantlets were cultured on a callus induction medium. Embryogenic calli were formed on MS medium containing $4mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D alone. For induction and development of secondary somatic embryogenesis, the embryogenic calli were transferred to MS basal medium containing either 2,4-D or NAA. Multi-secondary somatic embryogenesis was the most effective on MS basal medium with $0.1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D. The rate of secondary somatic embryo formation of regenerated plants was 18 times higher than that of seed grown plants. The mature secondary somatic embryo were germinated into plantlets on MS basal medium after six weeks of culture.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

Studies of the seed production of Urechis unicinctus were conducted under the laboratory conditions to obtain some information for the U.unicinitus culture. The experiment included developmental studies of the egg development, larval culture, sediment preference and growth of young U.unicinctus. The experiment were conducted from March to August, 2000. The adults of U.unicinctus collected in Namhae-do, Korea. The developments of the fertilized eggs were observed under a light-microscope at intervals of one hour after containing with density of one individual per 1 $m\ell$. The larvae were fed with Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultured at the laboratory. The concentration of the phytoplankton for the feed was 30,000 cells per individual larva. With progress of development, the food concentration was gradually increased, up to 10,000 cells per individual for the young U.unicinctus. Trochophore larvae appeared on the 68 hours after hatching. On the 32 days after hatching, over 50% of fertilized eggs developed into young U.unicinctus. In order to investigate the effect of sediment on the growth and burrowing of U.unicinctus, the young worms were reared in tanks with different grain sizes. The highest value of sediment preference and survival rate of U.unicinctus was shown in the mixture sediment group with below 0.10 mm, 1.01∼12.00 mm, over 3.01 mm and shell. The lowest value in both sediment preference and survival rate of U.unicinctus was observed in 1.0l∼2.00 mm grain size.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1054-1060
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating effects of cattle breed resources and alternative mixed-feeding practices on meat productivity and emission intensities from household farming systems (HFS) in Daklak Province, Vietnam. Methods: Records from Local $Yellow{\time}Red$ Sindhi (Bos indicus; Lai Sind) and 1/2 Limousin, 1/2 Drought Master, and 1/2 Red Angus cattle during the growth (0 to 21 months) and fattening (22 to 25 months) periods were used to better understand variations on meat productivity and enteric methane emissions. Parameters were determined by the ruminant model. Four scenarios were developed: (HFS1) grazing from birth to slaughter on native grasses for approximately 10 h plus 1.5 kg dry matter/d (0.8% live weight [LW]) of a mixture of guinea grass (19%), cassava (43%) powder, cotton (23%) seed, and rice (15%) straw; (HFS2) growth period fed with elephant grass (1% of LW) plus supplementation (1.5% of LW) of rice bran (36%), maize (33%), and cassava (31%) meals; and HFS3 and HFS4 computed elephant grass, but concentrate supplementation reaching 2% and 1% of LW, respectively. Results: Results show that compared to HFS1, emissions ($72.3{\pm}0.96kg\;CH_4/animal/life$; least squares $means{\pm}standard$ error of the mean) were 15%, 6%, and 23% lower (p<0.01) for the HFS2, HFS3, and HFS4, respectively. The predicted methane efficiencies ($CO_2eq$) per kg of LW at slaughter ($4.3{\pm}0.15$), carcass weight ($8.8{\pm}0.25kg$) and kg of edible protein ($44.1{\pm}1.29$) were also lower (p<0.05) in the HFS4. In particular, irrespective of the HSF, feed supply and ratio changes had a more positive impact on emission intensities when crossbred 1/2 Red Angus cattle were fed than in their crossbred counterparts. Conclusion: Modest improvements on feeding practices and integrated modelling frameworks may offer potential trade-offs to respond to climate change in Vietnam.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 1975

1. This study was carried out to select the high yielding and low production cost among grape varieties for the wine production. Thirty-three vareties which have been grown in commercial vineyards was examined in this experiment. 2. Most wine varieties improved in Europe were lower in the content of sugar than in originally developed location. 3. The varieties with larger cluster were Dattier de Saint-Vallier (treated with Ga), Golden Queen, Muscat Bailey A, and Danored. 4. Juice percent to cluster ranges from 60 to 90% and higher juice content varieties were Himrod Seedless. Delaware (Ga), and Fredonia. 5. Most wine varieties have higher per cent of seed and pedicel to cluster and flesh per cent was lower than in table varieties. 6. High yielding varieties were Muscat Bailey A, Danored, and Golden Queen. on the other hand, juice yield was higher in Campbell Early, Danored, Muscat Bailey A, and Golden Queen cultivers. 7. Muscat Bailey A, Alden, Steuben, Campbell Early, S-1000. and S-13053 for red wine, and Dattier(Ga), Golden Queen and low production cost in manufacturing wine.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a high frequency watermelon regeneration system using three breeding lines ('B02', 'B05' and 'D04') of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) which are differed in their fruits in shape, color of pericarp and flesh. The highest frequency of explants with callus was observed by using explants that consist of cotyledon proximal part end in all breeding lines, and the highest rate of callus induction was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'B02' (94%), 3.0 mg/L BAP for 'B05' (95%), 3.0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L IAA for 'D04' (90%). The highest shoot regeneration rates from derived callus were obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'B05' (94%), and then a 'B02' (81%) with a same culture conditions, and the lowest regeneration was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP for 'D04' (56%). Regenerated plants showed the best rates of root formation on MS containing 0.1 mg/L IBA for 'B02' (67%), 0.1 mg/L NAA for 'B05' (87%), 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'D04' (88%). The regenerated plants showed a 100% survival rate in soil condition. The tissue culture and regeneration conditions obtained from this study will be useful for regenerating plants in breeding applications, and will be a useful tool for further genetic transformation studies on watermelons.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.234-240
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify cross compatibility with table grape and pollen characteristics by flower type in Vitis amurensis Rupr. (GW-22, GW-45, GW-56, GW-200, GW-202 and GW-300) collected in Gangwon area. Flower structure, germinability and morphology of pollen, and cross compatibility with table grape were examined. Flowers of GW-22 and GW-56 had an aborted gynoecium and five erect fdaments, and all of them was male. The percentage of pollen germination of GW-22 and GW-56 on the agar medium was 27.6-29.8%. Flowers of GW-45, GW-200, GW-202 and GW-300 had well-developed pistils and five stamens with curled filaments. The percentage of pollen germination of female plant on the agar medium was 0%. Pollen grail)s from GW-22 and GW-56 (male flower) have symmetrically distributed three furrows on their surface and each furrow contains a germ pore at the equatorial level (Tricolporated). GW-45, GW-200, GW202, and GW-300 (Female flower) produced pollen grains with no germinative structures (acolporated). In self-pollina-tion of female flowers, berries of clusters were no berry and no seed. Therefore, flower structure in V. amurensis proved to be that of other dioecious Vitis species. In cross combination of female and male flower of V. amurensis made normal seeds. In cross combination of table grape and V. amurensis of male flower made normal seeds. But, in cross combination of female flower of V. amurensis did not make seeds. Therefore, V. amurensis was cross compatible with vitis spp, and V. amurensis varieties may contribute to breeding studies of Vitis spp.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.454-463
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• 2009

In this study, from January 2006 to February 2009, we observed 107 ice spikes formed in a natural state, and analyzed their environment. We developed an experimental device to reproduce ice spikes in laboratory and successfully made 531 ice spikes. We analyzed the process of the formation and the principle of how those ice spikes grow through videotaped data of the formation in the experiment. In the natural world, when the surface of water and the lower part of a vessel begin to freeze, a vent (breathing hole) develops at the surface where an ice is not frozen; this vent serves as the seed of an ice spike. It is assumed that the volume expansion of ice in the vessel which occurs when water freezes makes the supercooled water go upward through the vent and becomes an ice bar called an ice spike. In the laboratory, however, when distilled water is poured into an ice tray cube and kept in the experimental device for about one and a half hours at a temperature of -12- $-13^{\circ}C$, a thin layer of ice then begins to develop on the surface of the water, the vent is formed, and ice spikes form for about 10-30 minutes. These spikes stop growing when the end becomes clogged. Ice spikes can be described as falling into seven categories of shape, with the apex type topping the list followed by the slant type in the natural state and the vertical type predominating in the laboratory.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

This study was carried to investigate effects of optimum supply strengths of 'Sonneveld' nutrient solution on growth characteristics in container seedling of trees (Pinus densiflora, Torreya nucifera, Quercus acutissina and Fraxinus mandshurica) using developed media with used-rockwool. Flesh weight, height and trunk diameter in container seedling of Torreya nucifera were better in high strengths. In container seed ling of Torreya nucifera, flesh weight more increased in 1.5 and 3.0 strengths and hight and trunk diameter more increased in 1.5 strength than the rest. Flesh weight in container seedling of Quercus acutissina was heaviest in 2.0 strength and was lightest in 1.0 strength. Height and dry weight in 2.0 and 3.0 strengths and trunk diameter and total chlorophyll in 2.0 strength were better than in the rest. Besides photosynthesis rate was more high in 1.5 and 2.0 strengths than in the rest. In container seedling of Fraxinus mandshurica, flesh weight, height and trunk diameter more increased in 0.5 strength and total chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate were good in 0.5 and 2.0 strengths. Most growth characteristics were poor in 3.0 strength.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2003

The seeds of naturally growing Heteropappus hispidus (Thunb.) were treated by nine different doses (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 300, 400 Gy) of gamma rays to investigate their germination rate and to quantity the characteristics of their germinated plants as like as leaf appearance and length, the formation rate of anthocyanin color in stem 30 days after germination, the formation rate of rosette leaf and multi-shoot, the flowering and seed-bearing, and shoot length. The germination rate at least up to 120Gy was not greatly affected but was rapidly decreased at over 160Gy. It seemed that lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of germination was 160Gy. The leaf appearance and growth was also inhibited, but the formation rate of anthocyanin color in the flower stem was enhanced up to 30% with dose. The rosette plants were observed in plants irradiated with higher than 40Gy. Multi-shoots were developed over 80Gy. For a short shoot length and bundle of thin stem, it was considered that they can be selected as the potential pot flower plants, through genetic fixation. In particular, it was suggested that the formation of anthocyanin color in flower stem, rosette and multi-shoot plants induced by the high dose of gamma rays could be utilized as the morphological markers for the mutant selection of Heteropappus hispidus (Thunb.).