• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2000

This study investigated the effect of mixing protease and lipase on detergency. The detergency of protein soiled, oil soiled and protein-oil soiled cloths and the relative hydrolytic activity of enzymes were examined. The protease-lipase added detergent solution was most effective for the removal of protein in protein-oil soiled cloths. This is because the lipase removed the protein that was physically bound to oil as well as the protease removed the protein. The protease added detergent solution was second effective, the lipase added detergent solution was third effective, and the detergent solution without protease and lipase was the least effective. The protease-lipase added detergent solution was also most effective in the oil removal from protein-oil soiled cloths. Unlike in protein removal, however, the protease added detergent solution was more effective in oil removal than the lipase added detergent solution. This is because the removal of oil bound to protein by protease was more effective than the removal of oil by lipase. In soiling-washing cycles, however, the effects of lipase increased, and as a result, the detergency of protease added detergent solution and the lipase added detergent solution became similar.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2001

Assessing soil removal is of interest to the washing machine industry because of government-mandated energy savings and changes in detergent formulation and consumer laundry practices. We designed this study to examine the laundry process from a holistic perspective by integrating factors perceived to be of importance. Our purpose was to assess the impact of selected variables (fabric and soil type, wash temperature and time. detergent amount, and degree of agitation) on soil removal using accelerated laundry conditions. We used the Taguchi method to develop the research design and ANOVA to analyze the data. Although soil removal was affected by fabric type, soil type, type and amount of detergent, degree of agitation, wash time and temperature, and water hardness and volume, wash temperature was the most significant variable.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2012

Cocoa is a popular drink for children and contains healthy polyphenols however; a deep brown stain is left when cocoa is spilled over clothes. The main pigments in cocoa are anthocyanins that change in washing solutions with different alkalinity and metals. The removal and color changes in a cocoa stain after washing with various pH solutions and water hardness were studied. Alkalinity and the water hardness of washing solutions were important factors for the removal of cocoa stains. The removal of cocoa things in washing solutions without detergent was low (and even became negative after removal and darker) in solutions with a pH 9 and above. The cocoa stain was not removed and only the fabric color faded, although the cocoa stained cloth was washed with Korea tap water that has a pH of 7. The cocoa stain removal in detergent solutions was conspicuously higher than for only water. Even in detergent solutions, the cocoa stain removal decreased as water hardness increased. Cocoa stain removal was more effective and the color dimmest when the stained cloth was washed in a solution without the metal cations, and the bleach added with the detergent at a temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ and for longer than 20 minutes. Effective and economical equipment for tap water softening for a washing machine should be developed and used to improve cocoa stain removal.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2002

Changes in laundering habits and the efficacy claims made for oxygen bleach added to detergents necessitate a deeper investigation into the testing of the washing efficacy of detergents and washing process. The effect of the addition of a sodium percarbonate and bleach activator TAED to an enzyme containing detergent on the soil removal and antimicrobial properties were investigated with the measuring of residual H$_2$O$_2$. The addition of sodium percarbonates to enzyme containing detergent lowered the soil removal of EMPA 116 cloth. But sodium percarbonates had greater effects on that of colored stained cloths such as EMPA 115 and artificially soiled with wine and red pepper while they were presoaked at 20$^{\circ}C$ or higher for So minutes or longer. Most of hydrogen peroxide was remained after washing. Over 99.9% of Staphylococcus aureus on the cotton cloth was removed in every washing solutions, but the cloth washed with enzyme containing detergent or detergent with oxygen bleach didn't show the antimicrobial property.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2000

A validation study was conducted to determine the efficacy of solvent/Detergent (S/D) inactivation and Q-Sepharose column chromatographic removal of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the manufacturing of a high purity antihemopilic factor VIII (GreenMono) from human plasma. S/D treatment using the organic solvent, tri (n-butyl) phosphate, and the detergent, Trition X-100, was a robust and effective step in eliminating HIV-1. The HIV-1 titer was reduced from an initial titer of 8.3 log10 TCID50 to undetectable levels within one minute of S/D treatment, HIV-1 was effectively partitioned form factor VIII during Q-Sepharose column chromatography with the log reduction factor of 4.1 . These results strongly assure the safety of GreenMono From HIV.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.985-989
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• 1998

본 연구는 가스크로마토그래피를 이용하여 사과와 고추에 대해 물, 주방용합성세제, 살균소독제 등의 다양한 세척제에 의한 농약의 세척 제거효율을 조사하였다. 농약의 회수율을 높이기 위해 대상 농약별로 상이한 전처리 조건으로 실험하였고 최적의 전처리 조건을 조사하였다. 분리관은 supelco STB-608을 사용했고 검출기로 전자포획검출기(ECD)를 사용했다. 농약제거효율은 알콜소독제>주방용합성세제>물 순서로 높았다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1589-1597
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• 2006

Nowadays, Korean consumers prefer drum-type washing machines to pulsator-type washers. Washing is a complex process involving the interaction of numerous physical and chemical influences. The main factors in the washing operations are the washing chemistry of the detergent along with the mechanical input, the wash temperature, and the time provided by the washing machine. Heavy-duty detergents that are used in drum-type washing machines contain different components from those used in vertical-axis washing machines. The bath ratio and the mechanical actions to which laundry is subjected are different between the drum-type and the vertical-axis washing machines. In this study we examined the effects of wash temperature, wash time, detergent concentration, and revolution speed on the removal of soils from artificially soiled cloths in a drum-type washing machine with heavy-duty commercial detergent. We used multiple regression analyses to find the relative importance of the factors and the optimum washing conditions. The results of these experiments showed that the washing temperature was the most important factor in the effective removal of most soils. This was followed by the washing time, the detergent concentration, and finally the revolution speed. In this study it was found that superfluous amounts of detergent did not sufficiently increase the soil removal rate. Koreans who are used to washing with cold water should increase the wash time to launder more efficiently.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.480-486
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• 1994

상수원으로 유입될 가능성이 있는 몇가지 농약과 중금속 및 계면활성제를 상수처리 과정을 달리하였을 때 효율적인 제거 정도를 알아보기 위하여 상수처리시 많이 사용되는 여러 산화제를 처리하고 응집제 및 수중의 유기물의 농도를 변화시켰을 때 이들 오염물질들의 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. IBP, diazinon과 CNP의 경우에는 $Cl_2$ 처리에 의해 $68{\sim}100%$ 제거되었으며 diazinon은 모든 산화제에 의해 매우 잘 산화되는 것으로 나타났으며 butachlor은 모든 산화제 처리에 의해 $20.3{\sim}26.7%$ 정도로 영향을 적게 받았다. 계면활성제인 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate는 오존처리에 의해 효과적으로 산화 제거되었으나 다른 산화제에 대해서는 매우 안정하였다. 중금속(Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn)의 경우에는 산화제에 대해 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. 수중에 유기물의 농도와 응집제의 투여량을 변화시켰을 때 농약과 계면활성제는 아무런 영향을 받지 않은 반면 중금속의 경우 응집제 투여량이 증가함에 따라 그 제거량이 증가하였으나 수중 유기물의 농도를 증가시켰을 때에는 중금속의 응집제에 의한 제거효율이 감소되었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to research source of soil which is available for non-detergent course, and to develop optimum non-detergent course of washing machine for water soluble soil. The water soluble soil such as grape juice, soy bean paste and soy sauce were easily removed from the fabric but the oil soluble soils such as sesame oil and steak sauce were insurfficiently removed in washing solution without detergent. In the absence of detergent, amount of residual soils increased linearly with increasing number of soiling and washing. To search optimum conditions of washing for non-detergent course, the effect of temperature, washing time and washing method on detergency of soil in non-detergent washing solution was examined. The optimum washing temperature and washing time for non-detergent course were about $40^{\circ}C$, and 7 minutes, respectively. And in the non-detergent washing solution, midterm drain-resupply of water during washing process was good for removal of water soluble soil.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.907-912
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• 1999

본 연구는 유기산염 및 알칼리 원료를 사용해 야채 및 과일등에 잔류되어 있는 농약 및 유성오염의 제거효과를 GC와 세정력 측정장치를 사용해 조사했다. 일반적으로 잔류농약 등의 유성 오염원을 제거하기 위해서는 합성세제, 유기용제 등의 여러 방법이 있지만 본 연구에서는 특별히 식품첨가물 원료만 사용했다. 알칼리 수용액상에서 trisodium citrate를 사용했을때 가장 우수한 결과를 나타냈는데, 기존의 화학 합성세제와 비교했을 때 우수한 농약제거력이 나타났다.