• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2017

Objectives: Stress during adolescence is related to undesirable nutritional intake and negatively affects the growth and development. This study was performed to investigate the relationship among life stress, dietary behaviors and the intake of high-fat containing snacks in male and female high school students in Gyeonggi-do area. Methods: The subjects were 700 high school students (350 males, 350 females) in Gyeonggi-do from July to September 2014 and the survey was performed by using questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary behaviors, high-fat containing snacks intake, and daily life stress. Results: There was a gender difference in health-related life style and dietary behaviors, and the life stress was significantly higher in female students than in male students. For health-related life style, exercise frequency, hours of sleep and conversation time with parents had significantly negative correlations with life stress, while smoking and perceived stress had significantly positive correlations with life stress. For dietary behaviors, the frequency of eating-out had a significantly negative correlation with life stress, while the changes in amount of meal intake under stress had a significantly positive correlation with life stress. The fat intake of 'high-stress group' was significantly higher and high-fat containing snacks consumed by this group consisted of cookies, honey bread and fried foods. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop appropriate programs for the emotional stability and stress relief of adolescents that provide continuous nutrition education focused on proper snack intake, desirable dietary behaviors and nutritional aspects.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.378-386
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• 2015

We investigated the antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of dried type sodium reduced chicken bibimbap using dandelion complex extract powder of AF-343 (DCEP) as a home meal replacement. The DCEP is known to add moisture to the skin and to relieve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The sodium content of the standard sample was 1,190 mg per serving. The sodium was significantly reduced by 30%, resulting in 820 mg of sodium for the reduced-sodium group (p<0.05). The ash contents of the standard sample group with the DCEP showed significantly the highest value at 6.01% in all of the samples as affected by the minerals of the DCEP (p<0.05). Sensory characteristics of savory aroma, savory flavor, cooked vegetable flavor and hardness in all the samples did not show significant differences, implying that addition of DCEP and 30% sodium reduction did not have undesirable effects on those sensory attributes. Furthermore, chicken flavor, which was a bit oily in the standard samples tended to decrease slightly, leaving a desirable savory flavor increased in the reduced sodium groups. In acceptance tests, the samples did not show any significant differences, indicating that the DCEP added sodium-reduced samples may be potentially acceptable to consumers. Total flavonoid contents, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicators of biologically active ingredients such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities significantly increased with the amount of DCEP added (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.544-556
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• 2011

This study investigated how elementary schoolers (n=159, 9~11 years) and middle schoolers (n=176, 13~15 years) perceived maternal parenting style dimensions, both general and child-feeding related, and whether these dimensions are associated with the subject's food behaviors. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in a solution of 10 parenting dimensions (reasonable guidance, affection and involvement, achievement expectation, clear behavioral regulation, criticism and anger, overprotection, psychological punishment, harsh punishment, punish by withdrawal of child's privileges, and lack of punishment) and 8 child-feeding dimensions (portion control, restriction, pressure to eat, monitor, undesirable model, desirable model, discourage unhealthful eating, and encourage healthful eating) with 49 and 43 items, respectively. Three parenting styles, authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative, were extracted via a second factor analysis using the 10 parenting dimensions. The correlation analysis indicated that authoritarian style was positively correlated with 'restriction' and 'undesirable model', while permissive style was negatively correlated with 'encourage healthful eating' in both groups. Authoritative style was strongly associated with all of the child-feeding dimensions except for 'undesirable model'. For food behaviors, the more likely elementary schoolers and middle schoolers perceived their mothers as authoritarian and permissive, respectively, the more unhealthful foods were consumed. The consumption frequency of healthful foods increased as mothers were perceived to be authoritative. More elementary schoolers of authoritative mothers ate meals with parents. Findings suggest that maternal parenting styles and dimensions, child-feeding dimensions, and child's food behaviors are associated. It may be that authoritarian and permissive styles are more detrimental for elementary schoolers and middle schoolers, respectively, whereas authoritative style is beneficial for both groups in terms of subject's food behaviors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 1999

Intensive selection for muscle development and against fat deposition in pigs during the last 50 years has contributed to the increased incidence of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) and pale soft exudative pork (PSE). Genetics, nutrition and management, preslaughter animal handling, stunning, dehairing and carcass chilling influence the incidence and magnitude of the PSE condition. The normal incidence of PSE has been reported to range from 10 to 30%, but in some isolated instances is up to 60%. The elimination of halothane-positive pigs in breeding programs has reduced PSS and PSE. Further improvements in meat quality by terminal sire evaluation and selection can be achieved within halothane-negative populations because around 20% of the variation in meat color and water binding capacity seems to be genetically related. Pre-slaughter handling on the farm, during transit to the packing plant and at the packing plant can greatly influence the meat quality, contributing 10 to 25% of the variation. An effective stunning method, skinning instead of scalding/dehairing and rapid post-slaughter chilling further reduce the incidence of PSE pork. In addition to proper care and handling a carcass-merit based marketing system, that reflected the value differential between desirable and undesirable meat quality in the pricing system for pigs, would provide a great incentive to change pork production systems in order to improve meat quality, thus improving the image and usefulness of pork as food.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.4
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• pp.369-387
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• 1998

The atmosphere of foodservice facility is considered to be the total environment to which customers are exposed. Atmosphere is sometimes described as everything that makes an impression on people. On the other hand, mood is best described as the response of an individual to the various components that make up the atmosphere. Most people experience some type of reaction to the atmosphere that may be desirable or undesirable. If the individual response to the foofservice facility is favorable, the atmosphere has served to put that person into a good mood. In the highly competitive commercial restaurant field, the planning of the atmosphere for new facilities is going to be more important. The coming generation of potential customers is growing up in an environment that associates dining out with more than just good food. This study is characterized by the right atmosphere offerings. Thus, this study discusses the physical components affecting perception of atmosphere. Many of these components will be discussed in detail to show their relationship to the design of dining areas. This study identified the many physical components of atmosphere that can be manipulated and arrive at a combination that will give the desired sensations. With these backgrounds as a guide, this study presented alternatives which should not only provide atmosphere but should reach a satisfactory level of creating atmosphere from a practical standpoint. these is to maximise the perceptual effect, train the employees, and be reflected and be reflected the advertising and public relations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2012

The widespread pursuit of a thin physique may have a detrimental impact on the wellbeing of preadolescents. The influence of body image distortions on the lifestyles, dieting behaviors, and psychological factors was investigated in 631 fifth and sixth grade children in Kyeonggi-do, Korea. Children were classified into three weight groups (underweight, normal, and overweight) and three perception groups (underestimation, normal, and overestimation). Necessary information was obtained by questionnaire, and each subject's weight status was determined by the Rohrer index calculated from the annual measurement records, which were obtained from the school. According to their current weights, 57.4% of children were normal and 32.2% were overweight or obese, 16.6% of the children overestimated their body weight, and 55.2% had an undistorted body image. Overweight children had desirable lifestyles and dietary habits and presented reasonable weight control behaviors. Compared to those without distortion, the overestimated group had greater interest in weight control ($P$ = 0.003) and dissatisfaction with their body weights ($P$ = 0.011), presented unhealthy reasons to lose weight ($P$ = 0.026), and had higher scores for "feeling sad when comparing own body with others" ($P$ = 0.000) and for "easily getting annoyed and tired" ($P$ = 0.037), even though they had similar obesity indices. More subjects from the overestimation group ($P$ = 0.006) chose drama/movies as their favorite TV programs, suggesting a possible role for the media in body image distortion. These findings suggest that body image distortion can lead preadolescents to develop stress about obesity and unhealthy dieting practices, despite similar obesity indices to those without distorted body images. These results emphasize the importance of having an undistorted body image.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.495-506
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary and weight control behaviors and iron deficiency of adolescent girls. The subjects were 216 female middle school students living in urban and rural areas of Inchon. Thin cross- sectional study was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyze by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program(CAN-pro). The mean height, weight. BMI and obesity index for the subjects were 158.2 cm, 51.1kg, 20.4 and -5.3 % in urban students and 155.9 cm, 49.3 kg 21.1 and -8.2% in rural students, respectively. Easting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of the urban students was higher than that of the rural students. The proportion of the overweight group was higher in urban students compared to rural students, However, over 10% of both area students belonged to the low weight group, respectively. Most students of both areas skipped breakfast and the main reason was on appetite and lack of time. Urban students were more concerned with body image. The nutrients which showed a lower mean intake as percentile of RDA were Ca, iron, vit A an Vit B$_2$ and most nutrient intakes of urban students were significantly higher compared to those of rural students. These results indicate that nutrient intakes in the female middle school students were considerably lower than the RDA. Also they had undesirable food habits and lower self-satisfaction with their body image, There were significant differences in the mean MCV, TIBC and serum ferritin between urban and rural area subjects. Mean Hb, Hct, MCH, MCHC and TS, bowaver, were not significantly different. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from urban(11.5%) and rural (8.7%) when judged by Hb to urban(23.1) and rural (23.3%) by serum ferrition. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for good nutrition desirable food habits, weight control, and guidance for iron deficiency in anemic female of adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.178-187
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare dietary habits, weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk and depression among middle school girls who were at various stages of dieting. Methods: Subjects were 391 girls attending a middle school in Kyeonggido, Korea. All the information was gathered by self-administered questionnaires. Eating disorder risk and depression were assessed using EAT-26 and PHQ-9, respectively. Data were compared among 4 groups; no interest in a diet (N=112), had experienced dieting (N=86), on diet currently (N=71), and plan to diet (N=122). Results: A higher number of students currently on diet tended to be unsatisfied with their own weight (p < 0.01), overestimated their weight (p < 0.05), and weighed own body frequently (p < 0.001), compared to those with only experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet, despite similar weights and body mass index. The students who experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet appeared to have several undesirable as well as desirable dietary habits and their risk of eating disorder was significantly more prevalent compared to those without an interest in dieting (p < 0.01), although significantly less prevalent compared to those currently on a diet. Conclusions: We conclude that unnecessary dieting is common among middle school girls and providing proper education with regard to healthy weights is needed to enhance their physical as well as psychological wellbeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.827-832
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• 2007

This study was carried out to develop and characterize a drinking extract of disk abalone to keep the price level and to raise a added value of disk abalone. Fresh raw disk abalone was composed of 29.3% of the shell part, 17.7% of the intestinal part, and 43.9% of the flesh part. and the amount of nutritive substances in the intestinal part were higher those in the flesh part. Arginine was the most abundant amino acid both in raw and drinking extract of disk abalone. Drinking extract prepared with 250 g of the flesh of disk abalone at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours was better in color and overall taste than those made with 150 g or 200 g of the flesh. As the extracting temperature was gradually increased or the extracting period was gradually extended, the extracting effect was slightly improved but the color of the extract turned out to undesirable one. The desirable sea tangle extract could be made when 15 g of sea tangle was extracted in 1 l of water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, and which was accorded well with the color of drinking abalone extract. From these results the best drinking extract of disk abalone can be manufactured with 250 g of the abalone flesh extracted in 1 l of water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

Qualititative changes in water extracts during food waste composting were studied in order to identify parameters that can be used as indicaters of compost maturity. Materials used in this study were food wastes, office paper, newspaper and leaves. Three different compositions of food wastes were used : average composition food waste generated in Korea, a high cereal (carbohydrate) content food waste and a high meat (protein) content food waste. Experimental results indicated that parameters which can be used for compost maturity evaluation were water soluble TOC and water soluble $C_{org}/N_{org}$ ratio. In case of water soluble TOC, it is considered as one of the most desirable parameters, since it showed quite distinct decrease pattern than any other parameters. The $C_{org}/N_{org}$ ratio in the water extracts can also be considered as a appropriate index of the compost maturity since this ratio reached a narrow range (5~6) at the end of composting process regardless of initial raw waste compositions. Water soluble TKN was undesirable parameter as a compost maturity index. The ammonia nitrogen content in water extracts varied considerably during composting process, but finally reached a range of 0.067, 0.085% based on dry compost.