• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2021

The web-based crowdfunding platform provides small-cap companies the opportunity to reduce financial risks and to reliably produce new products through pre-orders. Meanwhile, crowdfunding projects are also helping companies as a channel to test new products before mass production. Despite these advantages, from the point of view of businesses and consumers, it is true that web-based crowdfunding platforms have limitations in the retail environment. For example, the limited social elements of a web-based platform are somewhat in conflict with the basic characteristics of crowdfunding projects - which inevitably demand high social influences for the success. As such, understanding the mechanisms of social factors of crowdfunding platforms from the consumers' perspective is important. Therefore, in this study, we empirically tested the effect of social factors of crowdfunding platform on consumer participation and evaluation. Based on the Social Influence Theory and Social Presence Theory, we developed a conceptual framework where the social group size and social presence of other backers were the independent variables and the purchaser's intention to participate as the dependent variable. In the results, the size of the social group size and the perceived social presence have a significant positive effect on purchaser's participation intent. In addition, the social presence had a greater influence on the purchaser's intention to participate than the size of the sponsor's social group. We believe that our findings contribute to the extant literature by empirically demonstrating the valid effect of social factors of crowdfunding platforms on consumer evaluations.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.387-392
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• 2022

To participate in global carbon neutrality, the Korean government is also planning to carry out zero-energy building certification for all buildings by 2030 through the enforcement decree of the 'Green Building Support Act'. Accordingly, the government is providing various projects related to solar power generation, which are relatively close to life. In particular, roof-mounted photovoltaic power generation systems are attracting attention in terms of using unused space to produce energy without destroying the environment, but low power generation efficiency compared to other photovoltaic power generation facilities is pointed out as a disadvantage. Therefore, in this paper, to solve this problem, we propose an efficient solar panel angle variable system through research on the solar panel structure for single-axial solar tracking, and also consider the application environment of the roof-mounted solar power generation system. Suggests measures to prevent damage and secondary damage. In addition, it is judged that it is possible to control the solar panel based on ICT convergence and configure the accident prediction safety system to link the project-based education program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2021

In Korea, the importance of marine activities is great, and automatic weather observation facilities are operating on land to investigate abnormal weather phenomena caused by industrialization; however, the number of facilities at sea is insufficient. Marine survey ships are operated to establish marine safety information, but there are many places where marine survey ships are difficult to access and operating costs are high. Therefore, a small, unmanned vessel capable of marine surveys must be developed. The sail has a significant impact on the sailing performance, so much research has been conducted. In this study, the camber effect, which is a design variable of the twin curvy sail known to have higher aerodynamic performance than existing airfoil shapes, was investigated. Flow analysis results for five cases with different camber sizes show that the lift coefficient is highest when the camber size is 9%. Curvy twin sails had the highest lift coefficient at an angle of attack of 23° because of the interaction of the port and starboard sails. The port sail had the highest lift coef icient at an angle of attack of 20°, and the starboard sail had the lowest lift coef icient at an angle of attack of 15°. In addition, the curvy twin sail had a higher lift coefficient than NACA 0018 at all angles of attack.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2021

Purpose - Based on literature studies of movie reviews and movie ratings, this study raised two research questions on the contents of online word of mouth and the number of movie screens as mediator variables. Research question 1 wanted to figure out which topics of word groups had a positive or negative impact on movie ratings. Research question 2 tried to identify the role of the number of movie screens between movie ratings and box office outcomes. Design/methodology/approach - Through R program, this study collected about 82,000 movie reviews and movie ratings posted on Naver's movie website to examine the role of online word of mouths and movie screen counts in 10 movies that were considered commercially unsuccessful with fewer than 2 million viewers despite securing about 1,000 movie screens. To confirm research question 1, topic modeling, a text mining technique, was conducted on movie reviews. In addition, this study linked the movie ratings posted on Naver with information of KOBIS by date, to identify the research question 2. Findings - Through topic modeling, 5 topics were identified. Topics found in this study were largely organized into two groups, the content of the movie (topic 1, 2, 3) and the evaluation of the movie (topics 4, 5). When analyzing the relationship between movie reviews and movie ratings with 5 mediators identified in topic modeling to probe research question 1, the topic word groups related to topic 2, 3 and 5 appeared having a negative effect on the netizen's movie ratings. In addition, by connecting two secondary data by date, analysis for research question 2 was implemented. The outcomes showed that the causal relationship between movie ratings and audience numbers was mediated by the number of movie screens. Research implications or Originality - The results suggested that the information presented in text format was harder to quantify than the information provided in scores, but if content information could be digitalized through text mining techniques, it could become variable and be analyzed to identify causality with other variables. The outcomes in research question 2 showed that movie ratings had a direct impact on the number of viewers, but also had indirect effects through changes in the number of movie screens. An interesting point is that the direct effect of movie ratings on the number of viewers is found in most American films released in Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2023

This study was performed to convert NO_x in atmosphere by photochemical reaction utilizing the eco-friendly solar energy. The mortar specimen coated with photocatalyst was fabricated and the photochemical conversion efficiency of NO_x was analyzed. The photocatalyst coated concrete was fabricated by first adding TiO₂ photocatalyst on the bottom of mold first and next adding cement mortar and, then, curing the concrete mortar. The grease was sprayed on the bottom of mold in advance so that the concrete can be demolded easily after curing. The conversion efficiencies of NO_x by photochemical reactions were investigated systematically by changing the process variable conditions of amount of TiO₂ coating, UV-A light intensity, total gas flow rate, relative humidity and initial NO_x concentration. It was confirmed that the photocatalyst coated concrete fabricated in this study could convert NO_x successfully for various process conditions in atmosphere. In future, we believe this research result can be utilized as basic data to design the infrastructure of building, tunnel and road for controlling efficiently the air pollutants such as NO_x, SO_x, and VOCs.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.20-40
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• 2022

Purpose - In recent times, the international trade environment has been changing rapidly, centering on the online market. In the post-COVID-19 era, small and medium-sized trading companies are facing the problem of not being properly provided with overseas market research, market trend analysis, and trade-related information. Cloud-based digital trade is being sought as an alternative to solve these problems; however, there is a lack of research on the intention to switch to digital trade among small and medium-sized trading companies. Therefore, this study empirically analyzes the intention to switch to digital trade based on the migration theory, and through this, attempts to identify each factor that affects the intention to switch to digital trade. Design/methodology - In this study, in order to identify factors influencing intention to switch to digital trade and innovation resistance of small and medium-sized trading companies, through previous research on migration theory and the PPM (Push, Pull, Mooring) model, each variable was selected for the purpose of the study. Based on this, a research model was established for the factors affecting switching to digital trade of small and medium-sized trading companies and empirically analyzed. In addition, considering the differences in the innovation propensity and maturity of information infrastructure of trading companies as the recipients of innovation, this study analyzes the moderating effect of the mooring effect and seeks ways to establish specific strategies according to the degree. Findings - As a result of empirical analysis, the pull effect was found to have the greatest influence on intention to switch to digital trade. However, the pull factor was found to have an effect on user resistance, and it was confirmed that it was a factor simultaneously inducing positive and negative consumption behaviors among users. In addition, it was found that the higher the company's innovation propensity, the higher the pull effect's influence on the intention to switch, and analysis showed that the push effect had no influence. In addition, companies with high information infrastructure maturity were expected to have a relatively high level of intention to switch compared to companies with low information infrastructure maturity, and the difference between the two groups was found not to be statistically significant. Originality/value - This study is a timely study in that it demonstrated the effect on the switching to cloud-based digital trade for small and medium-sized trading companies and that the cloud system related to digital trade is in full swing. There are academic implications in that it revealed that the pull effect is an important factor in the intention to switch to cloud service. Practical implications were presented in that small and medium-sized trading companies suggested ways to increase the value of the cloud system for switching to digital trade and a way to increase the switching ratio by minimizing the mooring effect. In addition, the study argues that active institutional support from the government is needed to activate cloud service.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose - Carbon emission standards are based on the "production-based carbon emissions" generated by the production of goods in the relevant country which were the existing measurement methods. However, can such carbon emissions measurement standards be established international? For example, some of the goods produced in developing countries are produced for the demand of developed countries. The method of measuring carbon emission based on the final demand of a certain country is called "consumption-based carbon emissions." This study compares productionand consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth in ninety-three countries categorized by income level. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the difference between production- and consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth. Also, our model investigated whether the EKC hypothesis in most of the previous studies that had been based on production-based emissions was also established in the consumption-based emission model. Considering the continuous characteristics of CO₂, we utilized the generalized method of moments (GMM), specifically a system GMM econometric technique because CO₂ in the previous period can affect CO₂ in the present period. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The results show that for the consumption-based CO₂ emissions model, CO₂ continuously increases as economic growth increases in the upper-middle income countries. The inverted U-shaped result was found in the case of the production-based model. However, in the lower-income countries, an inverted-U shape in which CO₂ emissions decrease at some point as the economy grows in the production-based model does not appear. On the other hand, in the consumption-based model, an inverted U-shaped result was obtained when estimating with system-GMM. Additionally, the proportion of manufacturing, energy imports, and energy consumption had an effect on both the production- and the consumption-based model regardless of the group's CO₂ emissions. On the basis of such assessments, policymakers need to consider not only production- but also consumption-based options. Originality/value - Previous studies have mainly focused on production-based CO₂ emissions, with most of them revolving around economic growth or the effect of various social and economic factors on CO₂ emissions. However, this study considers the relationship with economic growth using consumption-based emissions as a dependent variable by classifying ninety-three countries by income level.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.241-265
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• 2023

A corporate insolvency prediction model serves as a vital tool for objectively monitoring the financial condition of companies. It enables timely warnings, facilitates responsive actions, and supports the formulation of effective management strategies to mitigate bankruptcy risks and enhance performance. Investors and financial institutions utilize default prediction models to minimize financial losses. As the interest in utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology for corporate insolvency prediction grows, extensive research has been conducted in this domain. However, there is an increasing demand for explainable AI models in corporate insolvency prediction, emphasizing interpretability and reliability. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) technique has gained significant popularity and has demonstrated strong performance in various applications. Nonetheless, it has limitations such as computational cost, processing time, and scalability concerns based on the number of variables. This study introduces a novel approach to variable selection that reduces the number of variables by averaging SHAP values from bootstrapped data subsets instead of using the entire dataset. This technique aims to improve computational efficiency while maintaining excellent predictive performance. To obtain classification results, we aim to train random forest, XGBoost, and C5.0 models using carefully selected variables with high interpretability. The classification accuracy of the ensemble model, generated through soft voting as the goal of high-performance model design, is compared with the individual models. The study leverages data from 1,698 Korean light industrial companies and employs bootstrapping to create distinct data groups. Logistic Regression is employed to calculate SHAP values for each data group, and their averages are computed to derive the final SHAP values. The proposed model enhances interpretability and aims to achieve superior predictive performance.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, the food service franchise market is experiencing rapid growth and competition is intensifying. Therefore, consumer choice has expanded, and reputation management has become important as a strategy for survival of corporations. Based on previous studies, this research proposed the theoretical framework about the structural relationships among reputation, trust(cognitive trust, affective trust), and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined the structural relationship between reputation, trust, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. Based on comprehensive validation procedures across nine food service Franchise firm types, This study found support for a five-dimensional scale with the following dimensions: Customer Orientation, Employer Brand, Reliable and Financially Strong Company, Product and Service Quality, and Social and Environmental Responsibility. In order to verify the research purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 227 food service franchise consumers through online survey. The data was analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, customer orientation, reliable·financially strong company and product·service quality have significant impact on corporate cognitive trust. And employer brand, product/service quality and social·environmental responsibility have significant impact on corporate affective trust. Second, cognitive trust and affective trust have significant impacts on consumer loyalty. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: From the theoretical perspective, this study considers trust as two dimensions such as cognitive and affective, not a single dimension, and identify what dimensions of franchise firms affect consumers' reputation perception and in turn lead cognitive and affective trust, and loyalty. This study also provides several managerial implications. In the franchise market where competition is intensifying, it is very important to analyze the attitudes of consumers in order to gain an advantage in competition with other competitors. In this study, it is meaningful that the study was conducted on consumers who have experience using a restaurant franchise company. Also, reputation is necessary to pay attention to the company because it is an important variable that strengthens with customer through confidence in food service franchise business, and leads loyalty and consumer consumption. Therefore, marketers should develop marketing strategies considering various reputation factors.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2018

Purpose - Consumers have a variety of strategies to find information about restaurants they want to visit. Consumers can search for and use information from a variety of sources before purchasing a product or service. The development of the Internet has made that consumers could access various informations easily. Therefore, this study classified commercial information provided by restaurants, public information shared by other unknown consumers, and personal information shared by customers' personal experiences or friends/family. This study is information sources influence on enjoyment, attitude and visit intention. Research design, data, methodology - In order to verify the research hypothesis, this study created questionnaires for each variable. Hypothesis analysis data were collected through surveys. In order to develop research hypotheses for this study, the scales was developed. The survey was conducted by an online survey company. Among the online panels owned by survey company, those who have visited restaurants through at least one of the 11 sources provided in this study within the last 3 months were surveyed. The survey period was 10 days from March 5 to 14, 2017. A total of 1,500 e-mails and messages were sent back to 301 of them, and 288 were used for analysis except for 13 missing responses. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results - As a result of analysis, commercial and personal information have a positive effect on enjoyment, but general information did not affect enjoyment. In addition, personal information has a positive effect on attitude, but commercial information and general information did not affect attitude. It was found that commercial information influenced attitude by mediation of pleasure, and pleasure had no significant effect on visit intention. Finally, attitude has a significant effect on visit intention. Conclusions - The restaurant needs to provide accurate information through its homepage or brochure. Accurate information that is not exaggerated can save customers's the cost of believing on a restaurant and the cost of searching for other information. The restaurant which provides unfaithful advertisement would be excluded from customer's choice because customers perceive it as a unreliable restaurant. The marketing of restaurant should be carried out through customer-oriented for the visit of customers. And restaurants need to provide optimized services to their first-time customers in order to increase their revisit.