• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2020

Epigenetic events like DNA methylation and histone modification can alter heritable phenotypes. Zinc is required for the activity of various epigenetic enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone demethylases, which possess several zinc binding sites. Thus, the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis can lead to epigenetic alterations. Zinc homeostasis is regulated by Zinc Transporters (ZnTs), Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs), and the zinc storage protein metallothionein (MT). Recent advances revealed that ZIPs modulate epigenetics. ZIP10 deficiency was found to result in reduced HATs, confirming its involvement in histone acetylation for rigid skin barrier formation. ZIP13 deficiency, which is associated with Spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS), increases DNMT activity, leading to dysgenesis of dermis via improper gene expressions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Future molecular studies investigating the involvement of zinc and its transporters in epigenetics are warranted.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.393-396
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• 2005

The cutaneous aspergillosis is one of the most common dermatologic manifestations of disseminated infections associated with the Aspergillus organisms, but the isolated primary cutaneous disease itself can rarely occur in an immunocompetent host. We report a case of the primary cutaneous aspergillosis on the scalp and the neck in a 39-year-old immunocompetent male patient. There was a single purulent ulcer surrounded by the erythematous indurated plaque on the scalp with multiple satellite papules and a multi-lobulated granulomatous plaque with a crust on the neck. Skin biopsy demonstrated a fungus, the Aspergillus, in the deep dermis as the etiologic agent. No evidence of involvement in other organs was found. The patient exhibited no other apparent systemic diseases nor immunologic defects. An elliptical excision and a primary closure was performed, and the adjuvant antifungal treatment, oral itraconazole, was applied to prevent the recurrence by the satellite lesions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2007

This report is to introduce a specific acupuncture methods as a cosmetic treatment. I applied wu-xing(五行) acupuncture technique to 11 patients for smooth out skin wrinkles. There were visual improvement of patients' facial skin. This methods cuts SMAS, stimulates dermis, and helps to recover skin volume and generate new dermal tissue by wound-healing mechanism.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.267-271
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to evaluate wavelength dependence for laser-assisted lipolysis using a mathematical simulation. In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed to simulate light transport in fat and dermal tissue with 3 different laser wavelengths (${\lambda}\;=\;1064\;nm$, 1320 nm, and 1444 nm) that are currently used in clinic settings for laser-assisted lipolysis. The relative rates of heat generation versus penetration depth showed that the greatest amount of heat generation was seen in the tissues at ${\lambda}\;=\;1444\;nm$. This Monte Carlo simulation may help lend insight into the thermal events occurring inside the fat and dermal tissue during laser-assisted lipolysis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2002

To evaluate the skin toxicity of topical cyclohexane application (25mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) was sequentially applied to the rat skin for four days. On the histopathological findings in the light micrographs, neutrophils and engulfed neutrophils are seen, and many cytoplasmic processes were appeared in proliferated layer whereas in the dermis area, increased numbers of fibroblast, accumulation of neutrophil and lipid droplets are demonstrated. On the other hand, applying the cyclohexane to the rat skin led to the remarkable rise of cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity and similar activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content and declined activity of glutathione S-transferase compared with control group. Especially the remarkably decreased activity of aniline hydroxylase (AH) was appeared in skin as little as scarcely determined. Furthermore, the applying the cyclohexane to skin led to the significantly increased activity of hepatic AH and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that oxygen free radical and intermediate metabolite of cyclohexane may be responsible for structural changes in skin by cyclohexane application to rat skin.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 1996

This paper is the study of the diffusion constant in order to calculate the percent oxygenation and percent blood volume using reflectance light within biological tissue. The diffusion constant play major role in percent oxygenation and percent blood volume and varies with the biological material such as hemolyzed blood, whole blood, dermis and epidermis in vivo tissue. The diffusion constant can be modeled to consist of a contribution from bloodless tissue and blood present in tissue. The reflectance light for experimental are red light of 660nm, infrared light of 880nm, green light of 569nm. The correlation between the diffusion constant and biological tissue was analyzed by the intensity of reflectance light at different depth within human limb. The reflectance light was changed in response to physiological changes within biological tissue. The data for diffusion constant were obtained at different depth beneath the surface of the skin and will be utilized to amen the percent oxygenation and percent blood volume.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.76-77
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• 1998

In this paper, the authors have implemented a blood flow simulator and a blood flowmeter probe using self-mixing effect of the laser diode. The purpose of the blood simulator is to simulate microvascular blood flow in tissue. It consists of melinex film (thickness = $125{\mu}m$) which has similar optical characteristics to epidermis and porous polyethylene filter (Vyon, porosity 35%, mean pore size $50{\mu}m$, thickness=1 mm) which has similar optical characteristics to dermis. The blood flowmeter probe consists of laser diode(5 mW, 780 nm wavelength), CD lens(focal lenght 12 mm), current-to-voltage converter, highpass filter, and preamplifier. It doesn't need optical fiber, therefore, implementation of the probe is simpler than conventional probe using optical fiber.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2003

Ultraviolet (UV) is thought to induce erythema, sun-burn, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, photo-aging and sometimes skin tumor. To investigate the photo-protective effects of APB-01 (Amore-Pacific Beauty-01, the mixture of Jaummi-dan and Fujiflavone P10) on UV-induced skin damage, forty of SKH hairless female mice were orally administered with APB-01 or saline fifth a week, and irradiated with UV third a week for up to ten weeks. We examined the relationship between visible changes and skin damage in the dermis and epidermis. In the APB-01 treated group, a better skin and less wrinkles formation were observed when compared to the UV control group. This results demonstrated that oral administration of APB-01 seems to have photo-protective effects on UV-induced skin damage of hairless mice due to an inhibitory effect on collagen breakdown, and the model using hairless mice is very useful to investigate the efficacy of functional beauty foods.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.139-142
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• 2005

Atypical fibroxanthoma(AFX) is a tumor that occurs as a solitary and ulcerative nodule on actinically damaged or radiation damaged skin of the head and neck in the elderly. AFX is a pleomorphic spindle cell neoplasm of the dermis, which is a clinically benign reactive lesion despite of apparently malignant histologic features. We report a case of AFX which developed on the nasal root area of a 23-year-old man. This case is very unusual in terms of site(less sun-damaged area), overlying skin feature(grossly normal skin) and age(too young). This tumor was completely removed with surgical excision and remained free of recurrence for a period of about 1 year follow-up.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 1995

This study was accomplished to investigate the ultrastructure of mucous glands in dorsal skin of frog (Rana catesbeiana) by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The dorsal skin of Rana catesbeiana is composed of epidermis and dermis. The cutaneous mucous glands consist of inner glandular epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells. Glandular epithelial cells are divided into four types by the microscopic ultrastructure; ER-rich cell, round secretory granule-containing cell, foam-like granule mass-containing cell, mitochondria-rich cell. Myoepithelial cell has a long elliptical nucleus and filled with fibrous materials in the cytoplasm. As a result of scanning microscopic observation, the surface of dorsal skin is covered with cutaneous protrusions. The opening sites of the mucous glands are irregularly distributed in dorsal skin.