• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.337-340
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• 1973

The authers have studied the marginal leakage on various filing materials : Composite resin, Polycarboxylate cement, Zinc phosphate cement, Silicate cement and Zinc-oxide eugenol cement, by means of penetration of 2% aquous methylene blue between cavity walls and filing materials at body temperature and at thermal changs in the range of 4~60℃ The results revealed as follows. 1) All the filling materials revealed the penetration of dye between cavity walls and filling materials. 2) Zinc-oxide eugenol cement was the most effective to prevent the dye penetration on the contrary silicate cement cases showed greatest leakage at 37℃ and at temperature changes in range of 4-60℃. 3) The composite resin showed moderate leakage either at 37℃ or at thermal changes 4) Marginal obstructions of polycarboxylate cement were unsatisfactory at 37℃ and at temperature changes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Advancements in bio-ceramic technology has revolutionised endodontic material science by enhancing the treatment outcome for patients. This class of dental materials conciliates excellent biocompatibility with high osseoconductivity that render them ideal for endodontic care. Few recently introduced bio-ceramic materials have shown considerable clinical success over their early generations in terms of good handling characteristics. Calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, Endosequence sealer, and root repair materials, Biodentine and BioAggregate are the new classes of bio-ceramic materials. The aim of this literature review is to present investigations regarding properties and applications of CEM cement in endodontics. A review of the existing literature was performed by using electronic and hand searching methods for CEM cement from January 2006 to December 2013. CEM cement has a different chemical composition from that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) but has similar clinical applications. It combines the biocompatibility of MTA with more efficient characteristics, such as significantly shorter setting time, good handling characteristics, no staining of tooth and effective seal against bacterial leakage.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 2011

PURPOSE. Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns provide the best treatment option for teeth that have a large or defective restoration. More than 20% of teeth with PFM crowns or bridges require non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT). This may be due to the effect of restorative procedures and the possible leakage of bacteria and or their by-products, which leads to the demise of the tooth pulp. Thus, this study was planned to compare the ability of the restorative materials to seal perforated PFM specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study evaluates the ability of amalgam, composite or compomer restorative materials to close perforated PFM specimen's in-vitro. Ninety PFM specimens were constructed using Ni-Cr alloys and feldspathic porcelain, and then they were divided into 3 groups: amalgam (A), composite + Exite adhesive bond (B) and compomer + Syntac adhesive bond (C). All the PFM samples were embedded in an acrylic block to provide complete sealing of the hole from the bottom side. After the aging period, each group was further divided into 3 equal subgroups according to the thermocycling period (one week for 70 cycles, one month for 300 cycles and three months for 900 cycles). Each subgroup was put into containers containing dye (Pelikan INK), one maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ and the other at $55^{\circ}C$, each cycle for 30 sec time. The data obtained was analyzed by SPSS, 2006 using one way ANOVA test and student t-test and significant difference level at (P<.01). RESULTS. The depth of dye penetration was measured at the interfaces of PFM and filling materials using Co-ordinate Vernier Microscope. The lowest levels of the dye penetration for the three groups, as well as subgroups were during the first week. The values of dye leakage had significantly increased by time intervals in subgroups A and C. CONCLUSION. It was seen that amalgam showed higher leakage than composite while compomer showed the lowest level of leakage.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Objectives: To determine the optimal timing for post space preparation of root canals sealed with epoxy resin-based AH Plus sealer in terms of its polymerization and influence on apical leakage. Materials and Methods: The epoxy polymerization of AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey) as a function of time after mixing (8, 24, and 72 hours, and 1 week) was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and microhardness measurements. The change in the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of the material with time was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fifty extracted human single-rooted premolars were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus, and randomly separated into five groups (n = 10) based on post space preparation timing (immediately after root canal obturation and 8, 24, and 72 hours, and 1 week after root canal obturation). The extent of apical leakage (mm) of the five groups was compared using a dye leakage test. Each dataset was statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Continuous epoxy polymerization of the material with time was observed. Although the $T_g$ values of the material gradually increased with time, the specimens presented no clear $T_g$ value at 1 week after mixing. When the post space was prepared 1 week after root canal obturation, the leakage was significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05), among which there was no significant difference in leakage. Conclusions: Poor apical seal was detected when post space preparation was delayed until 1 week after root canal obturation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.333-337
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• 2011

The purpose of this experiment was to examine possibility of microleakage by water, temperature change, and bite force inside the mouth during the period of using light-activated temporary filling materials. 2 kinds of light-activated temporary filling materials were used in order to measure weight and compressive strength and to evaluate microleakage between filling material and cavity wall according to frequency of thermal circulation. First, Light-activated temporary filling material was increased the weight, which was measured according to the period of using. As for the result of comparing between products, the weight of Quicks was indicated to be higher. Second, Compressive strength of Spacer had significant difference depending on period of using. However, significant difference wasn't shown in the compressive strength of Quicks. In Spacer that showed significant difference, the compressive strength increased greatly in the difference of 3 days. Third. As for micro-leakage according to frequency of thermal circulation, the microleakage was indicated to be the highest in the group that carried out 7,000 times. The group with operation of 1,000 times and the group with operation of 3,000 times were indicated the statistically lower micro-leakage than the group with operation of 7,000 times. This study brought about a rise in micro-leakage depending on the passage in the period of using. However, it is obvious fact that micro-leakage increases according to the passage of time after restoration.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.16 no.12 s.115
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• pp.935-940
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of 'Hi-Pol' Enamel Bond system. Using freshly extracted human teeth and 2% acquous methylene blue, the marginal leakage of dye in restorative materials such as 'Hi-Pol' Enamel Bond system, Hi-Pol, Adaptic, Nuva system, Epolite and Amalgam were investigated at 37℃ and under temperature cycling in range of 4℃-60℃. the results as follows; 1. All filling materials showed some degree of marginal penetration by 2% methylene blue dye. 2. 'Hi-Pol' Enamel Bond system revealed the least marginal penetration by 2% methylene blue as Nuva did at 37℃, but under temperature cycling in range of 4℃-60℃ it showed the greatest marginal penetration. 3. Hi-Pol restoration showed a tendency the similar to the other composite restoration. 4. Nuva system had the most effective marginal sealing ability either at 37℃ and under temperature cycling.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between microleakage and screw loosening at different types of implant-abutment connections and/or geometries measuring the torque values before and after the leakage tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three different abutment types (Intenal hex titanium, internal hex zirconium, morse tapered titanium) with different geometries were connected to its own implant fixture. All the abutments were tightened with a standard torque value then the composition was connected to the modified fluid filtration system. After the measurements of leakage removal torque values were re-measured. Kruskal-wallis test was performed for non-parametric and one-way ANOVA was performed for parametric data. The correlation was evaluated using Spearman Correlation Test (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. Significantly higher microleakage was found at the connection of implant-internal hex zirconium abutment. Observed mean torque value loss was also significantly higher than other connection geometries. Spearman tests revealed a significant correlation between microleakage and screw loosening. CONCLUSION. Microleakage may provoke screw loosening. Removing torque values rationally decrease with the increase of microleakage.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.301-306
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• 2019

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a disease characterized by dilation of the trachea and mainstem bronchi. Due to the risk of airway leakage, pulmonary aspiration, and tracheal damage, MKS can be fatal in patients undergoing tracheal intubation. Moreover, MKS may not be diagnosed preoperatively due to its rarity. In this case, a patient undergoing neurosurgery was incidentally diagnosed with MKS during general anesthesia. During anesthesia induction, difficulties in airway management led the anesthesiologist to suspect MKS. Airway leakage was resolved in this case using oropharyngeal gauze packing. Anesthesiologists should be aware of the possibility of MKS and appropriate management of the airways.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2013

In order to explore microleakage in class V cavity based on different kinds of several dentin adhesive and composite resin, 2 kinds of composite resin was restored and exposed after applying 4 kinds of dentin adhesives. Deposited in methylene blue solution for 4 hours and cut in parallel with tooth longitudinal axis. By observing dye penetration level of enamel and dentin margins of each restored resin following conclusion was obtained. 1. In composite resin Filtek Z350XT Universal (3M/ESPE Dental Products, USA) in enamel margin, Easy Bond (3M/ESPE Dental Products) showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Single Bond 2 (3M/ESPE Dental Products), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M/ESPE Dental Products) and Cearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan). In case of Filtek Z350XT Flowable (3M/ESPE Dental Products), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond and Easy Bond. 2. In case of Filtek Z350XT Universal in dentin margin, Easy Bond showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond. In case of Filtek Z350XT Flowable, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Single Bond showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Clearfil SE Bond and Easy Bond. 3. In all the groups excepting S-U group (Single Bond 2+Filtek Z350XT Universal), enamel margin showed more higher microleakage than that of dentin margin. 4. There was a difference between enamel and dentin margin among each group but it was not significant statistically (p>0.05). When summarizing this result, it is considered that composite resin and dentin adhesive could be applied selectively and particularly in case of applying 1-step self-etching dentin adhesive, this method would be advantageous for manipulation convenience and shortening of operation time.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1983

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of varnish application and thermocycling on the marginal leakage. 240 cavities of Class V were prepared on the 120 extracted premolars, and the cavities were filled with amalgam, Heliosit$^{(R)}$, and Hipol$^{(R)}$ after application of Copalite$^{(R)}$ or Duraphat$^{(R)}$. All specimens were immersed in methylene blue solution for 24 hours after thermocycling at $4^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, embedded in acrylic resin, and sectioned with low speed saw into two parts. The sectioned specimens observed with the metallurgical microscope. The following results were obtained: 1. The marginal seal was more effective in the amalgam-filled cavities after application of Copalite$^{(R)}$ threetimes or an application of Duraphat$^{(R)}$ varnish than in those without varnish applications. 2. Of the composite resin-filled cavities, the leakage of the varnish applied cases showed much more than without application. 3. There was no significant difference in the effect of marginal sealing between Copalite$^{(R)}$ and Duraphat$^{(R)}$ applications. 4. There was a significant difference in the degree of the marginal leakage of amalgam-filled cavities between the groups of thermocycling times, but no significant difference in the resin-filled cavities. 5. There was no significant difference in the degree of the marginal leakage between the Heliosit$^{(R)}$ and the Hipol$^{(R)}$ resin-filled cavities.