• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 2007

Purpose: To compare the leakage and scattered radiation from hand-held dental X-ray unit with radiation from fixed dental X-ray unit. Materials and Methods: For evaluation we used one hand-held dental X-ray unit and Oramatic 558 (Trophy Radiologie, France), a fixed dental X-ray unit. Doses were measured with Unfors Multi-O-Meter 512L at the right and left hand levels of X-ray tube head part for the scattered and leakage radiation when human skull DXTTR III was exposed to both dental X-ray units. And for the leakage radiation only, doses were measured at the immediately right, left, superior and posterior side of the tube head part when air was exposed. Exposure parameters of handheld dental X-ray unit were 70 kVp, 3 mA, 0.1 second, and of fixed X-ray unit 70 kVp, 8 mA, 0.45 second. Results: The mean dose at the hand level when human skull DXTTR III was exposed with portable X-ray unit $6.39{\mu}Gy$, and the mean dose with fixed X-ray unit $3.03{\mu}Gy$ (p<0.001). The mean dose at the immediate side of the tube head part when air was exposed with portable X-ray unit was $2.97{\mu}Gy$ and with fixed X-ray unit the mean dose was $0.68{\mu}Gy$ (p<0.01). Conclusions: The leakage and scattered radiation from hand-held dental radiography was greater than from fixed dental radiography.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2023

Nasotracheal intubation is commonly performed under general anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery. For the convenience of surgery, nasal Ring-Adair-Elwyn (RAE) tubes are mainly used. Because the nasal RAE tubes were bent in an "L" shape, the insertion depth was limited. Particularly, it is necessary to accurately determine the appropriate depth of the RAE tubes in children. Several types of nasal RAE tubes are used in the medical market, which vary in material and length. We performed endotracheal intubation using a nasal RAE tube for double-jaw surgery, but air leakage persisted even when the air pressure in the cuff was increased. When checked with a laryngoscope, it was confirmed that the tube was pushed out, and the cuff was caught on the vocal cords, causing air leakage. Since inserting the tube deeply did not solve the problem, replacing it with a nasal RAE tube (Polar^TM, Preformed Tracheal Tube, Smith Medical, Inc., USA) did not cause air leakage; thus, we reported this case.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.4 s.179
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• pp.313-322
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• 1984

This study was designed to observe the marginal leakage of three permanent cements affected by three temporary cements. The temporary cements used in this study were Zinc oxide-eugenol, Non-eugenol, and Calcium hydroxide cements and the permanent cements were Zinc phosphate, Polycarboxylate and Alumina reinforced EBA cements. To measure the dye penetration into permanently cemented zone, the experimental specimens were treated with the temporary cements for a week. An analysis of the data obtained from 120 specimens resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Regardless of the types of the permanent cements used, using Calcium hydroxide cement as temporary cement showed higher marginal leakage than other temporary cements. 2. Using Polycarboxylate cement as permanent cement showed less marginal leakage than other permanent cements. 3. The marginal leakage in zinc phosphate cement was similar to Alumina reinforced EBA cement regardless of the types of the temporary cements.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.445-450
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• 2018

We aim to evaluate safety of radiation by measuring leakage dose and patient(phantom) incident dose of ZEN-PX II dental portable equipment developed by G company. Measurement for leakage dose of equipment is conducted on the top, at the bottom, on the left, on the right and at the back. Dose measurement incident on the subject with the area dosimeter when using the phantom and measurement the leakage dose of equipment when using the phantom are evaluated. Comparing the right with the highest leakage dose as a 0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm and 100 cm dose measurement at the measurement height of 100 cm, 64.2 uR was reduced to 47.3 uR in the senser mode 0.32sec. Even in film mode it was measured at 414.4 uR and about 27% lower at 162.6 uR. As the result of this study, when the irradiation time is 2 sec the right side dose is 290.5 uR and sensor mode is 0.32 sec the right side dose is 64.2 uR.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1988

The study was designed to establish a more nearly quantitative method for assessing the marginal leakage of dental restorations. 27 Class V cavities with $45^{\circ}$ bevel joint were prepared and classified into 2 groups. One group was filled with Scotchbond and silux. The other group was filled with glass ionomer cement, Scotchbond and silux. After finishing, all specimens were subjected manually to 100 thermal cycles at $0^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ water-bath. They were soaked in a samarium nitrate solution for 3 hours, irradiated with flux of $6{\times}10^{12}$ neutrons/$cm^2$/sec for 11 hours, cooled for 200 hours, counted with the HPGE detector and the tracer uptake was determined by comparison with a standard of samarium (10 ${\mu}g$). The following results were obtained. 1. Both of the two groups showed a considerable amounts of marginal leakage. 2. The group filled without glass ionomer cement base showed more marginal leakage than the group filled with glass ionomer cement base. 3. Neutron Activation Analysis produced a good quantitative method to measure the marginal leakage and samarium was appropriate to measure the marginal leakage of resin restorations using neutron activation analysis.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.757-761
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• 1977

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of Hipol composite resin. Using freshly extracted human teeth and 2% acquous methylene blue, the marginal leakage of dye in restorative materials such as Hi-pol, Adaptic, Nuvasystem, Epolite and Amalgam was investigated at 37℃ and under temperature cycling between 4℃ and 60℃. The results were as follows; 1. All the filling materials revealed the penetration of dye between cavity walls and restorations. 2. Hi-pol and Adaptic showed more marginal leakage than other materials and the degree of dye penetration in Hi-pol was similar to that of Adaptic. 3. Nuva system showed the least marginal leakage at 37℃ and under temperature cycling between 4℃ and 60℃. 4. Under temperature cycling, all materials showed a slight increase in marginal leakage except Epolite, which showed the greastest change in leakage.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

Purpose: To test the apical leakage prevention performance of three different materials through protein leakage procedures using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Bradford protein reagent. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, and conventional root canal filling was done. The root was cut 3 mm from the apex, and a cavity was formed. Proroot MTA (MTA), Fuji II LC (GI), Fuji II LC with XP bond (GIA), and Caviton (CA) were used as experimental materials to fill the cavity in a retrograde filling manner. The extent of BSA leakage was then measured with a ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer 24, 48, and 72 hours after filling. Result: After 24 hours, among the 15 teeth of each group, 2 in MTA, 4 in GI, 3 in GIA, and 7 in CA showed leakage. After 48 hours, 3 in MTA, 5 in GI, 5 in GIA, and 10 in CA had leakage and discoloration. After 72 hours, among the 15 teeth of each group, 3 in MTA, 6 in GI, 5 in GIA, and 10 in CA showed leakage. The leakage in the CA group was greater than that in the MTA group at 48 and 72 hours based on Fisher's exact test (P=0.025), and the difference was statistically significant. Similarly, the leakage in the CA group was greater than that in the MTA group over time based on the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate (P=0.011), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Glass ionomer, glass ionomer after adhesive application, and MTA all showed leakage. Caviton showed greater leakage compared to MTA 48 and 72 hours after filling, and the difference was statistically significant; thus suggesting that Caviton is not appropriate as retrograde filling material considering its sealing ability.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to evaluate the degree of the marginal leakage of composite restoration with 3 brands of dental adhesives by means of the dye penetration at the enamel and dentinal margins. 150 cavities of class V were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 75 extracted anterior and premolar teeth, which were devided into 3 groups. The cavities were filled with composite resin, Silar$^{(R)}$ (3M) and Heliosit$^{(R)}$ (Vivadent) after application of the dental adhesives, specifically Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ (3M) which is essentially composed with halophosphorus ester of Bis-GMA, Dentin Adhesit$^{(R)}$ (Vivadent) which is polyurethane resin, and Enamel Bond$^{(R)}$ (3M) which is a product of Bis-GMA with low viscosity at internal surfaces and margins of the cavities. All specimens were immersed in $37^{\circ}C$, 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours after thermocycling at $4^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, embedded in acrylic resin, and sectioned with diamond disk into two parts. The sectioned specimens observed with the light microscope. The following results were obtained: 1. The group filled with Scotchbond$^{(R)}$-Silar$^{(R)}$ the other two groups at the enamel margins. 2. No significant difference in the degree of the marginal leakage had appeared between Dentin Adhesit$^{(R)}$-Heliosit$^{(R)}$ group an d Enamel Bond$^{(R)}$-Silar$^{(R)}$ group at the enamel margins. 3. Severe marginal leakage with penetration of dye to the floor of cavity had appeared from the all three groups and no significant difference in the degree of marginal leakage existed between the three groups at the dentinal margins.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.38 no.3 s.370
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• pp.288-292
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• 2000

Perhaps the most frustrating scenario in dentistry lies in the apparently well-instrumented and well-obturated tooth that, becomes symptomatic after treatment of shows a periapical lesion on recall examination. Conventional root canal treatment demands stringent adherence to asepsis, awareness of canal morphology, and mastery of a variety of clinical techniques. But the risk of endodontic failure does not end with canal obturation. The quality of the coronal restoration may have a greater bearing on the ultimate success of a case than the quality of the root canal treatment itself. This review of the endodontic literature will define coronal leakage, describe its influence on endodontic treatment failures, and make specific recommendations on prevention.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.12 s.199
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of 'vivadent.' Using freshly extracted human teeth and 2% aqueous methylene blue, the marginal leakage of dye in restorative materials such as vivadent with acid etching technique, Durafill with acid etching technique, silar with acid etching technique, Adaptic, and Amalgam were investigated at 37℃ and under temperature cycling in range of 4℃-60℃. The results were as follows; 1. All filling materials showed some degree of marginal penetration by 2% methylene blue dye. 2. Vivadent with acid etching technique revealed effective marginal sealing ability, but under temperature cycling it showed increased marginal leakage. 3. All resins showed greater marginal leakage than amalgam restoration. 4. Vivadent had the most effective marginal sealing ability in experimented resins.