• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the influence exerted by the observer's dental specialization and compare patients' opinion with observers' opinion of the esthetics of maxillary single-tooth implants in the esthetic zone. Methods: Forty-one adult patients, who were treated with a single implant in the esthetic zone, were enrolled in this study. Eight observers (2 periodontists, 2 prosthodontists, 2 orthodontists and 2 senior dental students) applied the pink esthetic score (PES)/white esthetic score (WES) to 41 implant-supported single restorations twice with an interval of 4 weeks. We used a visual analog scale (VAS) to assess the patient's satisfaction with the treatment outcome from an esthetic point of view. Results: In the PES/WES, very good and moderate intraobserver agreements were noted between the first and second rating. The mean total PES/WES was $11.19{\pm}3.59$. The mean PES was $5.17{\pm}2.29$ and mean WES was $6.02{\pm}1.96$. In the total PES/WES, the difference between the groups was not significant. However, in the WES, the difference between the groups was significant and prosthodontists were found to have assigned poorer ratings than the other groups. Periodontists gave higher ratings than prosthodontists and senior dental students. Orthodontists were clearly more critical than the other observers. The statistical analysis revealed statistically significant correlation between patients' esthetic perception and dentists' perception of the anterior tooth. However, the correlation between the total PES/WES and the VAS score for the first premolar was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The PES/WES is an objective tool in rating the esthetics of implant supported single crowns and adjacent soft tissues. Orthodontists were the most critical observers, while periodontists were more generous than other observers. The statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between patients' esthetic perception and dentists' perception of the anterior tooth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.248-252
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• 2011

Purpose: The anterior region is a challenge for most clinicians to achieve optimal esthetics with dental implants. The provisional crown is a key factor in the success of obtaining pink esthetics around restorations with single implants, by soft tissue and inter-proximal papilla shaping. Provisional abutments bring additional costs and make the treatment more expensive. Since one of the aims of the clinician is to reduce costs and find more economic ways to raise patient satisfaction, this paper describes a practical method for chair-side fabrication of non-occlusal loaded provisional crowns used by the authors for several years successfully. Methods: Twenty two patients (9 males, 13 females; mean age, 36,72 years) with one missing anterior tooth were treated by using the presented method. Metal definitive abutments instead of provisional abutments were used and provisional crowns were fabricated on the definitive abutments for all of the patients. The marginal fit was finished on a laboratory analogue and temporarily cemented to the abutments. The marginal adaptation of the crowns was evaluated radiographically. Results: The patients were all satisfied with the final appearance and no complications occurred until the implants were loaded with permanent restorations. Conclusions: The use of the definitive abutments for provisional crowns instead of provisional abutments reduces the costs and the same results can be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

In recent years, perhaps the biggest driver in new material development is the desire to improve crown and bridge esthetics compared to the traditional PFM or all-metal restorations. As such, zirconia, leucite-containing glass ceramic and lithium disilicate glass ceramic have become prominent in the dental practice. Each material type performs differently regarding strength, toughness, ease of machining and the final preparation of the material prior to placement. For example, glass ceramic are typically weaker materials which limits its use to single-unit restorations. On the other hand, zirconia has a high fracture toughness which enables multi-unit restorations. This material requires a long sintering procedure which excludes its use for fast chair side production. Developed hybrid material of CAD/CAM is contained nano ceramic elements. This new material, called a Resin Nano Ceramic is unique in durability and function. The material is not a resin or composite. It is also not a pure ceramic. The material is a mixture of both and consists of ceramic. Like a composite, the material is not brittle and is fracture resistant. Like a glass ceramic, the material has excellent polish retention for lasting esthetics. The material is easily machined chair side or in a dental lab, polishes quickly to an esthetic finish and if necessary, can be useful restoratives.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.640-655
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• 2003

Statement of problem : The beauty has a little different meaning according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to determine the Korean perception of the altered upper anterior dental esthetics including the lack of symmetry, the midline deviation, the gingival exposure, the inclination of incisal plane, the type of incisal plane, and the type of gingival line. Material and Method : 670 subjects were participated in this survey. A questionnaire accompanied by 12 sets of computer-manipulated images using 3D MAX 4.2 software was used to record the ranking of the geometric preference related to the anterior esthetic discrepancies in three or four degrees of alteration. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was determined by a one-way ANOVA and a t-test. Results : The results obtained were as follows: 1) The Korean perception of the anterior dental esthetics according to the subjects' occupation, sex, and age was most affected by occupation. 2) The masked image emphasizing the dentition and lips appeared stranger than the non-masked image at the same alteration. 3) The lack of symmetry, which was expressed as a unilateral discoloration of the tooth, showed incongruity in any teeth of the anterior dentition. The incongruity was more severe as the degree occurred closer to the midline. 4) The deviation of midline was showed more severe strangeness as the degree of deviation increased. However, more than half of the subjects did not perceive a deviation of 5mm. 5) During smiling, the exposure of the upper gingiva showed more severe incongruity as the degree of gingival exposure increased. 77% of the subjects perceived strangeness at the gingival exposure of 4.5mm. 6) The inclination of the incisal plane appeared stranger as the degree of inclination increased. 62% of subjects perceived strangeness at the $7.5^{\circ}$ inclination of the incisal plane. 7) The type of incisal plane showed increasing strangeness in the order of convex/downward, straight/horizontal, and concave/upward. 80% of subjects perceived strangeness at concave/upward. 8) The type of gingival line was showed increasing incongruity in the order of the same, a little above, and a little under the zenith of the lateral incisor to the line joining the zenith of the central incisor and the canine. However, less than half the subjects did not perceive strangeness at any alteration of the gingival line. Conclusion : The Korean perception of the upper anterior dental esthetics was different to the westerner's perception in the some respects.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.1 s.44
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• pp.135-147
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• 1994

Facial esthetics is one of the most important goal of the orthodontic treatment and main concern of many patients. Facial esthetics should be considered in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Prediction of soft tissue profile changes after orthodontic tooth movement should be considered as well. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of orthodontic treatment on lip profile in adult patient. The pre and post treatment cephalometric roentgenograms of 87 female adult with bimaxillary protrusion were used to analyze lip profile change. All subjects were treated with four bicuspids extraction. Obtained results were as follows . 1. Lip thickness changes after incisor retraction showed different patterns according to areas of the lip. The thickness of the red lip area showed 2.78 mm increase in average. In contrast the thickness of the cutaneous area showed 0.65 - 0.7 mm decrease according to the different cutaneous areas. 2. The length of the red lip area decreased(1.3mm) after incisor retraction. 3. The length of the cutaneous lip area increased(2.9mm) after incisor retraction.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.294-303
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether orthodontic treatment experience affects the individual's perception of smile esthetics and to evaluate differences among orthodontically treated laypersons, non-treated laypersons, and dentists by using computerized image alterations. Methods: A photograph of a woman's smile was digitally altered using a software image editing program. The alterations involved gingival margin height, crown width and length, incisal plane canting, and dental midline of the maxillary anterior teeth. Three groups of raters (orthodontically treated laypersons, non-treated laypersons, and dentists) evaluated the original and altered images using a visual analog scale. Results: The threshold for detecting changes in maxillary central incisor gingival margin height among laypersons was 1.5 mm; the threshold of dentists, who were more perceptive, was 1.0 mm. For maxillary lateral incisor crown width and height, the threshold of all three groups was 3.0 mm. Canting of the incisal plane was perceived when the canting was 3.0 mm among non-treated laypersons, 2.0 mm among treated laypersons, and 1.0 mm among dentists. Non-treated laypersons could not perceive dental midline shifts; however, treated laypersons and dentists perceived them when the shift was ${\geq}3.0mm$. Conclusions: Laypersons with and without orthodontic treatment experience and dentists have different perceptions of smile esthetics. Orthodontically treated laypersons were more critical than non-treated laypersons regarding incisal plane canting and dental midline shifts. Based on these findings, it is suggested that orthodontic treatment experience improved the esthetic perceptions of laypersons.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.40 no.2 s.393
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 2012

Purpose: Soft tissue recessions frequently cause esthetic disharmony and dissatisfaction. Compared with soft tissue coverage around a tooth, the coverage of an implant site is obviously unpredictable. Particularly in the cases of thin mucosa, a significant greater amount of recession takes place compared to thick mucosa. To overcome this problem, this case report demonstrates a two-step mucosal dehiscence coverage technique for an endosseous implant. Methods: A 33-year-old female visited us with the chief complaint of dissatisfaction with the esthetics of an exposed implant in the maxillary left cental incisor region. A partial-thickness pouch was constructed around the dehiscence. A subepithelial connective tissue graft was positioned in the apical site of the implant and covered by a mucosal flap with normal tension. At 12 months after surgery, the recipient site was partially covered by keratinized mucosa. However, the buccal interdental papilla between implant on maxillary left central incisor region and adjacent lateral incisor was concave in shape. To resolve the mucosal recession after the first graft, a second graft was performed with the same technique. Results: An esthetically satisfactory result was achieved and the marginal soft tissue level was stable 9 months after the second graft. Conclusions: The second graft was able to resolve the mucosal recession after first graft. This two-step approach has the potential to improve the certainty of esthetic results.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Dental temporary resin should have adequate strength and similar esthetics as natural teeth. Recently esthetics has become a high priority in clinical dentistry. Thus the evaluation of color stability of dental temporary resin has become an important part in dental research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in color stability of 3 resins($Snap^{(R)}$, Temporary bridge $resin^{(R)}$, Trim $II^{(R)}$) according to polymerizing methods and stainning. The resins were divided into groups by 2 types of polymerizing methods ( air or pressure and heat curing) The resins were dyed with coffee, chlorhexidine and artificial saliva and then the color stability was evaluated with a spectrophotometer(CM-503i, Minolta, Japan). The results were as follows ; 1. In the color stability according to polymerizing method, pressure and heat polymerizing method was higher than air polymerizing method. 2. The color stability according to staining fluid decreased in the order of I, II, III group, there was significant difference among the groups of staining fluid. 3. The color stability according to resins decreased in the order of $Snap^{(R)}$, Trim $II^{(R)}$, Temporary Bridge $resin^{(R)}$, The $Snap^{(R)}$ resin was highest color stability, there was significant difference among the 3 resins.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.443-447
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• 2020

The esthetic properties of zirconia receive increasing attention as its demand and application escalates. Thus, it is crucial to investigate how zirconia is esthetically different from other dental ceramics. In this study, we evaluated the translucency of zirconia and suggest a method to increase its translucency. We examined the shade of zirconia and offer its distinguishing features. Finally, we analyzed monolithic zirconia restorations to propose esthetic considerations in clinics.