• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2017

목적: 이번 연구에서, 다양한 상황에서 골소실양을 평가하기 위하여 맞춤형 지대주를 사용한 환자에서 4년간의 후향적 방사선학적인 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이번 연구의 대상은 CAD/CAM 맞춤형 지대주를 이용한 임플란트 고정성 보철물이다. 2011년 8월 1일부터 2012년 7월 31일 까지 조선대학교 치과병원 보철과에서 제작하여 고정성 보철물로 사용된 CAD/CAM 맞춤형 지대주와 상부 보철물들을 대상으로 하였으며, 고정성 보철물을 제작한 환자에 대하여 방사선학적 평가를 시행하여 보철물 장착 후 3개월, 6개월, 1년, 2년, 3년, 4년 단위로 총 4년 간의 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결과:연구 결과, CAD/CAM을 이용한 맞춤형 지대주는 기존 연구 결과에 비해 골소실 양이 적었다. 연결 고정된 그룹과 연결 고정되지 않은 그룹 간에 골소실 양(각각 0.27 mm, 0.5 mm)에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 상악 전치부, 상악 구치부, 하악 전치부, 하악 구치부의 부위별 골소실양(각각 1.37 mm, 0.39 mm, 0.00 mm, 0.30 mm)에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론:CAD/CAM을 이용한 맞춤형 지대주는 연결 고정 여부에 따른 골소실 양에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 임플란트 식립 부위에 따른 골소실 양에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6611-6617
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• 2015

본 연구는 수작업으로 제작된 metal coping과 CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing)으로 제작된 지르코니아 coping을 제작하여 변연과 내면 적합도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 모형은 우레탄 모형재를 사용하여 knife, chamfer변연 두 종류의 지대치를 제작하였다. 수작업과 CAD/CAM으로 제작된 보철물의 변연 적합도를 실리콘 리플리카 테크닉방법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 적합도 측정은 현미경의 CCD카메라로 캡쳐하였다. 이때 지대치와 보철물의 거리는 이미지분석 소프트웨어에서 거리 조정이 된 상태에서 실시하였다. 측정부위는 marginal opening을 MO, marginal gap을 MG, internal gap을 IG, Axial gap을 AG, occlusal gap을 OG로 하였다. 제작법과 변연 형태에 따른 비교분석을 위해 이원배치분산분석을 실시하였으며 서로 다른 평균값들의 비교 분석을 위해서 일원배치분산분석과 Scheffe's 사후 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 CAD/CAM의 OG와 knife 변연의 MO을 제외하고는 < $120{\mu}m$ 적합도를 나타냈다. CAD/CAM으로 제작된 coping은 chamfer 변연 MO에서 높은 적합도를 보였으나 MG에서는 knife변연이 chamfer변연 보다 더 좋은 적합도를 보였다. AG의 내면 적합도는 가장 좋은 값을 나타내었다(< $38{\mu}m$).

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1037-1045
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluation the effect of translucency on CAD/CAM ceramic according to different core/veneer thicknesses. Methods: A total of 42 samples from 2 groups of 7 ceramic cores, each with 3 thickness values (0.8, 1.0, 1.2 mm) were manufactured. The veneers were also manufactured in 3 thicknesses (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 mm). The group names were based on the name of the ceramic core (IPS e.Max CAD; LD, and IPS Empress CAD; LR). The associated number was determined by the combined thickness of the core and veneer: 1 = (0.8 + 0.7); 2 = (1.0 + 0.5); 3 = (1.2 + 0.3). The translucency was measured using a spectrophotometer and defined via the contrast ratio (CR) and translucency parameter (TP). Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare the 2 groups (material and thickness). Results: As the core thickness increased, the TP value also increased, and the CR value (for LR group) decreased. The results of 2-way ANOVA demonstrated that the thicknesses of different core/veneer combinations significantly affected the translucency (p<0.05). Conclusions: The different core and veneer thicknesses affected the translucency of CAD/CAM ceramic.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of surface treatments and repair materials on the shear bond strength and to measure the fracture toughness of CAD/CAM provisional restoration materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four CAD/CAM (3D printing: Nextdent C&B and ZMD-1000B Temporary, CAD/CAM resin block: Yamahachi PMMA disk and Huge PMMA block) and four conventional (monometacrylate: Jet and Alike, dimetacrylate: Luxatemp and Protemp 4) materials were selected to fabricate disk-shaped specimens and divided into six groups according to surface treatment (n=10). CAD/CAM materials were repaired with Jet or Luxatemp, while conventional materials were repaired with their own materials. The shear bond strength was measured by using universal testing machine. Ten rectangular column-shaped specimens for each material were fabricated to measure the fracture toughness by single edge v notched beam technique. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS. The highest shear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials was achieved by SiC paper + sandblasting. It was also accomplished when repairing 3D printing materials with Luxatemp, and repairing CAD/CAM resin blocks with Jet. Yamahachi PMMA disk showed the highest fracture toughness. Nextdent C&B showed the lowest fracture toughness value but no statistically significant difference from Alike and Luxatemp (P>.05). CONCLUSION. In order to successfully repair the CAD/CAM provisional restoration, mechanical surface treatment and appropriate repair material according to the CAD/CAM material type should be selected. The CAD/CAM provisional materials have proper mechanical properties for clinical use as compared to conventional materials.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2014

Currently, computer-aided technology becomes one of main issues in clinical dentistry. About 25 years ago, the development of dental CAD/CAM systems for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures leads to be able to fabricate complete denture today. The fabrication of milled complete denture prostheses with digital scanning technology may decrease the number of patient appointments. However, the precise tooth arrangement and evaluation by patient is not promising relatively. The purpose of this review was to analyze the existing literature on computer aided technology for fabricating complete denture with historical background, current status, and future perspectives. In addition, two available commercial systems were introduced.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To evaluate the accuracy of a model made using the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) milling method and 3D printing method and to confirm its applicability as a work model for dental prosthesis production. MATERIALS AND METHODS. First, a natural tooth model (ANA-4, Frasaco, Germany) was scanned using an oral scanner. The obtained scan data were then used as a CAD reference model (CRM), to produce a total of 10 models each, either using the milling method or the 3D printing method. The 20 models were then scanned using a desktop scanner and the CAD test model was formed. The accuracy of the two groups was compared using dedicated software to calculate the root mean square (RMS) value after superimposing CRM and CAD test model (CTM). RESULTS. The RMS value ($152{\pm}52{\mu}m$) of the model manufactured by the milling method was significantly higher than the RMS value ($52{\pm}9{\mu}m$) of the model produced by the 3D printing method. CONCLUSION. The accuracy of the 3D printing method is superior to that of the milling method, but at present, both methods are limited in their application as a work model for prosthesis manufacture.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The bond strengths between resin denture teeth with various compositions and denture base resins including conventional and CAD/CAM purposed materials were evaluated to find influence of each material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical rods (6.0 mm diameter × 8.0 mm length) prepared from pre-polymerized CAD/CAM denture base resin blocks (PMMA Block-pink; Huge Dental Material, Vipi Block-Pink; Vipi Industria) were bonded to the basal surface of resin teeth from three different companies (VITA MFT^®; VITA Zahnfabrik, Endura Posterio^®; SHOFU Dental, Duracross Physio^®; Nissin Dental Products Inc.) using resin cement (Super-Bond C&B; SUN MEDICAL). As a control group, rods from a conventional heat-polymerizing denture base resin (Vertex™ Rapid Simplified; Vertex-Dental B.V. Co.) were attached to the resin teeth using the conventional flasking and curing method. Furthermore, the effect of air abrasion was studied with the highly cross-linked resin teeth (VITA MFT^®) groups. The shear bond strengths were measured, and then the fractured surfaces were examined to analyze the mode of failure. RESULTS. The shear bond strengths of the conventional heat-polymerizing PMMA denture resin group and the CAD/CAM denture base resin groups were similar. Air abrasion to VITA MFT^® did not improve shear bond strengths. Interfacial failure was the dominant cause of failure for all specimens. CONCLUSION. Shear bond strengths of CAD/CAM denture base materials and resin denture teeth using resin cement are comparable to those of conventional methods.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marginal gap of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by CEREC$^{(R)}$ in-office CAD/CAM system. Methods: The mandibular first molar was selected as the abutment for the experiments. Thirty working models were prepared. VITA Mark II(VM) and VITA Enamic(VE), LAVA Ultimate(LU) blocks were milled using CEREC MCXL with CEREC 3D system to construct 10 crowns for each groups. To measure marginal gap, milled restorations were examined under digital microscope with scale under 160x magnifications. The results were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test(${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: There was no significant difference in the marginal gap regarding to ceramic materials(p>0.05). Conclusion: Single crowns fabricated using CEREC in-office CAD/CAM system provided clinically acceptable marginal gap. This confirmed that the type of ceramic material used does not determine the precision of fit of a prosthesis.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2023

기능적이고 심미적인 보철물을 제작하기 위해서 환자의 교합평면에 관한 정보를 정확하게 전달하는 과정은 필수적이다. 특히, 완전 무치악 환자의 경우 교합평면은 의치가 연조직을 올바르게 지지하고 안모와 심미적 조화를 이루며 제대로 된 발음을 할 수 있도록 중요한 기준을 제시하고, 안정적인 저작작용을 위한 균형 있는 교합관계를 형성하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 전통적으로 환자의 악간 관계와 교합평면에 대한 정보를 진료실에서 기공실로 전달하기 위해 교합기에 연결하여 사용하는 다양한 안궁(facebow) 시스템을 이용하였으나, CAD 상으로 이를 옮기는 과정에서는 여러 한계점이 있었다. 이 과정을 단순화하기 위하여 최근 조립식의 POP(PNUD Occlusal Plane) Bow system이 개발되었다. 본 증례에서는 완전 무치악 환자의 치료 과정에서 POP Bow system을 적용하여 환자의 교합평면 정보가 잘 반영된 CAD-CAM(Computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing) 치료 의치를 제작하였고, 심미적이고 기능적인 만족도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

Application of CAD/CAM is changing the way partial or full veneer all ceramic restoration is made. CAD/CAM systems, which were used mainly in other industries, have been developed and introduced for the dental purposes recently. It produced a flood of information on the CAD/CAM systems. It also influenced the development of restorative materials and all ceramic is substituting the traditional restorative materials of gold, composite resin and metal. Price increase of gold and other raw materials made the all ceramic more appealing. The introduction of a CEREC 3D system was innovative in several ways. Image of the prepared tooth is captured by camera and impression taking is unnecessary. Restoration can be delivered to the patient on one appointment and it will satisfy the demand of busy patients. One-day treatment with direct CAD/CAM system saves time compared to indirect CAD/CAM system. More superior restoration can be produced if lab work such as the adaptability check and shade selection is cooperated with lab technician. Short working time and comparably superior shade compatibility of color block was close to ideal. In the future, restorations with better quality can be fabricated in less time to busy patients thanks to the development of CAD/CAM system and dental materials.