• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.381-386
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• 2012

Nematode fauna in Dokdo island was investigated for two years between 2008 and 2009. Population density and biomass were $239,500m^2$ (26,000-836,000) and $103.9mg/m^2$ (3.0-388.6), respectively. Total of 31 species of nematodes were identified : Acrobeloides is the most important genus with prominence value (PV) of 117.8, followed by Rhabditidae (PV = 81.9), Prismatolaimus (PV = 39.0), and Aphelenchoides (PV = 31.4). Among feeding group, bacteriovorus nematode composed 77% of density and 62% of biomass followed by plant-parasitic and fungivorus nematodes. A species of Pratylenchus having distinctive tail terminus is under study as a new species. Biological indices, Shannon and Wiener index (2.46), Simpson's diversity index (0.86), Species evenness (0.73), Species richness (1.30) indicate that nematode fauna in Dokdo island is diverse and unique. This study may give a general idea of nematode fauna at the Dokdo island.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2012

Native of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an Asia and aphid is one of the dangerous pests in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. High density aphid populations can reduce crop production by causing severe damage. The objective of this study was evaluation of resistance to the soybean aphid in soybean cultivars and germplasms. A total of fifty five soybean cultivars or germplasms, including two susceptible and two resistant check varieties, were infested to evaluate their resistance in the field cage and greenhouse test by aphid colonies which derived from wild collected one soybean aphid biotype in Korea. The average number of reproduced soybean aphid was evaluated with 62.7 aphids in the resistant check variety PI 567598B and also estimated with 1,807 aphids for susceptible check variety Williams 82. In soybean varieties and germplasms, the average reproduced soybean aphid populations ranged from the lowest 497 aphids for Junjeori to the highest 3,862 aphids for Mansu. About seventy six percent of soybean cultivars and germplasms were shown high density soybean aphid populations when compared with another susceptible check variety PI 567543C in the field cage test. From the greenhouse test to evaluate aphid index, 87.3% of soybean cultivars or germplasms presented aphid index with 9.0. No soybean cultivars and germplasms were observed with soybean resistant phenotype when regarded a aphid resistant level as less than 10% aphid reproductions compared with susceptible check Williams 82. Although no Korean soybean cultivars were identified with resistant trait to the soybean aphid, we found one great resistant genetic resource PI 567598B in this study. This result will be helpful to further study for providing useful genetic information for soybean researchers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.242-246
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• 2016

The distribution and population density of rodents and chigger mites were investigated between April 2013 and November 2013 in the Gokseong-gun of Jeollanam-do, Korea. A total of 79 rodents were collected using Sherman collapsible traps, and among them, 73 were Apodemus agrarius (92.4%), 4 were Crocidura lasiura (5.0%), and 2 were Microtus fortis (2.5%). Sixty-eight out of the 79 rodents were parasitized by chiggers, showing an infestation rate of 86.0% and a chigger index of 74.5; the chigger index of A. agrarius was 75.4. From the trapped field rodents, 5,063 chigger mites were collected and identified with 6 species of 2 genera. Leptotrombidium scutellare was the dominant species with 3,535 chiggers (69.8%), followed by L. pallidum with 777 chiggers (15.3%). This results showed that the distribution of chigger mites differ in dominant species according to seasons. L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected in April (34.3%), May (70.0%), and June (55.1%); whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in September (75.5%), October (71.8%), and November (74.2%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.863-874
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• 2008

We have to judge engineering properties of rock accurately in order to design and construct rock structure safely and economically. Among the rock tests, the test result of UCS(Uniaxial Compressive Strength) is very important factor used in the variety ways for designing and construction of underground structures, rock slope and foundation analysis. But the UCS test has some disadvantages of intact sample preparation such as because the shape of sample has to be regular cylindrical, cube or rectangular. In order to solve those problem, indirect tests are used such as point load test, schmidt hammer test, absorption test, dry density to predict UCS of rock. Those tests are easy to prepare sample and convenient to carry out the tests, so it is simple and costs less. Schmidt hammer test are frequently used in the construction site, because it is handy and easy to use, but there is concern of misuse without classifying the specification of each schmidt hammer. Thus, this study suggested presumptive numerical formula related on each specification of schmidt hammer test, point load test, absorption test and dry density also. We compared presumptive numerical formula and R-square through schmidt rebound assessment method already brought up. Also, through the test we offer the extent of weathering index according to the weathering grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.705-713
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• 2020

Arteriosclerosis is a disease in which blood circulation is impaired due to loss of elasticity as blood vessels become narrower, and is a potential cause of recently increasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid ultrasound is used as a predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by evaluating the degree of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this paper attempted to investigate the correlation between the increase in the thickness of the inner media and various clinical variables in carotid ultrasound. Patients with carotid ultrasound findings were classified into three stages: mild intima thickening, sclerosis, and significant stenosis. CAVI (Carotid Ankle Vascular Index: vascular age) data measured in the degree and physical characteristics of the carotid artery(gender, age, body mass index, blood pressure), blood test(total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, creatine phosphokinase, fasting blood sugar), and arteriosclerosis test were collected. It was confirmed that the carotid intima thickness was correlated with variables such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and BMI, and also correlated with the risk factors of cardiovascular disease as CAVI increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.330-341
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability for groundwater contamination at the some cemeteries in Gyeonggi Province. Twenty-eight out of 43 cemeteries in Gyeonggi province were selected for this study. The DRASTIC model was applied to those cemeteries, and the reliance of the model was assessed using the water quality data of the target areas. The DRASTIC model was used for the assessment of the potential for groundwater contamination using hydrogeological factors. Seven factors including depth of water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer were assessed. The DRASTIC index of the study area ranged from 82 to 126 with an average value of $113.99(\pm11.48)$. The DRASTIC index was relatively greater in the northern Gyeonggi province than that in the southern area. The DRASTIC index was similar for the areas with the similar burial rate and burial density. This study demonstrated that burial rate and burial density should be considered along with the 7 basic factors for the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability of the cemeteries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.433-440
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• 1996

To assess the relationship between serum cholesterol level and dietary intake in obese children, 50 subjects were selected as an obese group and 50 subjects as a normal group depending upon body mass index. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) and triglyceride(TG). The dietary intake and information on dietary behavior and family environment were obtained by questionaire using 24 hour dietary recall method for 2-consecutive days. The concentrations of TC, LDLC, HDLC and TG of obese group were estimated to be 193.3mg/dl, 122.5mg/dl, 53.7mg/dl and 86.0mg/dl, respectively. The obese group showed higher TC, LDLC, TG level(p<0.001) and lower HDLC level(p<0.001) than normal group. Food intakes in obese group were similar to those of normal group except meats & fishes(P<0.01), milk & dairy products, fruits(p<0.05), and green & yellow vegetables(p<0.001). Nutrient intakes in obese group exceeded Korean recommended dietary allowance for the corresponding ages. Saturated fatty acid(p<0.05) and cholesterol(p<0.001) intakes in obese group were higher than those of normal group. In correlation analysis, meats & fishes, eggs and milk & dairy products intakes were positively related to serum TC, LDLC and TG ; on the contrary, green & yellow vegetables and fruits intakes were negatively related to serum TC, LDLC and TG ; but positively to HDLC. Obesity index, serum cholesterol level, cholesterol and saturated fatty acid intake were positively correlated with parent's obesity index, frequency of snack per day, eating rate and late snack.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

In this study, the applicabilities of flood risk indices using FVI from IPCC, PSR method from OECD, and DPSIR method from EEA, were analyzed. Normalized values of daily maximum rainfall, hourly maximum rainfall, ten minute maximum rainfall, annual precipitation, total days of heavy rainfall (more than 80mm/day), density of population, density of asset, DEM, road statistics, river maintenance ratio, reservoir capacity, supply ratio of water supply and sewerage, and pumping capacity were constructed from 2000 to 2015 for nationwide 113 watersheds, to estimate flood risk indices. The estimated indices were compared to 4 different types of flood damage such as the number of casualties, damage area, the amount of flood damage, and flood frequency. The relationships between flood indices and different flood damage types demonstrated that the flood index using the PSR method shows better results for the amount of flood damage, the number of casualties and damage area, and the flood index using the DPSIR method shows better results for flood frequency.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze correlation in deficiency syndrome of kidney index and bone mineral density(BMD) in 130 osteoporosis patients. Methods : 130 women who were over 50 years old and visited in Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013, answered the questionnaire consisting of symptom of deficiency syndrome of kidney, to determine the deficiency syndrome of kidney Index(DSKI). Grade of low back pain were measured in the visual analogue scale(VAS). BMD of the patients were determined by quantitative computerized tomography(QCT). Then, DSKI with BMD, VAS and age were analyzed by correlation analysis, variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results : 1. Between DSKI and BMD, patients in total and in-their-50's group did not show a statistically significant result, but in-their-60's group and over-70 group showed a statistically significant result by correlation analysis. 2. Between DSKI and VAS, groups in total, in-the-50's, 60's, and over-70 groups showed a statistically significant result by correlation analysis. Conclusions : DSKI and BMD of the patients group who are over 60, DSKI and VAS of the patiens over 50 years old were associated with each other.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2016

The effects of $CO_2$ injection and barrel temperatures on the physiochemical and antioxidant properties of extruded cereals (sorghum, barley, oats, and millet) were studied. Extrusion was carried out using a twin-screw extruder at different barrel temperatures (80, 110, and $140^{\circ}C$), $CO_2$ injection (0 and 500 mL/min), screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 25%. Extrusion significantly increased the total flavonoid content (TFC) of extruded oats, and ${\beta}$-glucan and protein digestibility (PD) of extruded barley and oats. In contrast, there were significant reductions in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, PD of extruded sorghum and millet, as well as resistant starch (RS) of extruded sorghum and barley, and total phenolic content (TPC) of all extrudates, except extruded millet. At a barrel temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, TPC in extruded barley was significantly increased, and there was also an increase in DPPH and PD in extruded millet with or without $CO_2$ injection. In contrast, at a barrel temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, the TPC of extruded sorghum decreased, TFC of extruded oats decreased, and at a barrel temperature of $110^{\circ}C$, PD of extruded sorghum without $CO_2$ decreased. Some physical properties [expansion ratio (ER), specific length, piece density, color, and water absorption index] of the extrudates were significantly affected by the increase in barrel temperature. The $CO_2$ injection significantly affected some physical properties (ER, specific length, piece density, water solubility index, and water absorption index), TPC, DPPH, ${\beta}$-glucan, and PD. In conclusion, extruded barley and millet had higher potential for making value added cereal-based foods than the other cereals.