• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 1996

Several major agronomic traits of 4 isogenic lines for tillering(Kindred, Morex)were investigated under the different seeding rates and seedling mortality grown in the pots. The normal-tillering phenotypes had higher grain yield(46％) and leaf area index(56％) than their uniculm isogenic counterparts. The assortment rate(69％) and 1,000 grain weight(27％) in uniculm type were greater than the normal type. Uniculm plants were earlier in heading(4∼8days) and maturing(2∼3 days) dates compared with their counterparts. The grain yield was fitted to linear regression, ranged 0.659g to 0.5g per spike number. On increasing the seedling mortality rates, the grains per spike and 1,000 grain weight were slightly decreased, but the grain yield per plot was decreased markedly because of decrease of spikes per plot. The assortment rate, leaf photosynthetic capacity and reproductive tiller number were increased with increase of seedling mortality. The grain yield was largely dependent on the number of spikes per plot on occurrence of seedling mortality. For the uniculm genotypes to be introduced and bred into a present leading variety, the isogenic lines were precisely tested in the open field for a couple of years.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 1987

Relationships among root yield, planting density (PD), missing plant rate (MR), leaf area index (LAI) , leaf area per plant(LAP), root weight(RW), number of harvested root(RN) and leaf fall plant rate (LFP) were investigated by survey of white ginseng plantations in Pungi and Geumsan area. In Geumsan PD was about twice than in Pungi but yield was low with high rates of MR and LFP. Yield depended on RN in high PD cultivation while on RW in low PD. The effect of MR on yield was prominent in high PD cultivation. PD showed insignificant negative correlation with yield and no clear relation with MR. RN depended on PD and was especially limited by MR, Yield depended on LAI at harvest time and especially at maximum growth time. LAI was not different between high and low PD area but depended only on RN in high PD and only on LAP in low PD area, and limited by MR in both PD. LAP depended highly on RW and this fact seems to be the very reason that LAI could not increase with the increase of PD. All fields showed the suboptimum LAI.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.362-370
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• 2005

Copolymers (HSA-98-20, HSA-98-0, HSA-98+20) which are acrylic resin containing 80% solid content were synthesized by the reaction of monomers, including methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with a functional monomer, such as acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM), which may improve in cross-linking density and physical properties of films. The physical properties of prepared acrylic resins, containing AAEM, are as follows : viscosity, $1420{\sim}5760cps$ ; number average molecular weight, $2080{\sim}2300$ ; polydispersity index, $2.07{\sim}2.19$ ; conversions, $88{\sim}93%$, respectively. To prepare acryl resins, four kinds of initiators including ${\alpha},{\alpha}'-azobisisobutyronitirile$ (AIBN), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), t-amylperoxy-2-ethyl hexanoate (APEH), benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used. The viscosity of the acrylic resins prepared with these initiators was increased in the order of DTBP>APEH>AIBN>BPO. APEH was proved as a suitable initiator in this study. Shear rates of acrylic resins were constant in respect to viscosity. From these results, it would appear that the resins have Newtonian flow characteristics and good workability.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.509-519
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• 2004

The ground subsidence that occurred in the abandoned coal mining area, Gaeun, Korea, was observed using 25 JERS-1 SAR interferograms from November 1992 to October 1998. We carried out measurements on a subset of image pixels corresponding to point-wise stable reflectors(PS: permanent scatterer) by exploiting a long temporal series of interferometric phases and compared it with the distribution map of in situ examined crack level. PSs could be identified by means of amplitude dispersion index and coherence of the interferograms and the density of PS was much higher in an urban area than in a mountainous region. The measured subsidence rate represented the average velocity in a period of image acquisition and excluded complex nonlinear displacements such as an abrupt collapse. The mean line-of-sight velocity in the study area is 0.19cm/yr and the estimation error is 0.18cm/yr. The center of the abandoned Gaeun coal mine(0.49cm/yr) and the area opposite Gaeun station(1.66cm/yr) were observed as the most highly subsiding areas.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.533-536
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• 2007

The LiDAR data structure has the potential for modeling in three dimensions because the LiDAR data can represent voxels with z value under certain defined conditions. Therefore, it is possible to classify the physical damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire as using the LiDAR data because the physical loss of canopy height and width by forest fire can be relative to an amount of points reached to the ground through the canopy of damaged forest. On the other hand, biological damage of vegetation by forest fire can be explained using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) which show vegetation vitality. In this study, we graded the damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun of South Korea using the LiDAR data for physical grading and digital aerial photograph including Red, Green, Blue and Near Infra-Red bands for biological grading. The LiDAR data was classified into 2 classes, of which one was Serious Physical Damaged (SPD) and the other was Light Physical Damaged (LPD) area. The NDVI was also classified into 2 classes which are Serious Biological Damaged (SBD) and Light Biological Damaged (LBD) area respectively. With each 2 classes ofthe LiDAR data and NDVI, the damaged area by forest fire was graded into 4 degrees like damaged class 1,2,3 and 4 grade. As a result of this study, 1 graded area was the broadest and next was the 3 grade. With this result, we could know that the burned area by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun was damaged rather biologically because the NDVI in 1 and 3 grade appeared low value whereas the LiDAR data in 1 and 3 grade included light physical damage like the LPD.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 1995

Korean medicinal herbs -sasam, gilkyung, jakyak, danggwi, hwangki and chunkung were soaked to the distillate of Korean rice wine for 75 days. The alcohol concentration of distillate, soaking media was adjusted to 45, 35, and 25% respectively with distilled water. Changes in alcohol concentration, pH, optical density, concentration of peoniflorin and decursin were analyzed. Quality of the final product was determined by sensory evaluation. Alcohol concentration was rapidly decreased but pH increased in 15 days and thereafter they showed slow decrease. Decrease of alcohol concentration was affected by the kind of herb and alcohol concentration of soaking media. The strongest effect was observed from danggwi and low alcohol concentration. Concentration of paeoniflorin and decursin, an index component of jakyak and danggwi respectively, showed the similar trend of decrease after increase to maximum concentration. From the sensory evaluation, the best overall quality was obtained from liquors made from 45% alcohol concentration. The quality was decreased in the order of sasam, jakyak, chunkung and hwanggi.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2007

Objectives: Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), there is little information available on the asymptomatic, young adult population. We examined the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the common carotid IMT in 280 young Korean adults. Methods: The data used for this study was obtained from 280 subjects (130 men and 150 women) aged 25 years who participated in the Kangwha Study follow-up examination in 2005. We measured cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometries, blood pressure, blood chemistry, carotid ultrasonography, and reviewed questionnaires on health behaviors. Risk factors were defined as values above the sex-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose and smoking status. Results: The mean carotid IMT${\pm}$standard deviation observed was $0.683{\pm}0.079mm$ in men and $0.678{\pm}0.067mm$ in women (p=0.567) and the evidence of plaque was not observed in any individuals. Mean carotid IMT increased with an increasing number of risk factors(p for trend <0.001) and carotid IMT values were 0.665 mm, 0.674 mm, 0.686 mm, 0.702 mm, and 0.748 mm for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 risk factors, respectively. The odds ratio for having the top quartile carotid IMT in men with 3 or more risk factors versus 0-2 risk factors was 5.09 (95% CI, 2.05-12.64). Conclusions: Current findings indicate the need for prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and more focus on those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2015

Objectives: The present study was conducted in order to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and osteoporosis prevalence in Korea and to assess whether different associations are found in single-person households. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2008 to 2011. The study subjects were people aged ${\geq}50$ years with osteoporosis as defined by bone mineral density. Multivariate logistic models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (pORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Gender differences in the likelihood of osteoporosis were analyzed based on household income, education level, and residential area. Results: There were 8221 osteoporosis patients aged ${\geq}50$ years, of whom 927 lived in single-person households. There was a gender-specific association between osteoporosis prevalence and all three SES factors that we analyzed: income, education, and residential area. After adjusting for age, SES, and health behaviors, including body mass index (BMI), low household income was only significantly associated with osteoporosis in men, whereas education level had an inverse relationship with osteoporosis only in women (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). However, after controlling for age and BMI, rural residency was only associated with osteoporosis in women living in single-person households (pOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43). Conclusions: The Korean adult population showed a gender-specific relationship between SES and osteoporosis prevalence, with a different pattern found in single-person households.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 1998

Transmissible venereal tumor(TVT) is a naturally occurring contagious neoplasm which can be transmitted by mechanical contact during mating in dogs and transplanted as intact viable cells to dogs and other members of canine family such as coyotes, jackals, wolves, and foxes. The incidence of this tumors tends to increase in Korean native Jindo dogs. This is probably due to the high density and unrestrained management system. With time, TVT reaches the maximum size and then tends to regress spontaneously unless individuals are immunologically compromised. It consists of different types of cells depending on the stage. In this study, 10 tumors were selected from Jindo dogs. These were histologically calssified into three stages; progressive, steady-state, and regressive. Mitotic figures were counted, and their histological appearance at each stage is compared with their DNA ploidy. Histologically, 5 tumor cases were calssed as the progressors, 3 cases as the steady-state tumors, and 2 cases as regressors. Progressors were composed of round cells with large nuclei containing conspicuous nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. A few spindle-shaped cells and inflammatory cells including mainly lymphocytes, a few neutrophils and macrophages were also seen. In the steady-state tumors, there was an increased number of spindle shaped cells and mitotic figures were rare. Six tumors were diploid and four were aneuploid with the variation coefficient of 7.02. Two of five progressive tumors were aneuploid. Two of three steady-state tumors were aneuploid while both tumors at the regressive stage were diploid. Progressive and steady-state tumors had a much larger S/G2M fraction and a higher mitotic index than regressive tumors. Two tumors which persisted for more than one year were aneuploid. These results suggest that the progressive and steady-state tumors had more active cell division than the regressive neoplasms.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 1982

Using piston type extruder, barley flour was extruded at various processing conditions, The used variables were three shear rates (apparent shear rate 118, 534, $1169sec^{-1}$), four extrusion temperatures(90, 120, 150, $180^{\circ}C$) and three moisture contents (15, 25, 35%). The rheological properties and the extrudate quality were monitored in extrusion. Barley flour showed pseudoplastic behavior having average power law index 0.28 in used shear rate range. When viewed from general appearance, die swell, density, water uptake, rehydration swell and gelatinization degree of extrudate, $25{\sim}35%$ moisture and $120^{\circ}C$ temperature was suitable processing condition for noodle-like product, and 25% moisture and $150^{\circ}C$ temperature was good for snack or flake product. Moisture content of the extrudate can be pretty well estimated from energy balance at higher temperature and higher moisture content.