• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.3-18
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• 2021

The fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming the industrial structure of the region, and it is necessary to develop new industries and technologies that reflect regional characteristics. The purpose of this study is to measure the knowledge relatedness and technological complexity in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam, and to identify technologies with potential for regional industrial differentiation strategies. Using patent data from 2015 to 2019, co-occurrence matrices were derived from 652 IPC codes, and the knowledge relatedness density and technology complexity index were calculated. Network analysis was performed using the knowledge relatedness density. As a result of analysis, it was found that mechanical engineering occupied a large proportion, followed by chemistry and electrical engineering. As a result of applying the risk-benefit framework to derive technologies with the potential to differentiate local industries, the technological capabilities of low-risk-high-benefit were different. Among mechanical engineering, technologies such as engine, machine operation, and transportation were included in Busan. In Ulsan, environmental technology in chemical and materials, and heat treatment technology in mechanical engineering were technologies with low-risk and high-benefit capabilities. Gyeongnam showed competence in mechanical engineering, chemistry, and electrical engineering in some areas such as Gimhae, Yangsan, and Changwon. The results of this study are meaningful in that they identified technologies with potential for selecting and deriving strategic industries for regional growth based on latent knowledge in the region.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2019

This study was conducted to provide basic data for prevention of osteoporosis by examining the factors affecting bone mineral density in pregnant mothers. This investigation was a descriptive research study that analyzed a total of 137 medical records. Differences in T-score between general and obstetric characteristics were assessed by independent t-tests and one way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The mean age of the subjects was 32.4 years and the mean T-score was 0.34. The BMI measured at 4 weeks after delivery was significantly higher in the underweight group than in the normal group and the overweight group (F=11.935, p<.001). The BMD was significantly higher in subjects with sufficient vitamin D than in subjects with insufficient vitamin D, in subjects with insufficient vitamin D than in subjects with deficiency vitamin D (F=4.906, P=0.009). BMD was significantly higher in cases without experience of abortion than those with more than one experience of abortion (t=4.264, p<.001), and the normal delivery was significantly higher than that of cesarean section (t= 2.019, p=.046). Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to actively prevent the factors affecting BMD during pregnancy and delivery. The findings presented herein can be used as basic data for the management of osteoporosis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

A survey on the geographical distribution of two soybean cyst nematodes, Heterodera glycines and Heterodera sojae, was conducted in soybean cultivation areas in the Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do provinces. In 67 fields of 10 counties or cities in Gangwon-do province, H. glycines was detected in 13 fields, H. sojae was detected in five fields, and both species were found in two fields. In 84 fields of nine counties or cities in Chungcheongbuk-do province, H. glycines was detected in 27 fields, H. sojae was detected in four fields, and both species were found in five fields. The diversity and dominance of the plant parasitic nematodes in the Gangwon and Chungbuk provinces were not significantly different among the soybean cultivars. The diversity and dominance index of the plant parasitic nematodes according to the presence or absence of soybean cyst nematodes did not show any significant difference between the soybean cultivation areas of both provinces. The relationship between the soybean cyst nematodes and soil chemical properties showed a low coefficient of determination, and the density of soybean cyst nematodes tended to increase as the pH and available phosphate content in soil samples increased. The soil texture of cyst nematode-detected fields was mostly sandy soils, which amounted to about 60% of the total. As the clay and silt content increased, the density of soybean cyst nematodes tended to decrease, and as the sand content increased, the density of cyst nematodes tended to increase.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 2019

Urban sprawl has been criticized due to its negative effects, including the encroachment of farmland and open spaces, the increase in traffic congestion and air pollution, the decline of central city, the decrease in social capital, and the unfairness of tax burdens on infrastructure and public services. This study measures urban sprawl in the capital region of South Korea where the characteristics of urban sprawl have been known to be different from those identified in the U.S. metropolitan areas. In particular, the study examines whether the capital region has experienced the decline of the central city with an expansion of low density residential development in suburban areas. Three measurements, the sprawl index with population density, the ratio of changes in urbanized areas to changes in population, and the population density gradient, were employed to measure urban sprawl, and GIS mapping and descriptive analysis were used to examine the central city decline and the characteristics of development patterns in suburban areas. The results show that the capital region of South Korea is moving to the American style sprawled development with the decline of the central city and an increase of single detached homes in suburban areas, implying that policy makers need to develop growth management strategies to prevent urban sprawl and its negative effects that many U.S. metropolitan areas have suffered from.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.721-728
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC) or backmuscle strength (BS). Sixty-one participants were measured by BMD using ultrasound bone densitometry and Inbody for BC (i.e., SLM=Soft lean mass, SMM=Skeletal muscle mass, FS=Fitness score. et al.), BS after self-questionnaire for life cycle. This study was performed after approving Institutional Review Board and obtaining the informed concent from all participants. Participants was divided into two group by BMD T-score; $T-score{\geq}-1.0$, T-score<-1.0. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS ver. 22.0(USA), Spearma test for correlation between BMD and BC or BS. BMD or SLM, BS was increased with increasing physical activity or body mass index. SMM or SMM, FS of BMD $T-score{\geq}-1.0$ group was higher than that of T-score <-1.0 group as well as BS(p>0.05). BMD T-score was correlated positively with SLM(r= 0.424) or SMM(r= 0.431) in men, as well as in women(p<0.05). BS was correlated positively with SLM or SMM, FS. BS was significantly positive correlated with BMD in women group (r= 0.591, p= 0.001), but not in men group. We concluded that BMD is the relationship with SLM or SMM, as well as BS in women.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.197-207
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• 2021

Relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes is still inconsistent. Recently, many epidemiologic data show that fracture risk is increased in type 2 diabetic patients regardless of BMD status. In this study, we used nation-wide data from 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to analyze the BMD status in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetics. We included subjects aged 50 years or older in men (N=2,959, 2,430 without diabetes, 529 with type 2 diabetes) and postmenopausal women (N=2,902, 2,479 without diabetes, 423 with type 2 diabetes). Subjects with history of medication for osteoporosis or with illness or malignancy affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Data of anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics were collected by trained examiner. Serum was separated from peripheral venous blood samples obtained after 8 hours of fasting. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There was a significant positive association between lumbar spine BMD and type 2 diabetes after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, monthly house income, education level, physical activity, daily calcium intake and vitamin D concentration by multiple regression analysis in all subjects. In the subgroup analysis by gender, this association was maintained both in male and female after adjusting those confounding factors. However, femur BMD was not different between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. In conclusion, lumbar spine BMD was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients aged 50 years or more in men and postmenopausal women compared to non-diabetic subjects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1988

This study was carried out to know the ecological study of the Pinus thunbergii stands on the southern seacoast of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; Density, mean acreage and mean distance of upper story of Pinus thunbergii were not difference by stands in the districts. Importance value of Pious thunbergii was 14 to 98% at the lower crown story in the eastern part of southern seacoast, and was 3 to 7% at the lower crown story in the western part of southern seacoast. The number of floristic composition was 26 species in the eastern part of southern seacoast, and was 37 species in the western part of southern seacoast. The species diversity index (H'), the maximum of species diversity (H' max.)and the evenness (J') in the western part of southern seacoast were shown higher than those in the eastern part of southern seacoast. Similarity index(SI) were highly shown among stands in the western part of southern seacoast, but were lowerly shown among stands in the eastern part of southern seacoast, and then were comparatively low in the western part of southern seacoast and the eastern part of southern seacoast.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

We investigated 12 plots using Herles' diversity of structure feature calculation method, which is based on the Shannon-Weaver-Index for estimation of species diversity. This study sought to facilitate a more systematic understanding of the structure of the forest stands in the Korean fir natural forest in Naeseorak. Although the change in the forest structure is dependent on the change in phase, factors of the natural forest were confirmed by associating individual structure features. As shown in the results of diversity of structure features, the diversity of the structure of the fir tree natural forest in Naeseorak was relatively low. The association between species diversity and overall factors (diversity) related with the change in the structure was found to be weak. The association between the number of trees and the diversity of forest structure stands was moderate, showing that the higher the number of trees, the less diverse the forest structure is. In most of the investigated plots, stem volume and volume of dead tree were associated with the height of natural regeneration, but these were not associated with other factors. Height of natural regeneration was found to be correlated to stand density, crown area and crown class, whereas tree height and BHD did not have any association with other factors. Overall, the results of the investigation are helpful in understanding the change in the structure of Korean fir natural forest. Further investigation with more plots is required.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2010

We performed laboratory measurements of the mechanical properties and slake durability of Cretaceous shale from the Hwasun area, Korea, including highly weathered and fresh samples, yielding ranges of specific gravity of 2.14-2.88, dry density of 1.86-2.83(g/$cm^3$), water content of 0.12-6.36 (%), porosity of 1.33-20.49 (%), and absorption ratio of 0.51-8.5 (%). The absorption ratio shows a strong linear relation with porosity, expressed as Ab = 0.44P-0.09 (Ab: absorption ratio, P: porosity). Values of the slake durability index ($Id_2$) and point load intensity index ($Is_{(50)}$) of highly weathered to fresh shale are 90.07-99.33 (%) and 10.8-90.2(kg/$cm^2$), respectively. $Id_2$ is linearly related to $Is_{(50)}$, expressed as $Is(50)=1E-07e^{0.2033Id_2}$(kg/$cm^2$)($r^2=0.69$). This equation is a useful tool for estimating the $Id_2$ value for shale in the Hwasun area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5683-5692
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• 2014

This study examined the correlation among the Korean language ability, health promotion behaviors and health status of immigrant women by marriage. Data on the subjects of 148 immigrant women were collected from September to December, 2013. Constructed self-administered questionnaires were used to gather information on the general characteristics of the immigrant women, their Korean language ability, health promotion behaviors and emotional health status. The health examination results of the subjects were used for information on their health status. There were significant differences in the Korean language reading ability, drinking habits, total cholesterol and body mass index between the diseased group and the intact group. An analysis of the relationship between the Korean language ability and health conditions revealed a significant positive correlation between the total cholesterol and neutral fat, but negative correlations between the density of hemoglobin and the total cholesterol, the neutral fat and body mass index. There was a significant negative correlation between the Korean language ability and the level of stress. Based on these results, a program was suggested and developed to decrease the rate of drinking, cholesterol and body mass index of immigrant women and to promote their ability to understand health information and express their diseases properly in the Korean language.