• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.132-137
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• 2004

In this work, effects of hyper-elastic rubber material properties on the indentation load-deflection curve and subindenter deformation are first examined via [mite element (FE) analyses. An optimal data acquisition spot is selected, which features maximum strain energy density and negligible frictional effect. We then contrive two normalized functions. which map an indentation load vs. deflection curve into a strain energy density vs. first invariant curve. From the strain energy density vs. first invariant curve, we can extract the rubber material properties. This new spherical indentation approach produces the rubber material properties in a manner more effective than the common uniaxial tensile/compression tests. The indentation approach successfully measures the rubber material properties and the corresponding nominal stress.strain curve with an average error less than 3%.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.1338-1341
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• 2002

The Weibull probability density function and the Rayleigh function are compared by analyzing the relations of the capacity factors which are compared the actual wind speed frequency curve with which are modelled using the probability density functions with different mean wind speeds. For this analysis, the wind speed means of arithmetic, root mean square, cubic mean cuberoot, and standard deviations are computed from the measured wind speed data of a specific site and the coefficients of probability density functions are calculated. The capacity factors for Vestas 850[kW] wind turbine are calculated and analyzed. The results shows that the wind speed frequency curve by Rayleigh function is more close to the actual curve than by Weibull function. The more the wind speed frequency curve is close to the actual one, the more the capacity factors become large values.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

To improve accuracy of dose calculation on kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (kV CBCT) images, a custom-made phantom was fabricated to acquire an accurate CT number to electron density curve by full scatter of cone beam x-ray. To evaluate the dosimetric accuracy, 9 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for head and neck (HN) cancer and 9 VMAT plans for lung cancer were generated with an anthropomorphic phantom. Both CT and CBCT images of the anthropomorphic phantom were acquired and dose-volumetric parameters on the CT images with CT density curve (CTCT), CBCT images with CT density curve ($CBCT_{CT}$) and CBCT images with CBCT density curve ($CBCT_{CBCT}$) were calculated for each VMAT plan. The differences between $CT_{CT}$ vs. $CBCT_{CT}$ were similar to those between $CT_{CT}$ vs. $CBCT_{CBCT}$ for HN VMAT plans. However, the differences between $CT_{CT}$ vs. $CBCT_{CT}$ were larger than those between $CT_{CT}$ vs. $CBCT_{CBCT}$ for lung VMAT plans. Especially, the differences in $D_{98%}$ and $D_{95%}$ of lung target volume were statistically significant (4.7% vs. 0.8% with p = 0.033 for $D_{98%}$ and 4.8% vs. 0.5% with p = 0.030 for $D_{95%}$). In order to calculate dose distributions accurately on the CBCT images, CBCT density curve generated with full scatter condition should be used especially for dose calculations in the region of large inhomogeneity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.816-825
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• 2004

In this work, effects of hyper-elastic rubber material properties on the indentation load-deflection curve and subindenter deformation are examined via finite element (FE) analyses. An optimal location for data analysis is selected, which features maximum strain energy density and negligible frictional effect. We then contrive two normalized functions, which map an indentation load vs. deflection curve into a strain energy density vs. first invariant curve. From the strain energy density vs. first invariant curve, we can extract the rubber material properties. This new spherical indentation approach produces the rubber material properties in a manner more effective than the common uniaxial tensile/com-pression tests. The indentation approach successfully measures the rubber material properties and the corresponding nominal stress-strain curve with an average error less than 3%.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2004

In this work, effects of hyper-elastic rubber material properties on the indentation load-deflection curve and subindenter deformation are first examined via finite element (FE) analyses. An optimal data acquisition spot is selected, which features maximum strain energy density and negligible frictional effect. We then contrive two normalized functions, which map an indentation load vs. deflection curve into a strain energy density vs. first invariant curve. From the strain energy density vs. first invariant curve, we can extract the rubber material properties. This new spherical indentation approach produces the rubber material properties in a manner more effective than the common uniaxial tensile/compression tests. The indentation approach successfully measures the rubber material properties and the corresponding nominal stress-strain curve.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2014.03a
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• pp.115-125
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• 2014

We investigate dissociation of diatomic molecules and anions using density functional theory (DFT) and density-corrected density functional theory (DC-DFT). We scan the potential energy curve of CH, NH and NO neutral molecule and its anion with both DFT and DC-DFT (in form of Hartree-Fock DFT, HF-DFT) using various functionals. Using CCSD(T) results as reference, we perform the error decomposition scheme recently proposed by Kim et al. The results show while most neutrals are $functio{\acute{n}}al$ error $domi{\bar{n}}ating$ normal calculations, $CH^-$ and $NO^-$ anions are density-driven error dominating abnormal calculations. In case of $NH^-$, traditional DFT goes to a wrong dissociation limit indicating abnormality, but both HF-DFT and CCSD(T) results need further investigation due to the kinks on the curve.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1970

River water and industrial waste water in Seoul were studied by means of chemical oxygen demand(COD) as an indicator for water pollution, from August 1967 to July 1968. Rivers flowing through residential and industrial areas are badly contaminated and COD of water in Han River increases as it progresses to downstream. Seasonal variation of COD showed that higher value of COD was observed in spring and lower in autumn. It is clear that the seasonal variation of COD is influenced by the precipitation. Close relationship was found between COD and population density. The lowest COD curve obtained by plotting COD values against population density and show that the curve slopes upward. The discontinuation of the curve was shown at the population density of 14,000/km$^2$; an increase in COD was acute over the population density of 14,000/km$^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 1999

An investigation made of the variations of angle of bias on the top of the sleeve cap curve line and calculated easing contraction ratio by capheights(A ; a,h$\times$5,/6) B: A, H/4 +4cm C:A.H/3 D: A.H/ 4+3cm E:AH/4+2cm, F: A,H/4+1cm, G: A,H/4, H:A,H/6, I:A,H/8) and the efects of easing contraction on the cap curve lines of sleeve A, D, G by easing stitch density with the gathering foot: sewing condition-lockstitch industrial machine stitch density(N1.0 ; 38stitches/3cm N1.5: 26stitches/3cm, N2.0 ; 19stitches/3cm, N2.5 ; 14stitches/ 3cm) The results obtained were as follows; 1) The variations of the angle of bias on the top of the sleeve cap curve line by cap heights can be done according to the angle balance (front; $\alpha$-$\beta$ back ; $\alpha$'- $\beta$') between the angle (front ;$\alpha$, $\beta$, back ; $\alpha$'- $\beta$') of bias of the two base-lines. 2) The higher cap height the more higher the calculated easing contraction ratio. 3) The lower the stitch density the higher easing contraction ratio. 4) The effects of easing contraction was that sleeve G was more than sleeve A, D.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1783-1790
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• 1969

It is one of the most economical method of soil stabilization works to compact soil, which increases soil density artificially. Compaction effort is to lessen void of soils, and consequently its aim is to enlarge friction and cohesion force, and reduce permeability of soil. Factors in compaction effort are moisture content, grain size, grain size distribution, physical properties, compaction method and temperature of soils etc. The results obtained in this study on the effects that grain size, gradation and physical properties influence upon compaction effort for 20 samples under the constant compaction method, are summarized as follows: 1. The bigger the maximum dry density is, the smaller the optimum moisture content is, on the other hand, the smaller the maximum dry densityis, the bigger the optimum moisture content is, ingeneral. 2. The coarser the grain size is, the bigger the maximum dry density is, and the optimum moisture content becomes small, and dry density-moisture content curve has the sharp peak, generally. Also, the finer the grain size is the smaller the maximum dry density is, and the optimum moisture content shows the big value, and dry density-moisture content curve has the dull peak. 3. The maximum dry density shows the biggest value on the sample to be about 15% of particles finer than No. 200 sieve. The more the percent passing of No. 10 sieve increase, the smaller the maximum dry density is. Soils which have uniformity coefficient less than 5 in particles larger than 0.074mm hardly show dry density-moisture content curve. 4. There is a relation which is ramax＝2.3948-0.0376 Wopt between the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content, namely, the maximum dry density is increased in proportion to decrease of the optimum moisture content. 5. There are relations to be the straight lines which the maximum dry density decrease, on the other hand, the optimum moisture content increase in accordance with enlargement of Atterberg Limit(LL, PL, PL) in compacted soils.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

In order to design Non-point source management, the aspect of statistical features of the entire precipitation data should be focused since non-point source discharge is driven by continuous rainfall runoffs. 3-parameter mixed exponential probability density function is used to establish urban stormwater capture curve instead of previous single-parameter exponential PDF. Then, recent 10-year data in Busan are applied to establish the curve. The result shows that 3-parameter mixed PDF gives better resolution.