• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.72-111
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• 1996

Background: Group occupational health program by non-for-profit agency, started five years ago, for management of health problems in small and medium sized industries, is one of the measures to cope with limited human and financial resources in occupational health. The program has been rapidly expanding to include 54 participating institutions, private as well as public, all over the country. In spite of its potential impact on health of employees and practice of occupational health in small and medium sized industries, comprehensive evaluation in terms of quality has not been tried. Objectives : The aim of this study are to develop and apply criteria to assess quality of newly developed Korean group occupational health program. Methods : By defining occupational health services, in particular for small and medium sized industries, as one of the primary health care, we included followings as core elements of sound occupational health program; accessibility, continuity, intersectoral collaboration, comprehensiveness, community participation, technical quality, adequacy, focus on preventive services, acceptability, and workers' satisfaction. Again we divided each elements into five major components of national health system infrastructures developed by World Health Organization; development of health resources organized arrangement or resources, delivery of health care, economic support, and management. In turn, we categorized each component into input, process and outcome aspects. After discussions in expert panel, several criteria were selected for evaluation of program. The criteria were modified according to each group of interviewees. Results: We developed five sets of questionnaire that evaluate the quality of 'Group occupational health program'. Conclusion : The refining of the measurement tool and the continuing evaluation process for the 'Group occupational health institute' should be done further.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2913-2921
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• 2012

Introduction: The impact of cervical cancer prevention programs depends on persuading women to go for screening and, if needed, treatment. As part of an evaluation of a pilot project in Indonesia, qualitative research was conducted to explore the factors that influence women's decisions regarding screening and treatment and to generate practical recommendations to increase service coverage and reduce loss to follow up. Methods: Research was conducted at 7 of the 17 public health centers in Karawang District that implemented the pilot project. Interviews and focus group discussions were held with 20 women, 20 husbands, 10 doctors, 18 midwives, 3 district health officials, and 16 advocacy team members. Results: Free services and mobile outreach events encouraged women to go for screening, along with promotional efforts by community health workers, advocacy teams, and the mass media. Knowledge and perceptions were the most important barriers to screening: women were not aware of cervical cancer risks, did not know the disease was treatable, and were fatalistic. Factors facilitating treatment were social support from husbands, relatives, and friends and the encouragement and role modeling of health workers. Barriers to prompt treatment included limited access to services and the requirement for husband's consent for cryotherapy. Conclusion: As cervical cancer prevention services are scaled up throughout Indonesia, the findings suggest three strategies to expand screening coverage and ensure prompt treatment: strengthening community mobilization and advocacy activities, modifying the service delivery model to encourage a single visit approach to screening and treatment, and working to gain men's support.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 1992

Many of the industrialized countries since the 1970s have been experiencing the change in the industrial structure due to technological development, that is, from Fordism to post-Fordism, or to "flexible production system". Regional development has been undergoing some changes according to the different industrial production systems. During the Fordist mass production period, the manufacturing belt was the core region of the production system. As the system shifts to flexible production system of which characteristics are veritcal disintegration, emphasis for JIT(just-in-time) delivery system, part-time and short-time labor contracts, design-intensive industries, etc, the new system requires the new production core and has produced the new industrial spaces, such as Sunbelt cities, suburbs, small-or medium-sized cities, and non-metropolitan areas. In the perspective of global system, the Fordist production system made th NICs developed, because the mass production required many unskilled and low-wage workers. As the NICs exports of manufactured goods have incredibly expanded during the 1970s, the industrialized countries have become threatened. The industriablized countries have restructured their economies and international policies. Such restructures resulted in the economic depression of the NICs. The investment pattern of the industrialized countries has changed and particularly those industries adopting the Post-Fordism have invested from the NICs to the peripheral areas of their own countries or toward the underdeveloped countries which have much lower wage workers. The investment pattern of the NICs is also undergoing some changes like from metropolitian areas to small or non-metropolitan regions. The regional development since the post-Fordist production is still going on, thus it is not possible to generalize the tendency. That could be a particular phenomenon or a stage in the long-term cycle. But the regional development in the world system since 1980s definitely shows the different pattern.t pattern.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

The prevention of safety accidents can be achieved through Harvey's 3E's: Engineering, Enforcement, and Education. On construction sites, however, enforcement and engineering did not prove to be valid ways of reducing the number of safety accidents, as enforcement and engineering have failed to overcome and/or supplement the realistic limits regarding the relatively lower education levels of construction workers and the communication issues with foreign workers. On the other hand, safety education can enable the advancement of safety management by enhancing the educational contents and their methods of delivery. To improve the efficiency of safety education via educational contents, this research conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis on the validity of the newly educational contents by overviewing possible accident types in different work phases. Of the accident types identified by the qualitative analysis, neither highly important nor insignificant accident types were found, yet all the suggested types are found to be required. In addition, this study did not find any significant differences in the occurrence probability of safety accidents related to the level of importance of each type of accident. The qualitative analysis in this research verified that the suggested accident types can be valid, educational material that can take into account future safety accidents.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.6
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• pp.5-18
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• 1999

This study was attempt to encourage for developing on rehabilitation delivery system and programs as a substitute service instead of hospitalization for accident patients at work, such as hospital based home health care nursing service. It needs vary substitutes service of hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients who were hospitalized with workers compensation insurance. It focused on developing an estimation of early discharge day of accident inpatients based on a detail statement of treatment for 115 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has four specific purpose as follows. First, to find out the status of health service utilization. Second, to estimate the early discharge days and income increasing effect based on the early discharge for those patients. Third, to identify the factors to affect total medical expenditure and the length of stay for those inpatients. Forth, to figure out the need of utilizing home health care nursing service for accident patients. In order to analyze of the length of stay and medical expenditure for inpatients who were hospitalized due to the accident, the authors conducted with micro-analysis and macroanalysis from medical records and medical expenditure records. Micro-analysis was done by nominal group discussion of 4 expertise with the critical criteria. such as a decrease in the amount of treatment after surgery, treatments, tests, drugs and changes in the tests consistency, drug methods, vital signs, start of ROM exercise, doctor's order, patient's outside visiting ability, stable conditions. In addition to identify affected variables for medical expenditure. the length of stay and income effect due to early discharge day, the data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis model by SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program. Results of this study as follows. First, the mean length of stay was 37.1 days, whereas the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 28.2 days at the hospital. The estimation of early discharge days were shown that depends on the length of stay. The longer length of stay, the longer length of early discharge days, such as under 7 days length of stay patients was to estimated the mean length of stay was 4.9 days and early discharge days was 4.6. whereas the mean length of stay was 122.6 days and early discharge days was 92.0 respectively. The mean medical expenditure per day were found to be 133.409 Won. whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown negative linear trends according to the length of stay at the hospital. The estimation results of the income effect due to 11 early discharge days per bed was around 2,150,000 won. However, it means not the real benefits from early discharge, but the income increasing amount without considering medical prime cost in general hospital. Therefore, it needs further analysis on the cost containments and benefits under the considering as well turn over rates per bed as the medical prime costs. The length of stay was most significant and the sign was positive to the total medical expenditure, as expected. Surgery and patient's residential area also an important variable in explaining medical expenditure. The level of complications was most significant variable in explaining the length of stay. The level of the needs on horne health care nursing service which can be used for early discharge accident patients were shown very high. The needs distribution varied from 65.5% of patients and 88.9% of caregivers, to 96.4% of doctors, and 99.1% of nurses. In addition horne health nurse responded that they can be managed the accident inpatients from early discharge. From these research findings. the following suggestions has been drawn it needs to develop strategies on rehabilitation delivery system in order to focused on consumer's side which is planned for 21 century health policy in Korea. Vary intermediate facilities and horne health care would have been developed in the community based for comprehensive rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization for shortening the length of stay of hospitalizations. In hospital based horne health care nursing service, it's available immediately to utilize for the patients who wanted rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization under the cooperations with workers compensation insurance company.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.285-310
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to verify qualitatively and quantitatively practitioners' perceptions of functions and roles of community child center which plays a pivotal role in afterschool care in Korea. To achieve its purposes, we investigate environments, services, workers, service users, and delivery systems of community child center. As a result, 4 types of perception of community child center(service integration-oriented type focusing on professional workers, care-oriented type based on child care center's physical environment, delivering service-oriented type working in collaboration with schools, and individual case management-oriented type) were examined. These results were also classified into two categories. One focused on the importance of workers and supports for service environments. The other focused more on the functions of community child center to find commonality and originality in other afterschool care systems. This study can be valuable in understanding practitioners' different perception on functions and roles of community child center which have not yet been confirmed statistically. The results allow us to apply diverse practitioners' perceptions to the practice, and to elicit discussions regarding improved practice directions for managing community child center. It also can provide useful baseline data in policy decisions and enforcement.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2011

Nowadays, automobile manufacturers are faced with increasing global competition which is required low cost as well as high quality. To reduce shipping and handling cost and delivery time, lots of automobile manufactures tried to build their new factory in the neighborhood of market. Simultaneously, many factories are under construction in developing countries to make efficient use of low-wage workers. However, because systems are installed in developing countries as the same type of domestic facilities, systems have lots of problems such as high installation cost and inefficient use of manpower. To find core problems and generate optimal solution of these problems, thinking process of TOC(Theory Of Constrains) is used. In case of transmission gear machining system, semi-auto system is proposed as the best solution to increase manpower efficiency and system utilization. Semi-auto system consists of automatic machining process and manual transporting process. The system layout is generated based on semi-auto process concept. And, 3D simulation method using QUEST is used to verify production volume of generated system.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.536-552
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how homeless shelter worker and public health nurses perceive health status and health care of homeless shelter residents (HSRs). Methods: Data collected through focus group interviews. In Focus group, in-depth discussions were between 150 to 160 minutes. Data analyzed using Krueger (1998) step analysis. Participants were seven experienced clinical social workers, nurses working homeless shelters, and public health center nurses for dosshouse people. Results: The results were 4 themes and 15 sub-themes: Characteristics of HSRs, perception of health and health problem of HSRs (alcohol related disease, hypertension Diabetics, gastro-intestinal disease, dental disease and infectios disease such as Tuberculosis, musculo-skeletal disease, prostate problem), health care status of HSRs(insufficient health care service, discrimination of medical staff, lack of health care management, low satisfaction community health care services), and the health care proposal of HSRs(nurse in homeless shelter, integrated health care system, understanding of homeless) Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, health care programs focusing on understanding of HSRs and chronic diseases of HSRs increasing steadily although the management system is limited. Therefore, more systemized health care plan and health referral system for homeless people.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1498-1507
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to : a) examine the current foodservice management practices of twenty-one seniors centers in charge of hoke-delivered meal programs, b) evaluate the attitudes of one hundred and ten recipients of meal service program, and c) provide feedback for the efficient and effective foodservice management for the elderly. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, T-test, and ANOVA. The results of quantitative analysis indicated that the costs of meals, containers and special foods were mostly dependent on the support from local government(Seoul city). The centers where the volunteers were over seventy five p ercent of the workers were frtty-eight percent and sixty-seven percent of the subjects in food preparation and food delivery to the homebound clients, respectively. Meal preparation and food purchasing were mainly practiced by social welfare worker. Standardized recipes were not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the cook' and volunteers' experiences. The survey results of recipients who participated the home-delivered meals program showed that the mean of meal satisfaction score was rated over three point five in the five-point scale. There were significant differences between dependent variables(volunteer's kindness, plate waste, menu variety) and independent variables(sex, receiving periods and family type of the subjects). (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1498-1507, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to provide data in order to develop effective family planning programs by analyzing the factors which affect contraceptive use among women in Ethiopia. Methods: The community health survey was conducted on women of childbearing age. The research model was developed based on Andersen's Model. A total of 320 respondents were analyzed through Chi-square analysis, t-tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: Contraceptive prevalence rate was 43.1% and most of them were using modern and short-term methods. Among three factor categories, the need factor(unwanted pregnancy experience) was revealed as the most important factor, following enabling factor which was knowing the FP services in health center. Conclusions: These results lead to several conclusions. First, the results imply that programs should focus on women who are in the over 30yr. as well as the poorer economic group and urban residents. Second, to improve the effectiveness of the program, it is important to help them to be motivated themselves and to promote knowledge on various methods. Third, in terms of service delivery, community health workers are expected to take a crucial role. To improve the availability of services, they should provide practical services as those in health center.