• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

This paper presents an overview of automotive communication technologies, including related technology developments. We describe the latency of Audio Video Bridge (AVB) network as well as purpose the optimized design of the Ethernet network system for automotive. Our design plays a significant role in reducing the delay between components. The proposed approach on realistic test cases showed that there was a delay reduction, approximately 49.4%. It is expected that the optimization method for the actual automotive environment can greatly shorten the time period in the design and development process. The results obtained from the experiments on the delay time present in each function are reliable because average values are obtained through repeated actual tests for several months. It will greatly benefit the industry since analyzing the latency between each function in a short period of time is very important.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2003

Internet roundtrip delay/time (RTT) prediction plays an important role in detecting packet losses in reliable transport protocols for traditional web applications and determining proper transmission rates in many rate-based TCP-friendly protocols for Internet-based real-time applications. The widely adopted autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) model with fixed-parameters is shown to be insufficient for all scenarios due to its intrinsic limitation that it filters out all high-frequency components of RTT dynamics. In this paper, we introduce a novel parameter-varying RTT model for Internet roundtrip time prediction based on the information theory and the maximum entropy principle (MEP). Since the coefficients of the proposed RTT model are updated dynamically, the model is adaptive and it tracks RTT dynamics rapidly. The results of our experiments show that the MEP algorithm works better than the ARMA method in both RTT prediction and RTO estimation.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2024

In response to the current situation where general methods cannot effectively compensate for the phase delay of ordinary optical mixers, a multi-layer spatial beam-splitting optical mixer is designed using total reflection triangular prisms and polarization beam splittings. The phase delay is generated by the wave plate, and the mixer can use the existing parallel plates in the structure to individually compensate for the phase of the four output beams. A mixer model is established based on the structure, and the influence of the position and orientation of the optical components on the phase delay is analyzed. The feasibility of the phase compensation method is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the mixer can effectively compensate for the four outputs of the optical mixer over a wide range. The mixer has a compact structure, good performance, and significant advantages in phase error control, production, and tuning, making it suitable for free-space coherent optical communication systems.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2024

Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a diversity scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity and thus avoiding intersymbol interference without entailing the receiver to be aware of the transmission strategy making the signal more reliable achieving full diversity gain in cooperative systems. Here the analyzation of the influence of CDD-SC scheme in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is done with the challenge of overcoming the complication called channel estimation along with overhead in CNR. More specifically, the closed-form expressions for outage probability and symbol error rate are divided under different frequencies among independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) frequency selective fading channel model i.e., the signal is divided into different frequencies and transmitted among several narrow band channels of different characteristics. It is useful in the reduction of interference and crosstalk. The results reveal the diversity order of the proposed system to be mainly affected by the number of multipath components that are available in the CNR.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients is delay in seeking help. Leventhal's self-regulation model provides an appropriate framework to assess delay in seeking help. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between "illness perception" and "help seeking delay" in breast cancer patients based on Leventhal's self-regulation model. In this correlational descriptive study with convenience sampling conducted in 2013, participants were 120 women with breast cancer who were diagnosed in the last year and referred to chemotherapy and radiotherapy centers in Rasht, Iran. Data collection scales included demographic data, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)and a researcher made questionnaire to measure the delay in seeking help. Pre-hospital delay (help seeking delay) was evaluated in 3 phases (assessment, disease, behavior). The data were analyzed using SPSS-19. The mean (SD) age calculated for the patients was $47.3{\pm}10.2$. Some 43% of the patients had a high school or higher education level and 82% were married. The "pre-hospital delay" was reported ${\geq}3months$. Logistic regression analysis showed that none of the illness perception components were correlated with appraisal and behavioral delay phases. In the illness delay phase, "time line" (p-value =0.04) and "risk factors"(p-value=0.03) had significant effects on reducing and "psychological attributions" had significant effects on increasing the delay (p-value =0.01). "Illness coherence" was correlated with decreased pre-hospital patient delay (p-value<0.01). Women's perceptions of breast cancer influences delay in seeking help. In addition to verifying the validity of Leventhal's self-regulation model in explaining delay in seeking help, the results signify the importance of the "illness delay phase" (decision to seek help) and educational interventions-counseling for women in the community.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.236-247
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• 2002

ATM망에서 큐 서비스 방식에서는 상위 프레임과 하위 프레임을 따로 정의하여 대역폭 할당과 전송 지연 보장을 분리할 수 있기 때문에 종단간 전송한계에서 QoS를 보장 할 수 있는 단순화한 큐 서비스 구현을 제안하였다. 제안한 큐 서비스 방식은 실시간 트래픽과 비실시간 트래픽을 나누어 저장하기 때문 에 연결별 트래픽 조절기 없이도 지연 지터 특성이 개선되었다. 제안된 큐 서비스 방식을 이용하여 연결 수락 제어는 트래픽 왜곡의 영향을 계산할 수 없는 트래픽 왜곡의 영향이 실재로 존재한다는 가정 하에 트래픽 왜곡에 대한 영향에 종단간 지연을 보장함으로 서 연결 수락 가능 범위를 다양한 프레임의 길이에 대해 나타내었으며, 프레임의 길이가 클수록 제안된 큐 서비스 방식의 연결 수 락 범위가 지연 EDD방식과 비교해서 많은 차이를 보이지만 프레임의 길이를 점차 줄여갈수록 연결 수락 가능 범위가 지연 EDD 방식에 근접함을 나타내었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2009

장기 저장된 탄약은 화공품의 노화에 따른 절심현상(연소 중단)으로 인해 불발 등의 악작용이 발생하게 된다. 탄약에 주로 사용되는 화공품은 초기 에너지를 부여하는 뇌관 화약과 뇌관 화약의 에너지를 받아 지연제를 점화시켜주는 점화제, 일정 시간 동안 연소를 지연시켜주는 지연제 등을 사용한다. 이러한 형태의 탄약에는 뇌관화약, 점화제, 지연제의 순으로 충전되는데 충전된 순서대로 에너지가 전달되어 기능을 발휘하게 된다. 탄약의 절심 현상은 점화제의 연소중단, 점화제로부터 지연제로의 불충분한 에너지 전달, 지연제의 연소 중단 등에 의해 발생하는데, 이러한 현상이 나타나는 요인으로는 각 구성 성분의 낮은 순도,부적절한 혼합비, 입자성 성분의 입자 크기 및 분포, 바인더의 종류, 각 구성 성분의 혼합방법, 장기저장시 흡입된 수분에 의한 구성성분의 가수분해 및 고온에 의한 구성 성분의 화학적 변화 등이 의심된다. 본 연구의 목적은 Zr-Ni계 지연관 결합체를 장기 보관했을 때 점화제 및 지연제에서 나타나는 연소중단현상의 원인을 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 현장에서 일어나는 절심현상과 일치하는 시험법을 개발하였고, 장-흐름 분획법(field-flow fractionation, FFF)을 이용하여 입자성 성분의 입자 크기와 분포를 조사하였으며, 장기보관에 의한 점화제와 지연제의 화학적인 변화 메커니즘을 조사하기 위하여 열분석(differential scanning calorimetry) 및 XRD, XPS (X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy)분석을 수행하였다. XPS 와 XRD data 에 의하면, 점화제의 경우 산소의 1s 결합에너지 위치에서 M-O,M-OH 피크들이 관찰되었다. 이는 산화에 의한 새로운 생성물이 생성되었음을 의미한다. 즉 점화제의 산화에 의해 방출 열량이 감소하여 절심(연소 중단) 현상이 야기된다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2004

본 논문은, 각 채널이 여파기와 군지연 등화기로 구성되는, 위성용 다중채널 입력 멀티플렉서에서 사용되는 군지연-등화되는 여파기의, Simulated Annealing(SA) 기법과 Conjugate Gradient(CG) 기법의 새로운 결합형 설계 방식에 의한 구현을 기술한다. SA기법은 8차 타원적분형 여파기, CG기법은 2극 등화기 각각의 회로 설계변수들의 값을 찾아내는데 이용된다. 측정결과는 설계된 부품의 spec.에 대하여 성능이 만족함과 설계기법의 타당성을 나타낸다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 영구자석형 동기 전동기 고정자의 상 권선 인덕턴스에 의하여 지연되는 정현과 서류 지연 성분을 보상함으로써 전동기 발생 토크 특성을 개선하는 방법과 구현 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 축 변환을 사용하지 않기 때문에 하드와이어드 로직에 의하여 구현함으로써 구현이 간단하고 축 변환에 의한 지연을 제거할 수 있다. 특히, 고정자 상 권선 인덕턴스에 의한 지연성분은 전동기 회전 속도에 따라 변화하며, 본 논문에서 제시한 방법을 이용하면 전동기 회전 속도에 따른 동적인 보상을 할 수 있다. 존 논문에서 제시한 방법의 효과를 입증하기 위하여 4극 3상 영구자석형 동기 전동기를 대상으로 실험을 행하였으며, 실험결과 모든 운전 속도에서 발생 토크가 증가함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.863-870
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• 2018

The traditional power control theories for the harmonic reduction methods in multilevel inverters are found to be unreliable under unbalanced load conditions. The unreliability in harmonic mitigation is caused by voltage fluctuations, non-linear loads, the use of power switches, etc. In general, the harmonics are reduced by filters. However, such devices are an expensive way to provide a smooth and fast response to secure power systems during dynamic conditions. Hence, the Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DDSRF) theory combined with a State Delay Controller (SDC) is proposed to achieve a harmonic reduction in power systems. The DDSRF produces a sinusoidal harmonic that is the opposite of the load harmonic. Then, it injects this harmonic into power systems, which reduces the effect of harmonics. The SDC is used to reduce the delay between the compensation time for power injection and the generation of a reference signal. The proposed technique has been simulated using MATLAB and its reliability has been verified experimentally under unbalanced conditions.