• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

최근 들어 철근 부식, 콘크리트 포장표면의 박리파손, 환경 피해 등 염화물계 제설제의 사용에 따른 각종 피해가 보고되고 있으며, 이를 위해 대체 제설제의 개발을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 개발된 제설제의 성능평가에 대한 연구는 대부분 실내실험을 위주로 한 기초적이고 제한적인 성능평가에 의존하고 있는 선정이다. 특히 제설제의 융빙성능은 제설제가 갖추어야 할 기본적인 성능으로, 합리적이고 체계적인 평가방법을 통한 융빙성능의 평가가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구를 바탕으로 보다 구체적이고 현실적인 융빙성능 평가방법을 수립하였으며 그 절차에 따라 본 연구진에 의해 개발된 저염화물계 친환경 제설제인 EFD(Eco Friendly Deicer)의 융빙성능을 평가 및 검증하였다. 실내실험 결과, EFD는 국내 고속도로에서 사용 중인 습염식 제설제와 대등한 수준의 초기 융빙성능을 나타냈으며 2회의 현장살포 실험을 통해 EFD의 융빙성능을 검토한 결과, 전체적인 융빙성능이 습염식 제설제의 융빙 성능에 비해 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

겨울철 제설제 사용이 증가함에 따라 제설제가 사용된 고속도로변의 농작물에 대한 피해사례가 증가하고 있다. 국내 다양한 제설제가 제설목적으로 사용되고 있지만 작물에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내에서 사용되는 6종의 제설제가 유채의 출아에 미치는 영향을 비교하여 작물에 미치는 제설제의 영향을 비교 평가하고자 수행되었다. NaCl, CaCl2 또는 MgCl2으로 구성된 5개의 염화물계 제설제와 1개의 비염화물계 제설제(SM-3)를 유채 파종 직후 6 처리농도(0. 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mM)로 처리한 후 출아개체수를 조사하였다. 유채의 출아는 제설제 종류에 관계없이 제설제 농도가 증가함에 따라 현저히 감소하였는데 비염화물계 보다 염화물계 제설제 처리구에서 높은 출아억제가 확인되었다. 제설제 농도에 따른 출아율을 log-logistic 모델에 적용하여 비선형회귀 분석을 실시한 결과 50% 출아를 억제하는 농도인 GR50값이 비염화물계인 SM-3는 47.1 mM이고, 염화물계 제설제는 30.7 mM (PC-10)에서 37.5 mM (ES-1)로 비염화물계 제설제와 염화물계 제설제간 9.6 mM ~ 16.4 mM의 차이를 보였으나 염화물계 제설제간 차이는 크지 않음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 유채의 출아 특성 평가가 작물에 대한 제설제의 잠재적 피해를 예측할 수 있는 유용한 평가방법임을 시사한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.782-788
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• 2003

Making deicing countermeasure plan against snow accretion on power line is a very complicated problem, which should take into account both the possibility of accidents due to snow accretion on power line and the stable operation of power system. As knowledge engineering can be a good solution to this field of problems, a prototype expert system to assist power system operators in forecasting snow accretion on power lines and making a list of all the feasible and effective deicing countermeasures has been developed. The system has been remodelled into a fuzzy expert system by adopting fuzzy rulebase and fuzzy inference method to systematically process the fuzziness included in the heuristic knowledges. Simulation results based on the past snow accretion accident data show that the proposed system is very promising.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

This study describes the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) certification policy for approving the use of Type II, III, and IV deicing/anti-icing fluids on small category airplanes. These fluids can be characterized as non-Newtonian, pseudo-plastic fluids, also known as "thickened" fluids. Deicing fluids are used before takeoff to remove frost or ice contamination, while anti-icing fluids are used before takeoff to prevent frost or ice contamination from occurring for a period of time(referred to as "holdover time") after application. Thickened deicing/anti-icing fluids can affect airplane performance and handling characteristics and their residue may cause stiff or frozen flight controls. This study also describes an approval process that may be used by type certificate holders and applicants for a type certificate under parts 23 to support operational use of these fluids on their airplanes.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2005

Deicing salt has been generally used for traffic safety in winter, and the amount is increasing every year. However, deicing salt may induce the decrease of bond strength, surface scaling, and environmental pollution, etc. the purpose of this paper is to suggest the fundamental data on safety and durability for concrete structures through the estimation of chloride concentration profile and chloride diffusion coefficient. According to the test results, the critical chloride concentration($0.9\~1.2kg/m^3$)was measured at depth $23\~30mm$, and the limit chloride concentration($0.3kg/m^3$)was reached to depth 40mm. Also the surface chloride amount indicates 3.45kg per concrete unit weight, and the results showed the possibility of corrosion by deicing salt penetration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.375-378
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• 2005

In this study, calcium chloride($CaCl_2$), sodium chloride (NaCl), organic acids-containing deicer(NS 40, NS 100), mixed deicier($NaCl\;70\%\;+\;CaCl_{2}\;30\%,\;NS\;40\;70\%\;+\;CaCl_{2}\;30\%,\;NaCl\;70\%\;+\;NS\;40\;30\%,\;NS\;40\;70\%\;+\;NaCl\;30\%$) is investigated based on the laboratory test for freez-thaw resistance of concrete and corrosion of metal. As a test results, in case of the use chloride-containing deicier in area that concrete structures has subjected to freez-thaw reaction in winter season, it showed desirable method that use deicing chemicals mixed with optimum ratio rather than use one deicing chemicals when is consider to deicing performance and effects, corrosion of steel materials, freez-thaw resistance of concrete. When use various deicing chemicals mixed, NS40($70\%$)+Calcium chloride($30\%$) showed the best effective method.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.226-229
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• 2006

Use of deicing chemicals has been and will continue to be a major part of highway snow and ice control methods. Chloride-containing chemicals such as calcium chloride or rock salt are main deicers for the road. Extensive use of chloride deicers is, however, not only the source of substantial cost penalties due to their corrosive action and ability to deterioration roadway surface materials but also the source of environmental damages. Finding the deicing chloride agents impacts on the environment and develop the minimizing strategies, we evaluated that chloride deicing agents influence on highway roadside soil and establish the optimun strategies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2016

콘크리트는 경제적이며 고내구성 건설재료이지만, 염해에 노출된 경우 매립된 철근의 부식으로 인해 내구성에 대한 문제가 발생한다. 최근 들어 동절기에 제설제가 많이 사용되고 있는데, 제설제의 사용은 콘크리트 표면에 미세균열과 박리를 증가시키고 용해된 제설제는 매립된 철근의 부식을 야기한다. 기존의 염화물 지배방정식인 Fick's 2nd Law의 해석기법은 표면이 열화된 콘크리트의 염해특성을 평가하지 못하므로 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 다층구조 확산 모델과 시간의존성 염화물 확산을 이용하여 제설제에 노출된 콘크리트의 염화물 해석기법을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 18년 경과된 콘크리트 도로교의 염해실태를 분석하였으며, 역해석을 통하여 표면열화깊이 및 열화된 콘크리트 층의 증가된 염화물 확산성을 평가하였다. 제안된 기법은 30MPa 콘크리트에서 12.5~15.0mm 열화깊이와 2배 증가된 열화층의 염화물 확산성을 나타내었다. 본 해석기법은 표면열화 및 표면 강화 등 2개의 다른 확산성을 가진 콘크리트의 염화물 거동을 평가하는데 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of vegetation mat on plant growth and salt reduction in the soil treated with high concentration deicing salt. In order to measure soil chemical characteristics and plant growth, three native groundcover plants (Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Dendranthema boreale, and Kalimeris yomena) were grown in each of the three plastic containers (50.0 cm width × 35.0 cm length × 8.5 cm deep) with a high concentration treatment of calcium chloride deicing salt. There were two treatments: control, and BVM that combines B (blanket) and VM (vegetation mat). 1,600 g of soil was placed on the top of the drainage layer with 290 g of perlite, 100 seeds each of the three native plants with three repetitions were sowed, and 10 g/L of calcium chloride deicing salt was added in the treatment. As a result of the chemical properties of soil, soil in control treatment was acidic and soil electrical conductivity in BVM was the lowest. Also, exchangeable cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺) in soil and all the three plants were significantly decreased in the BVM treatment. Meanwhile, the germination rate of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was the highest under high concentration deicing salt in compared to the two plants. Overall, three native groundcover plant growth was higher in the BVM than control treatment significantly. These results suggest that the treatment of blanket vegetation mat has a positive effect on soil and plant growth in soil damaged by deicing salt.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2020

Background and objects: Soil contamination caused by CaCl₂ that is used to deice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of damage of roadside plants. The aim of this study is to identify the salt mitigation effects of planting Chrysanthemum zawadskii and using a soil conditioner. Methods: The study was conducted at the site where Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was planted on the roadside between Konkuk University Sageori and Danwol Samgeori located in Chungju-si. We classified the soils collected from the field experimental site according to the degree of the damage caused by deicing agents and divided the site into six blocks of three 80 × 80 cm plots replicated by treatment type. Three selected plots were treated with loess-balls on the soil surface (high salinity with loess-balls, medium salinity with loess-balls, low salinity with loess-balls) and three were left as an untreated control (H = high salinity, M = medium salinity, L = low salinity). The soil properties were measured including pH, EC and exchangeable cations as well as the growth of Chrysanthemum zawadskiia. Results: In the results of soil analysis, pH before planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was 6.39-6.74 and in September, five months after planting, the acidity was reduced to 5.43-5.89. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured to be H > M > L with the higher degree of damage by deicing agents. The analysis of deicing exchangeable cations showed that the content of Ca²⁺ of soils were significantly correlated to deicing exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺) in the shoot part of Chrysanthemum zawadskii. The loess-ball treatment showed a lower content of deicing exchangeable cations than the treatment where Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was planted. Conclusion: In this study, the use of a new system made of loess-balls is proposed as a soil conditioner to protect soils from the adverse effects of road deicing salts. These data suggest that treatment of soil conditioners and planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia are effective in mitigation of salt stress on the soils damaged by deicing agents.