• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.105-118
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• 2017

The debris slope landforms which are existent in Korean mountains is generally on the steep slopes and mostly covered by vegetation, it is difficult to investigate the landform. Therefore a scientific method is required to come up with an effective field investigation plan. For this purpose, the use of Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for a spatial analysis is essential. This study has extracted the potential area of debrisslope landform formation using Fuzzy set and Bayesian Predictive Discriminate Model as mathematical data integration methods. The first step was to obtain information about debris locations and their related factors. This information was verified through field investigation and then used to build a database. In the second step, the map that zoning the study area based on the degree of debris formation possibility was generated using two modeling methods, and then cross validation technique was applied. In order to quantitatively analyze the accuracy of two modeling methods, the calculated potential rate of debrisformation within the study area was evaluated by plotting SRC(Success Rate Curve) and calculating AUC(Area Under the Curve). As a result, the prediction accuracy of Fuzzy set model wes 83.1% and Bayesian Predictive Discriminate Model wes 84.9%. It showed that two models are accurate and reliable and can contribute to efficient field investigation and debris landform management.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.337-342
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• 2016

A marine SCR System is emerging as an alternative to comply with NOx Tier III Emission standards, a restriction on greenhouse gas from vessels implemented by the International Maritime Organization. The system is greatly affected by the uniformity of the fluid flowing into the catalyst, so the performance of the catalyst of an SCR system needs to be guaranteed. This study conducted research on a mixed evaporator of an SCR system, which is one of the factors affecting the uniformity of the fluid. When the angle of the mixed evaporator is set to $90^{\circ}$, the fluid uniformity is at its highest at 83%, under the condition that the length of the mixed evaporator be 3.5 D. When the length was 3.5 D and less, the fluid uniformity had a tendency to improve relative to the case without a bent pipe. However, a longer mixed evaporator results in a more perfect liquidity development in the pipe with a liquidity distribution similar to the case where no curved pipe is formed in front of the catalyst. A lower angle for the mixed evaporator results in a lower flow uniformity, and a longer length of the mixed evaporator results in a lower difference in the flow uniformity caused by the angle. The flow uniformity can be improved by 6% with a mixed evaporator, which confirmed that all factors applied to an SCR system have a close relationship with the efficiency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.925-936
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• 2020

To ascertain the characteristics of pool sloshing behavior that might be encountered during a core disruptive accident of sodium-cooled fast reactors, in our earlier work several series of experiments were conducted under various scenarios including the condition with mono-sized solid particles. It is found that under the particle-bed condition, three typical flow regimes (namely the bubble-impulsion dominant regime, the transitional regime and the bed-inertia dominant regime) could be identified and a flow-regime model (base model) has been even successfully established to estimate the regime transition. In this study, aimed to further understand this behavior at more realistic particle-bed conditions, a series of simulated experiments is newly carried out using mixed-size particles. Through analyses, it is verified that for present scenario, by applying the area mean diameter, our previously-developed base model can provide the most appropriate predictive results among the various effective diameters. To predict the regime transition with a form of extension scheme, a correction factor which is based on the volume-mean diameter and the degree of convergence in particle-size distribution is suggested and validated. The conducted analyses in this work also indicate that under certain conditions, the potential separation between different particle components might exist during the sloshing process.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.101-114
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze the degree of consumers' expectations for their performance and efforts in using overseas direct purchase, impact of overseas direct purchase on the society, and effect of price value to their intention to use overseas direct purchase in the future. In addition, the significance of overseas direct purchase on the user-perceived availability is empirically analyzed. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and price value showed significantly positive effect on the intention to use overseas direct purchase in the future. With respect to the perceived availability in using overseas direct purchase, it was found out that effort expectancy and price value had significantly positive effect; however, it appeared that performance expectancy and social influence had no significant effect on the perceived availability of the users.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2021

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans due to trace metals. Livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer is a well-established approach for the stabilization of nutrients and the reduction of pathogens and odors in manures, which can be evaluated as compost·liquefied. In this study, the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers produced at 333 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected from May to December 2019. The nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content were investigated. The livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was measured using a mechanical maturity measurement device. The organic matter, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, E. coli (O157:H7), Salmonella, etc. of the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers were analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was as follows: Cr 2.9 mg/kg (0.2~8.7 mg/kg), Cu 20.4 mg/kg (1.6~74.1 mg/kg), Ni 1.3 mg/kg (0.4~4.2 mg/kg), and Zn 79.8 mg/kg (3.0~340.7 mg/kg). Although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to standardize livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into useful resources.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.61-75
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• 2021

This study aims to assess the changes in crop water requirement of paddy and upland according to future climate and land use changes scenarios. Changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and precipitation are factors that lower the stability of agricultural water supply, and predicting the changes in crop water requirement in consideration of climate change can prevent the waste of limited water resources. Meanwhile, due to the recent changes in the agricultural product consumption structure, the area of paddy and upland has been changing, and it is necessary to consider future land use changes in establishing an appropriate water use plan. Climate change scenarios were derived from the four GCMs of the CMIP6, and climate data were extracted under two future scenarios, namely SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. Future land use changes were predicted using the FLUS (Future Land Use Simulation) model. Crop water requirement in paddy was calculated as the sum of evapotranspiration and infiltration based on the water balance in a paddy field, and crop water requirement in upland was estimated as the evapotranspiration value by applying Penman-Monteith method. It was found that the crop water requirement for both paddy and upland increased as we go to the far future, and the degree of increase and variability by time showed different results for each GCM. The results derived from this study can be used as basic data to develop sustainable water resource management techniques considering future watershed environmental changes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

The present study was conducted to accomplish management efficiency by preparing preemptive measures for consumer dissatisfaction and overcome risks caused by Global Warming through studies of model cases in packaging. Through this study, we made it possible to find a way for companies to prepare for Global warming and consumer dissatisfaction. By contributing to eco-friendly packaging, we are trying to preemptively respond to recent major issues through packaging. Through this experiment, we tried to measure the degree of penetration of Plodia interpunctella H. larva into the insect repellent film produced by printing Ink containing a natural repellent. The control experiment was conducted with an untreated LDPE film to which no insect repellent was applied. The numbers decreased from 17 to 7 when the film was processed with repellent to show experimental results verifying effects of repellent by decrease in 10 (58.8% Decrease). Such results show that it is safe when the film is unfolded but in the case where the film is folded, the Plodia interpunctella H. punches through the film to lead to consumer dissatisfaction and it suggests that this can bring on risks to corporate management. Considering that most of the film is folded in the case of PE bag packaging, the direction which the corporations should take in terms of preparing for climate change countermeasures and consumer dissatisfaction has been clarified. Due to it receiving satisfactory results in safety rest results for printing film applied with pest repellent as well as the Quality analysis to test repellent contents of repellent film, it is certain that the importance of repellent method in packaging will increase in preparing for consumer dissatisfaction and actions against climate change henceforth.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to map gene/QTL for photoblastism in a weedy rice (photoblastic rice: PBR) using DNA markers. Light-induced effect on germination of seeds was compared among three accessions (Oryza sativa L.), PBR, Milyang 23 and Ilpum. Results showed that PBR seeds started to show photoblastism during seed development, different from Ilpum and Milyang 23. Frequency distribution of germination in the F4 lines from crosses between Ilpum and PBR and, Milyang 23 and PBR revealed bimodal distributions suggesting that photoblastism was controlled by a few genes. Bulked segregant analysis using $F_4$ populations derived from the above two crosses was conducted to identify gene/QTL for photoblastism. Two QTL were identified on chromosomes 1 and 12 explaining 11.2 and 12.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two QTL were further mapped between two SSR markers, RM8260 and RM246 on chromosome 1, and between RM270 and 1103 on chromosome 12. It is noteworthy that two QTL for photoblastism were colocalized with the QTL for seed dormancy reported in the previous QTL studies. The clustering of two genes for photoblastism and dormancy possibly indicates that these regions constitute rice phytochrome gene clusters related to germination. Because PBR has a low degree of dormancy, a pleiotropic effect of a single gene controlling dormancy and photoblastism can be ruled out. The linked markers will provide the foundation for positional cloning of the gene.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.617-631
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• 2019

In the four-step demand model, a gravity mode is used most commonly at the trip distribution stage. The purpose of this study was to develop a new friction factor that can express the accessibility property as a single friction factor to compensate for the variable limits of the gravity model parameters (travel time, travel cost). To derive a new friction factor, a new friction factor was derived using the space syntax that can quantify the characteristics of the urban space structure, deriving the link-unit integration degree and then using the travel time and travel distance relationship. Calibration of the derived friction factor resulted in a similar level to that of the existing friction factor. As a result of verifying the various indicators, the explanatory power was found to be excellent in the short - and long - distance range. Therefore, it is possible to derive and apply the new friction factor using the integration index, which can complement the accessibility beyond the limit of the existing shortest distance, and it is believed to be more advantageous in future utilization.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-328
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• 2019

Comprehensive understanding of the flood risk assessments via frequency analysis often demands multivariate designs under the different notations of return periods. Flood is a tri-variate random consequence, which often pointing the unreliability of univariate return period and demands for the joint dependency construction by accounting its multiple intercorrelated flood vectors i.e., flood peak, volume & durations. Selecting the most parsimonious probability functions for demonstrating univariate flood marginals distributions is often a mandatory pre-processing desire before the establishment of joint dependency. Especially under copulas methodology, which often allows the practitioner to model univariate marginals separately from their joint constructions. Parametric density approximations often hypothesized that the random samples must follow some specific or predefine probability density functions, which usually defines different estimates especially in the tail of distributions. Concentrations of the upper tail often seem interesting during flood modelling also, no evidence exhibited in favours of any fixed distributions, which often characterized through the trial and error procedure based on goodness-of-fit measures. On another side, model performance evaluations and selections of best-fitted distributions often demand precise investigations via comparing the relative sample reproducing capabilities otherwise, inconsistencies might reveal uncertainty. Also, the strength & weakness of different fitness statistics usually vary and having different extent during demonstrating gaps and dispensary among fitted distributions. In this literature, selections efforts of marginal distributions of flood variables are incorporated by employing an interactive set of parametric functions for event-based (or Block annual maxima) samples over the 50-years continuously-distributed streamflow characteristics for the Kelantan River basin at Gulliemard Bridge, Malaysia. Model fitness criteria are examined based on the degree of agreements between cumulative empirical and theoretical probabilities. Both the analytical as well as graphically visual inspections are undertaken to strengthen much decisive evidence in favour of best-fitted probability density.