• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1993

The protection of dry matter and nitrogen from rumen degradation of dhaincha seed (Sesbania aculeate) meal was studied using nylon bag technique. The dhaincha seed meal was subjected to various heat treatments that included oven drying, autoclaving and boiling. Similar experiment was conducted with fish meal as reference for comparison. The oven-dried dhaincha meal was found to retain more dry matter and nitrogen than was found boiled or autoclaved meal. While autoclaving appeared to improve nitrogen and dry matter retention to some extent, boiling seemed to cause more loss of dry matter from nylon bag. Heat treatment caused high retention of nitrogen by fish meal. The calculated effective protein degradation was 80.4% and 83.2% for the oven dried fish meal and dhaincha seed meal whereas same values were 74.2% and 86.7% for autoclaved fish and dhaincha seed meal respectively at the outflow rate of 4.4% per hour. The in vitro study revealed higher digestibility for heat treated samples by pepsin. The dry matter, nitrogen and ash content of dhaincha seed meal were 85.93%, 5.93% and 7.31% respectively.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.451-454
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• 2012

Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that is widely used throughout the world for higher agricultural production. Its extreme toxicity, however, has caused health and environment concerns that have led to an interest in detoxification. In this study, the radiolytic degradation of endosulfan was investigated. Endosulfan in methanol solution (100 ppm) was irradiated at 0, 10, 30, and 50 kGy, and subsequent changes in immune toxicity and degradation of endosulfan were observed. The concentration of endosulfan that was used in this experiment did not affect the cell proliferation. The irradiation of endosulfan decreased the production of NO, indicating a decrease in the immune toxicity of endosulfan by irradiation. The concentration of endosulfan was significantly reduced by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that gamma irradiation can degrade endosulfan and can reduce its immune toxicity.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.921-927
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 피로 균열의 진전 특성 및 표면 균열과 같은 3차원 균열의 진전 특성에 나타나는 재질 열화의 영향, 열화와 피로 파괴 형태의 관계, 균열진전 속도의 분산(scattering)과 열화의 관계등에 주목해서 열화재와 회복재의 2종류의 재료를 사용해, 피로 시험에 의한 균열진전의 실험적 특성을 고찰하였다. 또한, 저자들의 종래 관통 균열 진전 특성에 대한 연구 결과를 응용해서 열화와 균열진전의 확률특성을 고려한 표면균열 진전에 대한 시뮬레이션(simulation)을 행해서 피로 수명 예측에 미치는 열화의 영향에 대해 검토해 보았다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2019

A low-cycle loading experiment of 16 transfer column specimens was conducted to study the influence of parameters, likes the extension length of shape steel, the ratio of shape steel, the axial compression ratio and the volumetric ratio of stirrups, on the shear distribution between steel and concrete, the concrete damage state and the degradation of lateral stiffness. Shear force of shape steel reacted at the core area of concrete section and led to tension effect which accelerated the damage of concrete. At the same time, the damage of concrete diminished its shear capacity and resulted in the shear enlargement of shape steel. The interplay between concrete damage and shear force of shape steel ultimately made for the failures of transfer columns. With the increase of extension length, the lateral stiffness first increases and then decreases, but the stiffness degradation gets faster; With the increase of steel ratio, the lateral stiffness remains the same, but the degradation gets faster; With the increase of the axial compression ratio, the lateral stiffness increases, and the degradation is more significant. Using more stirrups can effectively restrain the development of cracks and increase the lateral stiffness at the yielding point. Also, a formula for calculating the yielding lateral stiffness is obtained by a regression analysis of the test data.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1996

토양(土壤)에 축적(蓄積)되어 있는 잔류농약의 분해에 활용(活用)하고자 호남지역 밭토양에 분포하는 Chlorothalonl내성균(耐性菌)의 밀도(密度)를 서로다른 농도별로 Mancozeb를 대조(對照)로 하여 조사하고 각(各) Chlorothalonil농도(濃度)에 내성(耐性)을 지닌 균주를 분리하여 약제 분해정도와 생리적 특성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 약제(藥劑) 내성(耐性) 세균수(細菌數)는 TPN과 Mancozeb $500{\mu}l/ml$ 처리에서 각각 $3.1{\times}10^5$, < $1.0{\times}10^2CFU/g$으로 TPN이 Mancozeb보다 많은 균수를 보였고 약제 농도가 높을수록 감소하였으며, 지역에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 2. 약제(藥劑) 내성(耐性) 사상균수(絲狀菌數)는 $100{\mu}l/ml$처리시 TPN이 $7.9{\times}10^3$, Mancozeb이 $4.5{\times}10^4CFU/g$로 Mancozeb이 TPN보다 많은 균수를 보였고 역시 지역에 따라 다르게 나타났으며 약제농도가 높을수록 감소하였다. 3. TPN 첨가배지내에서 각지역 토양에 대한 세균(細菌)의 상대성장률(相對成長率)은 다르게 나타났으며 농도별로는 $50{\mu}l/ml$에서 가장 높고 $25{\mu}l/ml$와 $100{\mu}l/ml$에서는 유사했으며 $500{\mu}l/ml$은 가장 낮았다. 4. 각(各) 농도(濃度)에서 분리된 균주의 TPN분해능(分解能)은 서로 달랐으며 25~50%의 분해능을 지닌 균주수가 가장 많고 75%이상의 분해능(分解能)을 지닌 균주는 전체의 8%로써 내성농도(耐性濃度)가 높을수록 고분해(高分解) 균주수(菌株數)가 많았다. 5. 고분해(高分解) 균주(菌株)들은 간균(稈菌)으로써 열에 약했고. Indol 생성(生成), Methyl red 및 V.P.검사(檢査)에 음성 반응을 보인것이 공통점이나 그외 특성(特性)은 균주(菌株)에 따라 달랐다. 따라서 이들은 Pseudomonas속(屬), Corynebacterium속(屬), Acinetobacter속(屬), 그리고 Moraxella속(屬)으로 추정(推定)된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2000

유일로 오염된 지역의 토양에서 toluene을 탄소원으로 이용하는 혼합미생물을 분리하여 toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene 및 xylene isomers(BTEX)의 분해특성을 관찰하였다. 단일기질 실험에서는 모든 BTEX의 분해가 이루어졌으며 toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene 순서로 분해되었다. BTEX 혼합기질 분해실험에서는 단일기질일 때보다 분해속도가 상대적으로 느려졌으며, ethylbenzene이 benzene보다 먼저 분해되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이중 혼합물질 반응 실험에서는 방해작용(inhibition), 촉진작용(stimulation), 그리고 비반응(non-interaction)과 같은 다양한 기질반응이 관찰되었으며, ethylbenzene은 benzene, toluene, xylene의 분해에 강한 방해영향을 주었다. Xylene 분해특성에서 m- 및 p-xylene은 혼합미생물에 탄소원으로 이용되었으며 benzene이나 toluene이 동시에 존재할 때는 xylene isomer의 분해가 촉진되었다. 그러나 o-xylene의 분해는 benzene에 의해서만 촉진되었다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2017

기존의 경우 콘크리트 내구성에 관한 연구는 다양하게 많은 량이 진행된바 있다. 특히 화학적 침식에 관한 연구로는 산 알칼리, 황산염에 대한 침식저항성의 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. 하지만 유지류에 관한 연구로, 특히 각종 유지류의 종류가 혼화재 치환 모르타르에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 관해서는 거의 연구되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 FA 및 BS의 혼화재 치환 시멘트 모르타르가 각종 유지류에 침지될 경우 나타나는 열화특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 실험결과 유지류 종류 중에서는 지방산 함유량이 높을수록, 특히 BD(바이오디젤)의 경우가 모든 혼화재 치환 시멘트 모르타르의 열화를 가장 크게 일으키는 것으로 나타났고, 혼화재 치환을 한 모르타르의 경우는 OPC(보통포틀랜드시멘트)보다 BS 및 FA치환 모르타르의 경우에서 열화가 더 크게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1990

An experiment was conducted with three ruminally and intestinally cannulated non-lactating cows of Finnish Ayrshire breed, to assess the ruminal degradation characteristics of oat (Avena sativa), rye (Secale cereale) and rice (Oryza sativa) straw by the nylon bag technique, and the subsequent post-ruminal degradation of their rumen-undegraded residues by using the mobile bag technique, respectively. The straw samples were untreated or treated with aqueous $NH_3$ or with urea solution in cold or hot water. The untreated straw samples were milled or chopped, and the treated straw samples were chopped. The constant values a, b, and c were computed according to the exponential equation, where a = intercept of degradation curve at time 0, b = potentially degradable material, c = rate of degradation of band (a+b) = maximum potential degradability (asymptote). It was found that nitrogen contents of chemically treated straw were markedly increased by both $NH_3$ and urea treatments. Milling the samples attributed to a remarkable loss at 0 h incubation time as compared to chopping of the respective samples. However, chemical treatment markedly improved the b value and the subsequent (a+b) values for dry matter, organic matter, neutral-detergent fiber, and acid-detergent fiber of the samples. Furthermore, temperature of the water used in the urea solutions was considered essential, since urea in hot water rather than in cold water seemed to enhance the overall degradability. The disappearance of rumen-incubated straw residues from the mobile bags ranged from 4.5 to 9.6% for the parameters measured. On average, the OM disappearance from bags was clearly higher for the residues of urea treated straw compared to those of ammonia treated straw, but the disappearance of NDF tended, however, to be higher on the ammonia treatment.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.749-752
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• 2014

Spacer 유무와 핀 폭, 채널길이에 따른 n채널 MuGFET의 단채널 및 열화 특성을 비교 분석 하였다. 사용된 소자는 핀 수가 10인 Tri-Gate이며 Spacer 유무에 따른 핀 폭이 55nm, 70nm인 4종류이다. 측정한 소자 특성은 DIBL, subthreshold swing, 문턱전압 변화 (이하 단채널 현상)과 소자열화이다. 측정 결과, 단채널 현상은 spacer가 있는 것이 감소하였고, hot carrier degradation은 spacer가 있고 핀 폭이 작은 것이 소자열화가 적었다. 따라서, spacer가 있는 LDD(Lightly Doped Drain) 구조이며 핀 폭이 작은 설계방식이 단채널 현상 및 열화특성에 더욱 바람직하다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2022

Background: Sarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass and strength with age, becomes a public health concern as the elderly population increases. This study aimed to determine whether the mixture of soluble whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) has a synergetic effect on sarcopenia and, if so, to identify the relevant mechanisms and optimal mixing ratio. Methods: In the first experiment, C57BL/6 mice were hindlimb immobilized for one-week and then administered WPH 800 mg/kg, GBE 100 mg/kg, WPH 800 mg/kg+ GBE 100 mg/kg mixture, and Fructus Schisandrae extract (SFE) 200 mg/kg for two weeks. In the second experiment, experimental design was same, but mice were administered three different doses of WPH and GBE mixture (WPH 800 mg/kg+ GBE 100 mg/kg, WPH 800 mg/kg+ GBE 90 mg/kg, WPH 1000 mg/kg+ GBE 75 mg/kg). Results: In the first experiment, we confirmed the synergetic effect of WPH and GBE on muscle mass and identified that GBE was more effective on the protein synthesis side, and WPH tended to be slightly more effective for protein degradation. In the second experiment, among three different ratios, the WPH 800 mg/kg+ GBE 100 mg/kg was most effective for muscle mass and strength. The mixtures activated muscle protein synthesis via PI3K/Akt/mTORc1 pathway and inhibited muscle protein degradation via suppressing ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosome system (ALS), and these effects were more GBE dose-dependent than WPH. Conclusion: The WPH and GBE mixture having a synergetic effect is a potential agent to prevent sarcopenia.