• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-148
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• 2011

Korean small and medium sized firms are dramatically expanding during the past two decades. Since small and medium sized firms begun to invest overseas to cope with the external and internal business environment. the influencing factors should defined for the successful foreign investment. This paper presents the research model explaining successful knowledge transfer between Korean small and medium sized firms and partners for foreign investment. This model examines investing companies' organizational characteristics, partners' learning capability and relational characteristics between two partners. Detail variables include the learning culture and codifiability of investing companies, and absorptive capability of partners, and communication and trust as a relational factors between investing companies and partners. The result of empirical analysis of sample companies shows that knowledge culture and codifiability of investing companies, and communication from the relational factors are important for knowledge transfer. These results provide some implications for the successful foreign investment of small and medium sized firms. Firstly the investing company should develop its own learning culture and internal procedure for the successful foreign investment. And frequent communication channel is necessary for knowledge transfer and the trustful relationship between investors and partner.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to investigate the differentiation, from spore germination to hyphae growth and phialide formation, of Aspergillus niger through the method of synchronous and submerged culture. Through continuous experiments by shake culture with potassium acetate medium, we observed the formation of spores at appropriate concentration and pH. Potassium acetate medium was set pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 on each scale, and control, 20 mM, and 40 mM, 80 mM and 160 mM concentrations on the other scale. Aspergillus niger was cultured in the defined media at $28^{\circ}C$, and mycelial dry weight, changes of pH and the onset of sporulation were checked. The mycelial dry weight, increased in potassium acetate medium, and pH increased during mycelial growth and gradually decreased after the spore formation. When pH increased excessively in Potassium acetate medium with pH 7.0, the mycelia could not adapt and mycelial dry weight decreased gradually. At pH 5.5, the onset of sporulation was done within one day at 20 mM it took, at 80 mM three days and at 160 mM concentration. in two days, at 40 mM one to four days were taken, 80 mM concentration respectively. At pH 6.5, the onset of sporulation was done in three days and four days at 80 mM concentrations respectively. Spore formation was not shown at pH 7.0. In controlled medium with all levels of pH, spore formation was not shown.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

With a sample of 147 Korean small and medium size companies, this study examined the relationships among degree of information orientation, corporate culture, degree of information management implementation and selected business performances in the process of implementing IMS improvement programs, such as IMS(Information Management System). Information orientation is defined as company-wide understanding and implementation of the underlying philosophy, principles, approached, and tools of information improvement programs. It is assumed that successful implementation of information improvement programs requires a information-oriented mind-set of the employees. The key elements of information orientation include continious improvement structured processes, organixation-wide participation and customer-focused spirit. Culture id defined as the value and beliefs of em organization that shape its behavior. It is also assumed that successful implementation of information improvement programs require strong support from s corporate culture that emphasizes cintinious improvement. Adopting the competing values model of Quinn and McGrath(1985), corporate culture is classified into 'flexible' versus 'controlled culture' and 'outer-directed' versus 'inner-directed culture'. Fitness was defined through the relationship between levels of information oriented and types of corporate culture. The results were as follows. First, it was found that when a company with high information orientation promoted information innovation programs, such as IMS, it reported higher degree of information management implementation and improvement in business performances. Second, the results showed the importance of 'flexible culture' and 'outer-directed culture' in performing information, innovation. Regarding the types of corporate culture, the analysis found that developmental culture, rational culture and group culture were effective. Third, companies with high information oriented and flexible culture or companies with high information orientation and outer-directed culture reported the highest implementation in Information management activities. Fourth, the results showed that the level of information management implementation had a mediating effect on the relationship between information orientation and business performance. It was also found that enhanced non-financial performance led to the improvement of financial performance. This study attempted to exaime the factor that lead information management program to success. In order to reach success, first, it is suggested that companies have positive mind set toward continious information improvement. Secondly, it is recommended that a flexible and outer-directed culture appropriate for continious information improvement is cultivated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37B no.10
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• pp.877-888
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• 2012

Network virtualization technology is a crucial research issue of Future Internet which pursues a service-oriented architecture so-called NaaS (Network as a Service) or SDN (Software Defined Network). Network virtualization is expected to play an important role in Future Internet researches as a network testbed technology which enables innovative protocols to be experimented independently on a common testbed environment. We propose a control framework in order to provide user defined topology and bandwidth services with network virtualization and to separate and manage multiple-user traffics in a small and medium scale - single domain research network. The proposed framework (VIMS; Virtual network Integrated control and Management System) supports testbed expansions without any changes of heterogeneous virtual network support equipments through accommodation of each equipment's control plane. The framework shows a feasibility through applied to KOREN and we describe the differences and further study directions for improvement the framework comparing with GENI control framework.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This paper proposes an analytical mode decomposition (AMD) and Hilbert transform method for structural nonlinearity quantification and damage detection under earthquake loads. The measured structural response is first decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) using the proposed AMD method. Each IMF is an amplitude modulated-frequency modulated signal with narrow frequency bandwidth. Then, the instantaneous frequencies of the decomposed IMF can be defined with Hilbert transform. However, for a nonlinear structure, the defined instantaneous frequencies from the decomposed IMF are not equal to the instantaneous frequencies of the structure itself. The theoretical derivation in this paper indicates that the instantaneous frequency of the decomposed measured response includes a slowly-varying part which represents the instantaneous frequency of the structure and rapidly-varying part for a nonlinear structure subjected to earthquake excitations. To eliminate the rapidly-varying part effects, the instantaneous frequency is integrated over time duration. Then the degree of nonlinearity index, which represents the damage severity of structure, is defined based on the integrated instantaneous frequency in this paper. A one-story hysteretic nonlinear structure with various earthquake excitations are simulated as numerical examples and the degree of nonlinearity index is obtained. Finally, the degree of nonlinearity index is estimated from the experimental data of a seven-story building under four earthquake excitations. The index values for the building subjected to a low intensity earthquake excitation, two medium intensity earthquake excitations, and a large intensity earthquake excitation are calculated as 12.8%, 23.0%, 23.2%, and 39.5%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

The studies on the carried out to investigate to determine the optimum thawing temperature and equilibration time and 1 step straw method of frozen bovine embryos. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 10 IU/ml PMSG(Sigma, USA), 10 IU/ml hCG(Sigma, USA), 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml $\beta$-estradiol(Sigma, USA) and 10% FCS for 24~48 hrs in incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 12~18 hrs with motile capacitated sperm by preincubation of heparin. The bovine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and various concentration of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 3$0^{\circ}C$ water. Survival and in vitro developmental rate was defined as developmental rate on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as followes : 1. The equilibration time on in vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5~5 min.) in the freezing medium higher than long period of time (10~20 min.). 2. The temperature thawed at 3$0^{\circ}C$ after rapid freezing of bovine embryos resulted in a significantly higher in vitro developmental rate than did at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. 3. The thawing time on in vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(1~5 min.) in the freezing mediuim higher than long period of time(10min.). 4. The in vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos after rapid frozen-thawing by 1 step straw method in the freezing medium added 1.5M, 2.0M glycerol, DMSO, propanediol and 0.25M, 0.50M, 0.75M, 1.00M sucrose were 12.5~19.4%, 10.0~15.6%, 9.1~13.8% and 6.7~12.9%, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1529-1535
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• 2011

Improvement of the thermal efficiency in operation and maintenance of low- and medium-speed engines is a kind of never-ending requirement in the maritime power plant business. For the purpose of improving engine management efficiency, a principal factor that represents the fitness of the engine should be identified. Gas pressure, gas temperature, and vibration have all been used as this factor. However, they have limitations in terms of response speed and diagnosis accuracy. The EFR (engine fitness ratio) is suggested as a new diagnostic factor in this paper. The EFR is defined as the ratio of particular frequencies in the frequency domain and represents the fitness of an engine. It is calculated from the fluctuation pattern of the crankshaft angular speed. The EFR was verified using an experimental method for a low-speed engine and an analytic method for a medium-speed engine.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

Development of efficient plant regeneration and genetic transformation protocols (using the Particle Inflow micro-projectile Gun and the shoot-tips as target tissue) of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in terms of expression of the reporter gene, $\beta$-glucuronidase(uidA) is reported here. Two Indian cultivars of sorghum were used in the study, viz. M-35-1 and CSV-15. Plant regeneration was achieved from one-week-old seedling shoot-tip explants via multiple-shoot-clumps and also somatic embryos. The multiple-shoot-clumps were produced on MS medium containing BA (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/$L^{-1}$), with biweekly subculture. Somatic embryos were directly produced on the enlarged dome shaped expansive structures that developed from shoot-tip explants (without any callus formation) when cultured on MS medium supplemented both with BA (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/$L^{-1}$) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg/$L^{-1}$). Whereas each multiple-shoot-clump was capable of regenerating more than 80 shoots via an intensive differentiation of both axillary and adventitious shoot buds, the somatic embryos were capable of 90% germination, plant conversion and regeneration. The regenerated shoots could be efficiently rooted on MS medium containing 1.0mg/$L^{-1}$ IBA and successfully transplanted to the glasshouse and grown to maturity with a survival rate of 92%. The plant regeneration efficiency of both the genotypes were similar. After the micro-projectile bombardment, expression of uidA gene was determined by scoring blue transformed cell sectors in the bombarded tissue by an in situ enzyme assay. The optimal conditions comprising a helium pressure of 2200 K Pa, the target distance of 11 cm with helium inlet fully opened and the use of osmoticum have been defined to aid our future strategies of genetic engineering in sorghum with genes for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2002

This study is focused on the characterization of an effective hydraulic conductivity in each hydrogeologic unit assumed as an equivalent continuum medium in the granitic area. Four boreholes of 3" diameter were installed and a Multi-packer system was facilitated in the selected borehole. Various in-situ tests including the fracture logging, constant injection and fall-off tests, slug and pulse tests were carried out. A hydrogeologic unit was defined into the upper and lower zones based on the variation of fracture properties and hydraulic conductivities. The difference of the result obtained by the various hydraulic tests and the effective characterization techniques on rock mass permeability are also discussed. The effective hydraulic conductivity of the upper unit was measured by two times(5.27E-10 m/s~7.57E-10 m/s) that of the lower unit(2.45E-10 m/s~6.81E-10 m/s)through the constant injection and fall-off tests.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.812-818
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• 2001

Alginate and alginate-derived oligomannuronate enhanced penicillin production in shake flask and fermentor cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 (containing a single copy of the penicillin gene cluster) and in the high producter strain P. chrysogenum AS-P-99 (containing multiple copies of the penicillin gene cluster). Alginate was not used as a single carbon source by P. chryogenum. The stimulatory effect on penicillin production was observed in a defined medium and, to a lower extent, in a complex production medium containing corn steep liquor. Alginate-supplemented cells showed higher transcript levels of the three penicillin biosynthetic genes, pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE, than cells grown in the absence of alginate. The promoters of the pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE genes were coupled to the reporter lacZ gene and introduced as monocopy constructions in P. chrysogenum Wis 54-1225 npe10 by targeted integration in the pyrG locus; the reporter ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity expressed from the three promoters was stimulated by alginate added to the culture medium of the transformants. These results indicate that the stimulation of penicillin production by alginate was derived from an increase in the transcriptional activity of the penicillin biosynthesis genes. The induction by alginate of the transcription of the three penicillin biosynthetic genes is good example of the coordinated induction of secondary metabolism genes by elicitors of plant (or microbial) origin.