• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2008

Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA) is an method to develop applications by developing and publishing reusable services which potentially be used in various applications, and discovering and composing right services dynamically. SOA adopts a paradigm of publish-discover-invoke, which is considerably different from object-oriented and component-based development(CBD) approaches. The service in SOA is different from function in procedural programming, object in object-oriented programming, and component in CBD, and its fundamental requirement is a high level of reusability and applicability. In SOA, service providers and service consumers are loosely coupled since the providers try to develop reusable services and the consumers try to locate right services without knowing much about the providers and their published services. Moreover, the process of searching, choosing and invoking right services is not presented in conventional programming paradigms. Therefore, conventional approaches to developing user interfaces and invoking the functionality on servers through JSP, and RMI in object-oriented programming cannot well be applicable to designing clients’ programs in SOA. Therefore, there is a high demand for a practical and systematic process for developing clients’ applications, and the such a process should be devised by considering key characteristics of services and SOA. However, little work on this area is known to date, and there has not a process for client side just except few guide lines for developing service client. In this paper, we propose a practical and systematic development process for developing clients' applications in SOA. Then, we define instructions for carrying out each activity in the process. To show the applicability of the proposed work, we show the result of applying our process in developing a services application for searching and booking hotels.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.76-86
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• 2016

Recently, the Contracts of International Construction Business has been decreased from the beginning of 2015 in Korea, although it has been steadily increased until 2014. This trend could be caused by Low-Price Contracts, the lack of Know-how and experience in operating, the poor management of Claims and Low-Profitability in Business. It has been recognized that the qualitative improvement of Business Contacts are necessary for successful Projects. In the Bidding Process, therefore, Experience data as In-House Data and Lessons Learned for projects should be strategically involved to assure riskless offers. Accordingly the Proposal Process are needed to be organized and enhanced by including processes for risks review about technical, marketing and commercial part during the bidding. This paper proposes a Risk Management Process model during Bidding Phase, using Risk Evaluation Method through the project life-cycle. The Concept of Model is to define CSF (Critical Success Factor) in the bidding process and Risk Factors are linked to CSF and Organization based on RAM (Responsibility assignment matrix).

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

In regards to natural disasters, vulnerability analysis is a component of the disaster risk analysis with one of its objectives as a basis for planning priority setting activities. The volcano eruption raises many casualties and property in the surrounding area, especially when the volcano located in densely populated areas. Volcanic eruptions cannot be prevented, but the risk and vulnerability can be reduced which involve careful planning and preparations that anticipate a future crisis. The social vulnerability as social inequalities with those social factors can influence the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. This study carried out the methods of Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to measure the socially created vulnerability of the people living in Merapi proximal hamlets in Central Java, Indonesia that refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the resilience of communities in order to describe and understand the social burdens of risk. Social vulnerability captured here, using a qualitative survey based-data such as interviews to local people with random ages and background to capture the answer vary, also interviews to stakeholders to help define social vulnerability variables. The paper concludes that by constructing the vulnerability index for the hamlets, the study reveals information about the distribution and causes of social vulnerability. The analysis using SoVI confirms that this method works well in ensuring that positive values indicating high social vulnerability and vice versa.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2017

In this study, we proposed a method to generate a maintenance documents for railway track through Construction Operations Building information exchange(COBie) which is a subset of Industry Foundation Classes(IFC), a data model for Building Information Modeling(BIM). In order to define the items necessary for railway track maintenance document generation, we analyzed the guideline of maintenance and management to track by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MLTM), and defined the way to refer to the information items in the COBie spreadsheet. The additional properties not supported in IFC, were created for generation of an Information model that reflecting maintenance information items of railway track by applying user-defined property set within the IFC framework. An IFC-based Information model reflecting the user-defined property was implemented through BIM software, and rail track maintenance information items were transferred to COBie spreadsheet according to the defined approach. It is tested that the information can be transferred from the IFC-based as-built model to the COBie spreadsheet, which can be used to generate the necessary documents for railway facility maintenance work.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2017

In the boundary layer of supersonic or hypersonic vehicles, there is the conversion from kinetic energy to thermal energy, called aerodynamic heating. Aerodynamic heating has to be considered to design supersonic vehicles, because it induces severe heat flux to surface. Transient heat transfer analysis with CFD is used to predict thermal response of vehicles, however transient heat transfer analysis needs excessive computing powers. Loosely coupled method is widely used for evaluating thermal response, however it needs to be revised for overestimated heat flux. In this research, quasi-transient method, which is combined loosely coupled method and conjugate heat transfer analysis, is proposed for evaluating thermal response with efficiency and reliability. Defining reference time of splitting flight scenario for transient simulation is important on accuracy of quasi-transient method, however there is no algorithm to determine. Therefore the research suggests the algorithm with various flow conditions to define reference time. Supersonic flow field of blunt body with constant acceleration is calculated to evaluate quasi-transient method. Temperature difference between transient and quasi-transient method is about 11.4%, and calculation time reduces 28 times for using quasi-transient method.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.15
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• pp.109-145
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• 2004

Upcoming 21st century, Management circumstance for a small and medium enterprise have been rapidly changed by Knowledge management, Informationization, Hi-technology. Changing from an era of small concept to strong concept, It will be a severe innovation period and can not survive with life as the same as the past, It is the era of best which mean only the best can survive, None of the average faculty can survive. Due to rapid proceeding of innovation of Informationization, It stimulate acceleration of technology innovation, infinity competition regardless the nation boarder, result in proceeding to Informationization. A small and medium enterprise is defined as smaller size of business than big business as point of capital, employee, output. It is concept, which usually used against concept of big business. When define a small and medium enterprise, criteria to determine a small and medium enterprise is depends on country and a category of business. However, In every country, A small and medium enterprise is getting be bigger and importance factor in whole industry. A small and medium enterprise is well developed and also well balanced with a large enterprise in the developed country. All around in the world, Interest about a small and medium enterprise is becoming higher. It is actively researching into a small and medium enterprise as the mean to create new employment, new industry, as means to from integration of a all and medium enterprise,as source of high competitive power. The status quo of rapid changing into informationization have been realized at considerable level in Korea. Information society is defined as information technology is main key to determine individuals competitiveness, which can solve effectively the side effect result from industrialization. It cleary imply that information technology is the most promising and important industry in 21st century. Therefore, We should seek to foster independent a small and medium enterprise and develop them corresponding to new concept of a small and medium enterprise in 21st century. The main frame of policy should be new economic system, which can contribute establishment of a small and medium enterprise, management innovation. It also attribute a small and medium enterprise to reveal their creative. New economic paradigm in 21st will be expanded with organization, market, technology. So far, a small and medium enterprise has been acknowledge as economic weaker and the one should be protected. However, In 21st century a small and medium enterprise will be considered as active majority or a source of creative. Development of technology to produce a small quantity with variety product and acceleration of knowledge and informationization will result in comparative merits of a small and medium enterprise. Hereby, The role and relative importance of a small and medium enterprise in our economic will getting be larger and It will be developed as the main force to activate the economic. However, Only a small and medium enterprise, which overcome difficulty with active desire and effort to improve their lot can be developed as a competitive enterprise in 21st century in considering themselves to be developed as diversity, active, independent, business by an enterprise.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.189-220
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• 2013

This article sheds light on how corporate social responsibility (CSR) perception influences organizational commitment through compassion, a mediator based on empirical data. In other words, we expect that CSR is related to team members' sense-making and then triggers changes affecting team members' attitude and behavior. Compassion plays a pivotal role in organizational life by attenuating others' pains at work. Scholars widely agree that compassion involves sympathetic consciousness of others' distress and sufferings, and caring for those others often in communicative or behavioral ways. Kornfield (1993) defines compassion as "the heart's response to the sorrow". We also define compassion as a response to other's suffering that an individual sees with the eyes of others, hears with the ears of others, feels with the heart of others, and takes actions that demonstrate his or her own compassionate acts. We also assume that CSR increases organizational commitment. According to our empirical data based on employees of 400 Korean companies, CSR perception is likely to positively influence compassion, which itself is likely to influence another dependent variable, organizational commitment. Our findings reveal a partially mediated effect, which causes CSR perception to influence organizational commitment through compassion. Finally, interpersonal justice serves as moderating elements in the relation of CSR perception and compassion whereas perceived organizational behavior has a moderating effect on both compassion and organizational commitment.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

As the number of people who live indoor space has been increased, the interest in 3D indoor spatial information has been grown. Object-Oriented 3D indoor space modeling including indoor spatial information has performed in level of detail 4, and modeling data is able to be constructed based on various raw data which are as-built drawing, laser scanning, BIM data, and camera. 3D indoor space modeling has been worked based on established indoor space modeling process, and the result can be used for various application fields such as indoor space pedestrian navigation, facility management, disaster management, and so on. However, the modeling process has limitations to perform indoor space modeling efficiently, because the process is complicated and wastes time at modeling work. In this paper, we propose evaluation on practical use of raw data for 3D indoor space modeling purpose on supporting efficient indoor space modeling through analyzing the established process. Therefore, we define the requirements to evaluate the practical use of raw data and propose the verification method. In addition, as-built drawing which has been used in Seoul 3D indoor space modeling project will be applied to proposed method as a raw data.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-215
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to define the relationship between ethical management, organizational culture, and management performance in long-term care institutes for the elderly while identifying the level of ethical management, organizational culture, and management performance of caregivers and the impact and mediation of the relationships between them based on the hypothesis. The results show that caregivers in the Gyeonggi region scored 2.929 out of 5 in ethical management, 3.393 in organizational culture, 2.925 in organizational transparency and 3.185 in management performance. The levels of ethical management, organizational culture and management performance in caregivers are lower than those of welfare workers, social workers, and nursing assistants. This is due to their relatively low level of education, wages and working environment. This study determined that there is a significant relationship between variables in terms of correlation between ethical management, management performance, organization transparency, and organizational culture. Second, the authors adopted hypotheses that ethical management has a statistical effect on organizational transparency, management performance, and organization culture. Third, the authors concluded that organizational culture has a direct impact on organization transparency and there is a significant mediation effect between ethical management, organizational transparency, and management performance. Based on these results, we propose the following: First, ethical leadership at the core of ethical management. Second, awareness in organizational transparency. Third, balanced management performance. Fourth, a flexible organizational culture that can respond to ethical management environment must be established.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2013

Respiratory-induced dynamic tumors render free-breathing cone-beam computed tomography (FBCBCT) images with motion artifacts complicating the task of quantifying the internal target volume (ITV). The purpose of this paper is to study the visibility of the revealed ITV when the imaging dose parameters, such as the kVp and mAs, are varied. The $Trilogy^{TM}$ linear accelerator with an On-Board Imaging ($OBI^{TM}$) system was used to acquire low-imaging-dose-mode (LIDM: 110 kVp, 20 mA, 20 ms/frame) and high-imaging-dose-mode (HIDM: 125 kVp, 80 mA, 25 ms/frame) FBCBCT images of a 3-cm diameter sphere (density=0.855 $g/cm^3$) moving in accordance to various sinusoidal breathing patterns, each with an unique inhalation-to-exhalation (I/E) ratio, amplitude, and period. In terms of image ITV contrast, there was a small overall average change of the ITV contrast when going from HIDM to LIDM of $6.5{\pm}5.1%$ for all breathing patterns. As for the ITV visible volume measurements, there was an insignificant difference between the ITV of both the LIDM- and HIDM-FBCBCT images with an average difference of $0.5{\pm}0.5%$, for all cases, despite the large difference in the imaging dose (approximately five-fold difference of ~0.8 and 4 cGy/scan). That indicates that the ITV visibility is not very sensitive to changes in imaging dose. However, both of the FBCBCT consistently underestimated the true ITV dimensions by up to 34.8% irrespective of the imaging dose mode due to significant motion artifacts, and thus, this imaging technique is not adequate to accurately visualize the ITV for image guidance. Due to the insignificant impact of imaging dose on ITV visibility, a plausible, alternative strategy would be to acquire more X-ray projections at the LIDM setting to allow 4DCBCT imaging to better define the ITV, and at the same time, maintain a reasonable imaging dose, i.e., comparable to a single HIDM-FBCBCT scan.