• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.85-103
• /
• 2001

Suppose that Hand K are paired Hopf algebras and that A is an H - K - bicomodule algebra with multiplication which is a left H-comodule map and is a right K-comodule map. We define a new twisted algebra, $A^{\tau}$ and define $M^{\tau}$ for $M{\in}M_A^K$. We find an equivalent condition for $M^{\tau}{\in}M_{A^{\tau}}^K$. We show that the above defined twisted multiplication is the special case of Beattie's twist multiplication. We show that if K is commutative, then A is an H-module algebra and show that if $H^*$ is cocommutative then the construction of smash product appears as a special case of the new twist product.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.473-480
• /
• 2007

In this paper we define prime right ideals of semirings and prove that if every right ideal of a semiring R is prime then R is weakly regular. We also prove that if the set of right ideals of R is totally ordered then every right ideal of R is prime if and only if R is right weakly regular. Moreover in this paper we also define prime subsemimodule (generalizing the concept of prime right ideals) of an R-semimodule. We prove that if a subsemimodule K of an R-semimodule M is prime then $A_K(M)$ is also a prime ideal of R.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2004

The severe frontal crash tests are NCAP with belted occupant at 35mph and FMVSS 208 with unbelted occupant at 25mph, This paper describes the design process of occupant protection systems, airbag and seat belt, under the two tests. In this study, NCAP simulations are performed by Monte Carlo search method and cluster analysis. The Monte Carlo search method is a global optimization technique and requires execution of a series of deterministic analyses, The procedure is as follows. 1) Define the region of interest 2) Perform Monte Carlo simulation with uniform distribution 3) Transform output to obtain points grouped around the local minima 4) Perform cluster analysis to obtain groups that are close to each other 5) Define the several feasible design ranges. The several feasible designs are acquired and checked under FMVSS 208 simulation with unbelted occupant at 25mph.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.240-248
• /
• 2014

We present a robust speaker identification algorithm that uses novel features based on soft bag-of-word representation and a simple Naive Bayes classifier. The bag-of-words (BoW) based histogram feature descriptor is typically constructed by summarizing and identifying representative prototypes from low-level spectral features extracted from training data. In this paper, we define a generalization of the standard BoW. In particular, we define three types of BoW that are based on crisp voting, fuzzy memberships, and possibilistic memberships. We analyze our mapping with three common classifiers: Naive Bayes classifier (NB); K-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN); and support vector machines (SVM). The proposed algorithms are evaluated using large datasets that simulate medical crises. We show that the proposed soft bag-of-words feature representation approach achieves a significant improvement when compared to the state-of-art methods.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.877-878
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we propose a skin lesion detection to develop the system of fluorescence image analysis to identify the fluorescence of topical methyl aminolevulinate(MAL) idduced PpIX in patients with BCC accurately. By fluorescence image analysis we define the border between tumo and tumor-free areas on fluorescence image after topical application of MAL ointment. We excised both the tumor and peri-tumoral areas widely from the 10 patients with BCC, and divided tissue samples into 3 area, such as tumor area, suspected tumor area, tumor-free area, respectively. Our proposed method migt play a role as an adjunctive tool to define the border between tumor and tumor-free areas for Mohs' micrographic surgery.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.93-94
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we propose a technical standard that applies to the MNP between 2G and 3G. We define network function, system function and information flow for MNP. We designed call processing mechanism for MNP by QoR. We also define the processing method of SMS according to the MNP.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.35S no.4
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 1998

In this paper, we find the values of near-end crosstalk coefficients in dual-offset stripline of a FR-4 multilayer PCB by an analytic method and a HSPICE simulation method, define calculation errors inananlytic method and the application range, simulate near-end crosstalk coefficients of the FCT(Fast CMOS TTL) in complicated dual-offset stripline by HSPICE and analyze near-end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk coefficients in dual-offset stripline. So, we analyze coupling structure of the near-end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk in the complicated dual-offset striplines that are 1[pF] capacitors termainated, and define a coupling formula of near-end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk coefficients dual-offset striplines.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.23 no.1_2
• /
• pp.455-460
• /
• 2007

In allelic model $X=(x_1,\;x_2,\;{\cdots},\;x_d)$, $$M_f(t)=f(p(t))-{\int}_0^t\;Lf(p(t))ds$$ is a P-martingale for diffusion operator L under the certain conditions. In this note, we try to apply diffusion processes for countable-allelic model in population genetic model and we can define a new diffusion operator $L^*$. Since the martingale problem for this operator $L^*$ is related to diffusion processes, we can define a integral which is combined with operator $L^*$ and a bilinar form $<{\cdot},{\cdot}>$. We can find properties for this integral using maximum principle.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.608-613
• /
• 2006

Any input acceleration that bends RLG dithering axis causes flexure error, which is a source of the noncommutative error that can not be compensated by simply using integrated gyro sensor output. This paper introduces noncommutative error equations that define attitude errors caused by flexure errors. In this paper, flexure error is classified as sensor level error if the sensing axis coincides with the dithering axis and as system level error if the two axes do not coincide. The relationship between gyro output and the rotation vector is introduced and is used to define the coordinate transformation matrix and angular motion. Equations are derived for both sensor level and system level flexure error analysis. These equations show that RLG based INS attitude error caused by flexure is directly proportional to time, amount of input acceleration and the dynamic frequency of the vehicle.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.203-223
• /
• 2014

Co-creation is a new business strategy that creates "mutual value" for both the firm and the consumer through active collaboration among stakeholders. This includes a broader range of participants compared to the traditional environment. Co-creation is currently being applied to a wide range of fields such as marketing, manufacturing, governance, and other disciplines. With a growing interest in co-creation, it is vital to establish a clearly define concept of what co-creation is and what it encompasses. Therefore, the goal of this study is to define the concept of co-creation, to discover current research trends within this area, and to suggest a future research agenda. For this study extensive literature review on co-creation was carried out, adding this paper to the body of co-creation research as a pioneer study.