• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.423-435
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the clinical efficacy of Gyeongok-go. Methods: Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), ScienceON, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials administering Gyeongok-go as an intervention, published from inception to December 31, 2021. The risk-of-bias of the included trials was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials version 2. From the experimental and control groups of the selected trials, the mean value (or rate) of each outcome was extracted and statistically compared. Results: Statistically significant mean differences were in VO₂max (MD 6.82), post-exercise heart rate (MD -8.76 at 5 min, -11.58 at 30 min, -14.6 at 60 min), senescence scale (MD -6.52), Th1 cells and Th2 cells in pulmonary tuberculosis (MD 2.79 and -1.64), yin-deficient and qi-deficient score (MD -9.64 and -9.76), and phlegm-dampness score (MD 5.56). Overall risk-of-bias was 20% low risk, 80% some concerns, and 0% high risk. There were no reports of adverse events. Conclusions: Gyeongok-go is likely to have the effect of improving cardiorespiratory endurance, increasing fatigue recovery ability, reducing senescence, and enhancing immune function in tuberculosis patients. Also, it is more suitable for those who are yin-deficient or qi-deficient, and those with phlegm-dampness probably need caution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.263-265
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• 1995

Blood plasma minerals and their effects towards the fertility in 136 cows randomly selected from 26 dairy farms in central Thailand were studied. An average of 8.60 mg% Ca, 5.97 mg% P, 2.45 mg% Mg, $85.9{\mu}g%$ Cu, and $160.9{\mu}g%$ Zn in plasma was observed. Compared to the critical deficient values, 24.3, 10.3, 11.8, 28.7 and 0.0% of the surveyed cows obtained the respective elements in plasma below the standard levels. No significant difference (p >.05) in plasma concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Zn for the low fertile (conception rate > 3) and fertile (conception rate < 3) cows was found. However, plasma Cu of the low fertile cows (averaged $77.2{\mu}g%$) was lower (p <.01) than that of the fertile ones (averaged $91.12{\mu}g%$). Additionally, it is observed that 47.1% of the cows with the low fertility problem obtained plasma Cu below the 65.0 pg% critical deficient value.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1980

The effect of non-stoichimetry and sintering temperature on the magnetic properties of materials in the system $Ni_{0.39}Zn_{0.61}Fe_{2.0+x}O_4$ have been investigated. The value of x used in initial weighing of oxides were varied from -0.04 to -0.12. The value of x, however, appears to be from +0.04 to -0.04 after ferrite powder preparation due to iron pick up during ball mill mixing and grinding. The densities of specimens which were deficientinrion were higher than those with excess ion. Specimens with near stoichiometric composition showed maximum initial permeability an dminimum coercivity whereas high values of quality factor (Q) were observed in iron deficient specimens. The quality factor decreased monotonically with increasing sintering temperature, but the permeability showed maxima with increasing sintering temperature. Thus highest value of figure of merit $\mu$Q was obtained in composition $Ni_{0.39}Zn_{0.61}Fe_{1.98O4}$ sintered at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs. in an air atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose to evaluate the effect of resistin-like molecule alpha ($Relm{\alpha}$) on the progression of anemia of inflammation. Anemia of inflammation is a common feature of inflammatory disorders, including chronic kidney disease, infections, and rheumatoid arthritis. $Relm{\alpha}$ is highly up-regulated in various inflammatory states, especially those involving asthma, intestinal inflammation, and parasitic diseases, and regulates the pathogenesis of those diseases. However, the role of $Relm{\alpha}$ in anemia of inflammation is unknown. To explore the roles of $Relm{\alpha}$ in anemia of inflammation in vivo, we generated mouse model of the disease by injecting 0.25 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides (LPS) intraperitoneally into $Relm{\alpha}-deficient$ and wild-type (WT) mice daily for 10 days. Research data was expressed as differences between LPS-treated $Relm{\alpha}-deficient$ and WT mice by a two-tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test using GraphPad Instat program. The results of the study are as follows: LPS-treated $Relm{\alpha}-deficient$ mice had significantly (p<0.05) lower hemoglobin contents, hematocrit levels and red blood cell indices including mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin than WT controls. This decrease was accompanied by significant (p<0.05) increase in total white blood cell and monocyte counts in the blood. However, there was no significant difference in mRNA levels of hepatic hepcidin and renal erythropoietin between the two animal groups. Taken together, these results indicates that $Relm{\alpha}$ deficiency exacerbates the anemia by increasing inflammation, suggesting therapeutic value of $Relm{\alpha}$ in the treatment of anemia of inflammation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2017

This article aims to investigate the possible retrofitting of a deficient building with soft story failure mode by connecting it to an adjacent building which is designed based on current code with friction dampers at all floors. Low cost and high performance reliability along with significant energy dissipation pertaining to stable hysteretic loops may be considered in order to choose the proper damper for connecting adjacent buildings. After connecting two neighbouring floors by friction dampers, the sliding forces of dampers at various stories are set in two arrangements: uniform sliding force and then variable sliding force. In order to account for the stochastic nature of the seismic events, incremental dynamic analyses are employed prior and after the installation of the friction dampers at the various floors. Based on these results, fragility curves and mean annual rate of exceedance of serviceability and ultimate limit states are obtained. The results of this study show that the collapse mode of the deficient building can affect the optimum arrangement of sliding forces of friction dampers at Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level. In particular, the Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level is not tangible to the sliding force arrangement and it depends solely on sliding force value. Generally it can be claimed that this rehabilitation scheme can turn the challenge of pounding two adjacent buildings into the opportunity of dissipating a large amount of the seismic input energy by the friction dampers, thus improving significantly the poor seismic performance of the deficient structure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.735-757
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• 2022

The behavior of shear deficient under-balanced reinforced concrete beams with rectangular cross-sections, which were externally strengthened with CFRP composite along shear spans, was experimentally investigated under vertical load. One of the specimens represents a reference beam without CFRP strengthening and the other specimens have different width/strip spacing ratios (w_f/s_f). The optimum strip in terms of w_f/s_f, which will bring the beam behavior to the ideal level in terms of strength and ductility, was determined according to the regulations. When the w_f/s_f ratio exceeds 0.55, the behavior of the beam shifted from shear failure to bending failure. However, it has been observed that the w_f/s_f ratio should be increased up to 0.82 in order for the beam to reach sufficient shear reserve value according to the codes. It is also observed that the direction and weight of the CFRP composite are one of the most critical factors and 240 gr/m² CFRP strips experienced sudden ruptures in the shear span after the cracking of the concrete. It is considered as a deficiency that the empirical shear capacity formulas given for the beams reinforced with CFRP in the regulations do not take into account both direction and weight of CFRP composites.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.11
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• 2022

IL-34 can promote osteoclast differentiation and activation, which may contribute to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Animal model was constructed in both BALB/c and IL-34 deficient mice to detect the relative expression of inflammation cytokines. Micro-CT was utilized to reveal the internal structure. In vitro differentiated osteoclast was induced by culturing bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL-34 conditioned medium or M-CSF. The relative expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, osteoclast marker genes, and relevant pathways molecules was detected with quantitative real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot. Up-regulated IL-34 expression could be detected in the serum of ONFH patients and femoral heads of ONFH mice. IL-34 deficient mice showed the resistance to ONFH induction with the up-regulated trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone value fraction, and down-regulated trabecular separation. On the other hand, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-17A, showed diminished expression in IL-34 deficient ONFH induced mice. IL-34 alone or works in coordination with M-CSF to promote osteoclastogenesis and activate ERK, STAT3, and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. These data demonstrate that IL-34 can promote the differentiation of osteoclast through ERK, STAT3, and non-canonical NF-κB pathways to aggravate steroid-induced ONFH, and IL-34 can be considered as a treatment target.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.226-232
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• 2004

One predicts the crystal growth rate of ZnSe with a low vapor pressure system in a horizontal configuration based on one dimensional advection-diffusion and two-dimensional diffusion-convection model. The present results show that for the ratios of partial pressures, s = 0.2 and 2.9, the growth rate increases with the temperature differences between the source and crystal. As the ratio of partial pressure approaches the stoichiometric value, s = 2 from s = 1.5 (zinc-deficient case: s < 2) and 2.9 (zinc-rich case: s > 2), the rate increases sharply. For the ranges from 1.5 to 1.999 (zinc-deficient case: s < 2) and from s = 9 to 2.9 (zinc-rich case: s > 2), the rate are slightly varied. From the viewpoint of the order of magnitude, the one-dimensional model for low vapor pressure system falls within the 2D predictions, which indicates the flow fields would be advective-diffusive. For the effects of gravitational accelerations on the rate, the gravitational constants are varied from 1 g to $10^{-6}$ g for $\Delta$T = 50 K and s = 1.5, the rates remain nearly constant, i.e., 211 mg/hr, which indicates Stefan flow is dominant over convection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2003

In the past years, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect found in perovskite-like structured materials has attracted considerable attention among scientists and manufacturers, since, a practical point of view, the capacity of producing magnetic and sensing sensors. In a stream of this interest, further efforts to understand the underlying mechanism that leads to the GMR effect relative to the correlation between transport and magnetic properties, have been extensively devoted. In these cases, spin-glass-like behaviors are ascribed to the frustration of random competing exchange interactions, namely the ferromagnetic double-exchange interaction between Co$\^$3+/ (or Mn$\^$3+/) and Co$\^$4+/(or Mn$\^$4+/) and the antiferromagnetic one like spins. Noticeably, the distinction of spin-glass region from cluster-glass one, involved in the remarkable changes in transport and magnetic properties at a critical value of doping concentration, was observed. Magnetic anomalies in zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization as well as ac magnetic susceptibility below Curie temperature T$\sub$c/ and the charge/orbital fluctuation were also realized. In this work, we present a study of magnetic properties of a deficient manganese perovskites system of La$\sub$0.6/Sr$\sub$x/MnTi$\sub$y/O$_3$, and particularly provide its new magnetic phase diagram.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.560-564
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• 2013

${\small{D}}$-Ribose is a value-added five-carbon sugar used for riboflavin production. To investigate the effects of oxygen supply and mixed sugar concentration on microbial production of ${\small{D}}$-ribose, a transketolase-deficient Bacillus subtilis SPK1 was cultured batch-wise using xylose and glucose. A change of agitation speed from 300 rpm to 600 rpm at 1 vvm of air supply increased both the xylose consumption rate and ${\small{D}}$-ribose production rate. Because the sum of the specific consumption rates for xylose and glucose was similar at all agitation speeds, metabolic preferences between xylose and glucose might depend on oxygen supply. Although B. subtilis SPK1 can take up xylose and glucose by the active transport mechanism, a high initial concentration of xylose and glucose was not beneficial for high ${\small{D}}$-ribose production.