• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2020

정보 기술의 발달과 시스템 및 네트워크의 규모가 증가함에 따라 사이버 위협 및 범죄가 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 이러한 위협에 대응하기 위해서 실질적인 공격과 방어 기반의 사이버 보안 훈련이 필요하다. 그러나 사이버 보안 훈련은 전문가의 분석과 공격 수행능력을 요구하므로, 비용 및 시간적인 측면에서 비효율적이다. 본 논문에서는 공격 기법들을 자동으로 수행하는 사이버 공격 시뮬레이터를 제안한다. 이 시뮬레이터는 구현 가능하도록 모델링 된 공격 기법들을 조합하여 공격 시나리오를 도출하고, 도출된 시나리오들을 순차적으로 수행함으로써 공격을 수행한다. 제안하는 공격 시뮬레이터의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 실제 환경에서 예시 공격 목표와 시나리오를 설정하여 실험하였다. 이 공격 시뮬레이터는 5 가지 공격 기법을 자동으로 수행하여 관리자 권한을 획득하는 공격에 성공하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2004년도 The 2004 KSPP Annual Meeting & International Symposium
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• pp.65-67
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• 2004

During initial interactions of bacteria with their host plants, most plants recognize the bacterial infections and repel the pathogen by plant defense mechanism. The most active plant defense mechanism is the hypersensitive response (HR) which is the localized induced cell death in the plant at the site of infection by a pathogen. A primary locus induced in gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria during this initial interaction is the Hrp locus. The Hrp locus is composed of a cluster of genes that encodes the bacteral Type 111 machinery that is involved in the secretion and translocation of effector proteins to the plant cell. DNA sequence analysis of hrp gene in phytopathogenic bacteria has revealed a Hrp pathogenicity is]and (PAI) with a tripartite mosaic structure. For many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, colonization of the host's tissue depends on the type III protein secretion system (TTSS) which secrets and translocates effector proteins into the host cell. Effectors can be divided into several groups including broad host range effectors, host specific effectors, disease specific effectors, and effectors inhibit host defenses. The role of effectors carrying LRR domain in plant resistance is very elusive since most known plant resistance gene carry LRR domain. Host specific effectors such as several avr gene products are involved in the determination of the host specificity. Almost all the phytopathogenic Xanthomonas spp. carry avrBs1, avrBs2, and avrBs3 homologs. Some strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae carry more than 10 copies of avrBs3 homologs. However, the functions of all those avr genes in host specificity are not characterized well.;

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

The effect of diet supplemented with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf on antioxidant status of plasma and tissue was investigated in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were randomly divided into two groups after one-week acclimation, and fed a high fat (20%) and high cholesterol (1%) diet without (control group) or with 8% freeze-dried red beet leaf (RBL group) for 4 weeks. In RBL mice, lipid peroxidation determined as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS value) was significantly reduced in the plasma and selected organs (liver, heart, and kidney). Levels of antioxidants (glutathione and $\beta$-carotene) and the activities of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase) in plasma and liver were considerably increased, suggesting that antioxidant defenses were improved by RBL diet. Comet parameters such as tail DNA (%), tail extent moment, olive tail moment and tail length were significantly reduced by 25.1%, 49.4%, 35.4%, and 23.7%, respectively, in plasma lymphocyte DNA of RBL mice compared with control mice, and indicated the increased resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. In addition, the RBL diet controlled body weight together with a significant reduction of fat pad (retroperitoneal, epididymal, inguinal fat, and total fat). Therefore, the present study suggested that the supplementation of 8% red beet leaf in high fat high cholesterol diet could prevent lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant defense system in the plasma and tissue of C57BL/6J mice.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2011

According to Japanese Patent Act, the Japanese Patent Office, administrative organization, was authorized to decide validation of patent. However, Supreme Court of Japan held that a court is able to decide the invalidation of patent in 11th April, 2000, which caused the reform of Japanese Patent Act in June 2004. Reformed Patent Act established the article 104-3 and makes it for a court to decide the patentability where there are grounds for a patent invalidation. Through this amendment to the Patent Act, the legislative system to decide the patent validation has been reorganized and furthermore alleged infringer is allowed to argue against the patent validation by making use of infringement litigation procedure through defenses against patent invalidation as well as invalidation trial procedure for to file a request for a trial for patent invalidation to the Japanese Patent Office. That is to say, the article 104-3 was established in the Japanese Patent Act in the wake of Kilby, and thus a court, which is judicial authority, not administrative disposition agency is also able to decide the patent validation. Thus this article discuss how a court, the authority of which only patent infringement cases fell under, has been authorized to arbitrate cases about the patent validation and the decision of the patent validation in a court.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

The expressed sequence tags(ESTs) from immature seed of rice, Oryza sativa cv Milyang 23, were partially sequenced and analyzed by homology. As of 1998, the partial sequences of about 6,600 cDNA clones were analyzed from normal and normalized immature seed cDNA libraries. About 2,200 ESTs were putatively identified by BLASTX deduced amino acid sequence homology analysis. About 20% of them were putatively identified as storage proteins. Also the clones were highly homologous to genes involved particularly in starch biosynthesis, glycolysis, signal transduction and defenses. Compared to 35% of redundancy in the ESTs of normal cDNA library, that from the substracted library was 15%. The Korea Rice Genome Network is maintained to provide the updated information of sequences, their homologies and sequence alignments of ESTs. For the stable expression of transgene in rice, diverse vectors were developed for overexpression, targeting and gene dosage effect with transit peptides (Tp) and matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence from chicken lysozyme locus. The rice calli were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404(pSB1) with the triparental mating technique and selected by herbicide resistance. The green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene in expression vector under the control of rbcS promoter-Tp was overexpressed upto 10 % of the total soluble protein. In addition, the Tp-sGFP fusion protein was properly processed during translocation into chloroplast. The expression of sGFP in the presence of MAR sequences was analyzed with Northern and immunoblot analysis. All the lines in which sGFP transgene with MAR sequence, showed position independent and copy number-dependent expression, while the lines without MAR showed the varied level of expression with the integration site. Thus the MAR sequence significantly reduced the variation in transgene expression between independent transformants.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The hG-CSF (human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) is a growth and stimulation factor capable of inducing the proliferation of bone marrow cells, several types of leukocytes, among other hematopoietic tissue cells. hG-CSF is used in used to treat anomalies that reder a small number of circulating white blood cells, which may compromise the immune defenses of the affected person. For these reasons, the production of hG-CSF in a bioreactor system using the mammary gland of genetic modified animals is a possibility of adding value to the bovine genetic material and reducing the costs of hG-CSF production in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we aimed the production of transgenic hG-CSF bovine through the lipofection of bovine primary fibroblasts with an hG-CSF expression cassette and cloning these fibroblasts by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique. The bovine fibroblasts transfected with the hG-CSF cassette presented a stable insertion of this construct into their genome and were efficiently synchronized to G0/G1 cell cycle stage. The transgenic fibroblasts were cloned by SCNT and produced 103 transferred embryos and 2 pregnancies, one of which reached 7 months of gestation.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Coastal sand dunes have been regarded as natural defenses to protect hinterland from disasters such as storm surge and typhoons. However, many dunes are not well-deserved in South Korea because of imprudent land development or inappropriate measures after coastal erosion. Lately, beach nourishment and dune reinforcement are emphasized as the effective and environmentally sustainable solution for the coastal protection. They are regarded good strategies to keep landscapes for a time, with little side effects. However, there is little knowledge on the construction methods including proper design and time plans for the best results.In addition, the effects of dune reinforcement in the field should be tested.In thisstudy, we performed sand filling in an eroded dune scarp and surveyed topographic changes in the beach-dune system, which is located along Dasa-ri coast, Chungnam Province, South Korea. Using a network RTK-GPS and drone-based aerial photographs, we analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in the area, before and after the reinforcement. As a result, the dune reinforcement seems to be helpful to mitigates the coastal erosion and to prevent the coastline retreat at least for one year.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2022

Heliminthic paramyosin is a multifunctional protein that not only acts as a structural protein in muscle layers but as an immune-modulatory molecule interacting with the host immune system. Previously, we found that paramyosin from Clonorchis sinensis (CsPmy) is bound to human complement C9 protein (C9). To analyze the C9 binding region on CsPmy, overlapping recombinant fragments of CsPmy were produced and their binding activity to human C9 was investigated. The fragmental expression of CsPmy and C9 binding assays revealed that the C9 binding region was located at the C-terminus of CsPmy. Further analysis of the C-terminus of CsPmy to narrow the C9 binding region on CsPmy indicated that the region flanking ⁷³¹Leu-⁷⁸⁰Leu was a potent C9 binding region. The CsPmy fragments corresponding to the region effectively inhibited human C9 polymerization. These results provide a precise molecular basis for CsPmy as a potent immunomodulator to evade host immune defenses by inhibiting complement attack.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2022

적 방공망 제압 임무는 현대전에서 전략적으로 중요한 임무이지만 적 방공자산에 직접적으로 노출될 위험이 높아 위험 부담이 크다. 따라서, 무인기를 활용하여 임무를 수행하는 것이 하나의 대안으로 제시된다. 본 논문에서는 무인기의 적 방공망 제압 임무 수행을 위한 경로 생성 기법과 생성된 경로에 대한 임무 효과도 산출 기법을 제안한다. 먼저, RRT 기반의 경로 탐색 알고리즘을 기반으로 적의 단거리 대공 위협을 고려할 수 있는 저공 침투/이탈 비행 경로 기법을 다룬다. 또한, 최단의 경로이면서 동시에 적의 단거리 대공 위협을 최대한 회피하는 표적 타격 경로를 생성하기 위해 Dubins 경로 기반의 타격 경로 생성 기법이 사용된다. 이를 통해 생성된 침투/타격/이탈 경로를 순서에 따라 통합한다. 통합된 경로를 기반으로 연료소모량, 무인기의 생존 확률, 임무 수행 소요 시간, 그리고 표적 파괴 확률로 이루어진 임무 효과도를 산출한다. 마지막으로, 제안된 적 방공망 제압 임무 경로 생성 기법 및 임무 효과도 산출 기법을 가상 시나리오를 통해 검증한다.