References
- Ames BN, Gold LS & Willett WC (1995). The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:5258-5265 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.12.5258
- Aprikian O, Levrat-Verny M, Besson C, Busserolles J, Remesy C & Demigné C (2001). Apple favourably affects parameters of cholesterol metabolism and of anti-oxidative protection in cholesterol-fed rats. Food Chem 75:445-452 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00235-7
- Aviram M (2000). Review of human studies on oxidative damage and antioxidant protection related to cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Res 33:S85-S97
- Bidlack WT & Tappel AL (1973). Damage to microsomal membrane by lipid peroxidation. Lipids 8:177-182 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544631
- Catapano AL, Maggi FM & Tragni E (2000). Low density lipoprotein oxidation, antioxidants, and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Cardiol 15:355-363 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001573-200009000-00008
- Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Hercberg S & Dallongeville J (2006). Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr 136:2588-2593
- Durrington PN, Mackness B & Mackness MI (2001). Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21:473-480 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.21.4.473
- Duthie GG & Bellizzi MC (1999). Effects of antioxidants on vascular health. Br Med Bull 55:568-577 https://doi.org/10.1258/0007142991902637
- Duthie SJ, Ma A, Ross MA & Collins AR (1996). Antioxidant supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cancer Res 56:1291-1295
- Dyun MAS & Pivonka E (2000). Overview of the health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption for the dietetics professional: selected literature. J Am Diet Assoc 200:1511-1521 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00420-X
- Fang YZ, Yang S & Wu G (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 18: 872-879 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00916-4
- Floreani M, Petrone M, Debetto P & Palatini P (1997). A comparison between different methods for determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in mammalian tissues. Free Radic Res 26:449-455 https://doi.org/10.3109/10715769709084481
- Folch J, Lees M & Sloane-Stanley GH (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497-509
- Gan KN, Smolen A, Eckerson HW & LaDu BN (1991). Purification of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase. Evidence for one esterase catalyzing both activities. Drug Metab Dispos 19:100-106
- Habig WH, Pabst MJ & Jakoby WB (1974). Glutathione S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249:7130-7139
- Hagen TN, Huang S, Curnutte J, Flower P, Martinez V, Wehr CM, Ames BN & Chisari FV (1994). Extensive oxidative DNA damage in hepatocytes of transgenic mica with chronic active hepatistis destined to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12808-12812 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.26.12808
- Jialal I, Norkus EP, Cristol L & Grundy SM (1991). Beta-Carotene inhibits the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1086:134-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(91)90164-D
- Kanner J, Harel S & Granit R (2001). Betalains - A new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem 49:5178-5185 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010456f
- Kim JM & Kim DJ (2004). The composition of dietary fiber on new vegetables. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 33:852-856 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.5.852
- Lee JH, Felipe P, Yang YH, Kim MY, Kwon OY, Sok DE, Kim HC & Kim MR (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation with red-pigmented leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on lipid profiles and antioxidant status in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet. Br J Nutr 101:1246-1254 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508073650
- Lee JH, Lee KT, Akoh CC, Chung SK & Kim MR (2006). Antioxidant evaluation and oxidative stability of structured lipids from extravirgin olive oil and conjugated linoleic acid. J Agric Food Chem 54:5416-542 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0603735
- Lichetnthäler R & Marx F (2005). Total oxidant scavenging capacities of common European fruit and vegetable juices. J Agric Food Chem 53:103-110 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0307550
- McCord JC & Fridovich I (1969). Superoxide dismutase. An enzymatic function for erythrocuprein. J Biol Chem 244:6049-6055
- Mecocci P, Cherubini A, Polidori MC, Cecchetti R, Chionne F & Senin U (1998). Oxidative stress and lymphocytes in Alzhemimer disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 6:313-316
- National Institutes of Health (1996). National Research Council, 'Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals'. National Academy Press, Washington DC. USA
- Nicolle C, Gueux E, Lab C, Jaffrelo L, Rock E, Mazur A, Amouroux P & Remesy C (2004). Lyophilized carrot ingestion lowers lipemia and beneficially affects cholesterol metabolism in cholesterol-fed C57BL/6J mice. Eur J Nutr 43:237-245 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-004-0465-3
- Nishimura N, Taniguchi Y & Kiriyama S (2000). Plasma cholesterollowering effect on rats of dietary fiber extracted from immature plants. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64: 2543-2551 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.2543
- Parthasarathy S, Santanam N, Ramachandran S & Meilhac O (1999). Oxidants and antioxidants in atherogenesis: an appraisal. J Lipid Res 40:2143-2157
- Petrozzi L, Lucetti C, Gambaccini G, Bernardini S, Dotto PD, Migliore L, Scarpato R & Bonuccelli U (2001). Cytogenetic analysis oxidative damage in lymphocytes of Parkinson’s disease patients. Neurol Sci 22:83-84 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100720170058
- Pinto MC, Mata AM & Lopes-Barea J (1984). Reversible inactivation of Sacchromyces cerevasiae glutathione reductase under reducing conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 228:1-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(84)90040-7
- Riso P, Pinder A, Santangelo A & Porrini M (1999). Does tomato consumption effectively increase the resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage? Am J Clin Nutr 69:712-718
- SAS Institute (2000). SAS Statistics Software, release 8.2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. USA
- Sepulveda-Jimenez G, Rueda-Benitez P, Porta H & Rocha-Soda M (2004). Betacyanin synthesis in red beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves induced by wounding and bacterial infiltration in preceded by an oxidative burst. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 64:125-133 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.08.003
- Singh PN, McCoy MT, Tice RR & Schneider EL (1988). A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175:184-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
- Siriwardhana N, Shahidi F & Jeon Y (2006). Potential antioxidative effects of cactus pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica) extract of radical scavenging and DNA damage reduction in human peripheral lymphocytes. J Food Lipids 13:445-458 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2006.00065.x
- Stehbens WE (1999). The oxidative stress hypothesis of atherosclerosis: cause or product? Med Hypotheses 53:507-515 https://doi.org/10.1054/mehy.1999.0801
-
Sulli KC, Sun J, Giraud DW, Moxley RA & Driskell JA (1998). Effects of
$\beta$ -carotene and$\alpha$ -tocopherol on the levels of tissue cholesterol and triglyceride in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Nutr Biochem 9:344-750 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00030-8 - Tanaka K, Miyazaki I, Fujita N, Haque ME, Asanuma M & Ogawa N (2001). Molecular mechanism in activation of glutathione system by Ropinirole, a Selective Dopamine D2 Agonist. Neurochem Res 26:31-36 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007672414239
- Tappel AL, Fleischer S & Packer L (1978). Glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol 52:506-523 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52055-7
-
Teow CC, Truong VD, McFeeters RF, Thompson RL, Pecota KV & Yencho GC (2007). Antioxidant activities, phenolic and
$\beta$ -carotene contents of sweet potato genotypes with varying flesh colours. Food Chem 103:829-838 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.033 - Tesoriere L, Butera D, D'arpa D, Gaudio FD, Allegra M, Gentile C & Liverea MA (2003). Increased resistance to oxidation of betalain-enriched human low density lipoproteins. Free Radic Res 37:689-696 https://doi.org/10.1080/1071576031000097490
- Urso ML & Clarkson PM (2003). Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation. Toxicology 189:41-54 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00151-3
- Vinson JA. Hao Y, Su X & Zubik L (1998). Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 46:3630-3634 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980295o
- Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, Luption JR & Turner ND (2004). Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. J Nutr 134:489-492
Cited by
- Hypolipidemic Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Experimentally Induced Hypercholesterolemic Model in Female Rats vol.5, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2010.14.23
- Relationship between Bone Morphological Microstructure and Inflammatory Markers in Growing Mice Fed a High Fat Diet vol.44, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.6.481
- Betanin-A food colorant with biological activity vol.59, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400484
- Effect of a barley-vegetable soup on plasma carotenoids and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease vol.57, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.15-11
- Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 1-Effect on Growth, Physiological, Microbiological and Immunological Performance of Broiler Chicks vol.12, pp.10, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.561.571
- Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 2-Effect on Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Chilled and Frozen Broiler Meat vol.12, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.572.581
- Effect of Freeze-Dried Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Leaf Supplementation on Biochemical and Anthropometrical Parameters in Overweight and Obese Individuals: a Pilot Study vol.74, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00730-0
- In vivo anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of buttermilk, milk fat globule membrane and Enterococcus faecium FFNL-12 vol.7, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.2.21
- High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in obese rats are ameliorated by yogurt supplementation vol.9, pp.1, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56538-0
- Betanin Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 Cells via SAPK/JNK and PI3 K Pathways vol.45, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02927-w
- Protective effects of beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves extract against oxidative stress in endothelial cells in vitro vol.34, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6612
- Leaves of White Beetroot As a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds vol.9, pp.8, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080944
- Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review vol.34, pp.8, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6653
- Evaluation of the combined effect of osmotic and Refractance Window drying on the drying kinetics, physical, and phytochemical properties of beet vol.38, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2019.1655439
- Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Extract Retards Alcoholic Liver Disease Progression by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in C57BL/6 Mice vol.12, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123884
- Comparative effects of repeatedly heated cooking oils on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in cholesterol-fed Sprague Dawley rats vol.51, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-11-2019-0338
- Multi-colored shades of betalains: recent advances in betacyanin chemistry vol.38, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1np00018g
- An Insight into the Abiotic Stress Responses of Cultivated Beets (Beta vulgaris L.) vol.11, pp.1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010012