• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.471-480
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• 2015

The market of public-private partnership (PPP) projects has reduced from 9.4 trillion won in 2007 to 4.5 trillion won in 2012. However, the need of PPP projects is brought up by a massive down scale of government financial business. Previous studies regarding PPP projects mostly evaluate profitability from the financial perspective or analyze risk factors as a whole. Although PPP projects generally have complex structure involving diverse stakeholders, such as contractor, financial investor, and special purpose company (SPC) operators, existing studies have rarely considered the different viewpoints of PPP project stakeholders. Therefore, purpose of this study is to develop a structural equation model (SEM) considering the diverse stakeholders of PPP projects. To this end, the authors first reviewed the organizational structure of PPP projects. Next, the identification of the factors affecting project profitability are done via comprehensive literature reviews. After that, we conducted in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys to reflect stakeholders' perspectives (contractors, financial investors, and SPC operators). As a result, a SEM model is developed to analyze direct and indirect effect on the PPP project performances. Finally, using the analysis results, relevant implications and directions for improvements are discussed. The prediction of the business performance of contractor, financial investor, and SPC operator is expect to be possible through the model developed and supports the strategy deduction that is appropriate for the participants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.598-602
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• 2004

The Tongcheng pig breed is a famous Chinese indigenous breed. The Ministry of Agriculture of China has filed it as 1 of 19 national key conservation breeds selected from more than 100 Chinese indigenous pig breeds in 2000. In order to improve the reproductive performance, it has been intensively selected to increase the litter size for about 10 years. The population randomly sampled from conservation nucleus of eight families in the Tongcheng pigs was genotyped for identification of their estrogen receptor locus polymorphisms with the PCR-RFLPs method. Only AB heterozygotes and BB homozygotes were detected, and $X^2$ test demonstrated that the locus was in disequilibrium at a significant level (p<0.05). In the present paper, the litter sizes in different parities were regarded as different traits. Holistic status of other unspecific and unidentified genes was estimated by using the statistical methods. Coefficients of kurtosis and skewness showed that the litter size still presented segregating characteristic in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th parities. Analysis of homogeneity of variance between families confirmed the results for the 5th, 7th and 8th parities. The heritability of litter size for the 1st to 10th parities was estimated with paternal half-sib model and individual estimated breeding values (EBVs) were evaluated by a single trait animal model as well. We found that the averages of EBVs for litter size in each parity did not differ significantly between genotypes, despite the significant difference for original phenotype records in the 3rd, 4th and 5th parities (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The results may be explained by the deduction that the polymorphisms of ESR locus are no longer the important genetic base of litter size variation when the frequency of allele B accumulated in the experience of selection procedure, and further conferring that there exist special genes associated with litter size in the recent Tongcheng pigs population can be made.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2016

Recently, as service design was introduced to improve the quality of public service, there have been many attempts to improve various public service. In the process, various stakeholders including general citizens are participating in the design improvement activity through a method of design service but the parties are facing a difficulty in the progress because of a limitation of time and budget and a lack of professionalism among the member while the parties are planning the process and activities based on the professional service design method. Persona method that is usually used in the process of service design is encountering a limitation as well. Also, there are continuous attempts to understand the limitation of persona and apply an alternative research method among service and UX designers. For this reason, this thesis is to recognize the limitation in deduction method of traditional persona and suggests a fast and economical production method of Rapid Persona speaking for the goal of users and overcoming the limitation. Furthermore, by applying the suggested method of making Rapid Persona to an actual public service design project of National Statistical Office, the test through an empirical study was conducted. This was conducted with the purpose of progressing a discussion in the respect of actual application beyond a banal discussion. Through the research method suggested in this study, it is expected to overcome the limitation of time and a lack of professionalism and, based on these, can be used in the process of various service design and UX design as establishing persona in a fast and easy way.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2017

In the face of current environment of changing markets and increasing competition, regional financial institutions are also attempting to meet the needs of customers using various methods such as offering new services that satisfy customer demands. This study seeks to determine for regional financial institutions which service products and quality factors affect customer satisfaction and loyalty, and compare service products and service quality sources with the goal of observing the comparative importance of each service factor. This sample is conducted by visiting customer survey from October 7th to October 30th, 2015 to Korea Credit Union Cooperative Association and Seoul Consumer Association. The sample is analyzed as follows. interest rate, deduction, insurance and welfare business had a significant effect on customer satisfaction level among the commodity factors of local financial institution, and accessibility, professionalism and empathy affect service satisfaction level. Second, customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty. In addition to the interest rate and professionalism factors, it is analyzed that deductions, insurance and welfare projects and empathy are important factors in the local financial institutions contributing to the local economy while providing financial convenience to local residents. This study suggests key points that regional financial institutions can use to differentiate their image in the competitive financial markets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.281-294
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• 2015

In order to quantitatively estimate the nonlinear destructive interaction of wave load with wind load, which is very vital for the optimal design of offshore wind energy converter, we carried out a hydraulic model test and wind tunnel test. As a substructure of offshore wind energy converter, we would deploy the monopile, which is popular due to its easiness in construction. Based on the simulation using Monte Carlo simulation using Kaimal spectrum and cross spectrum, the instantaneous maximum wind velocity is adjusted to 10 m/s. And, considering the wave conditions of the Western Sea where a pilot wind farm is planned to be constructed, $H_s=0.1m$, 0.15 m, 0.2 m is carefully chosen. It turns out that the nonlinear destructive interaction between the wind and wave loads acting on the offshore wind energy converter is more clearly visible at rough seas rather than at mild seas, which strongly support our deduction that a Large eddy, a swirling vortex developed near the bumpy water surface in the opposite direction of the wind, is the driving mechanism underlying nonlinear destructive interaction between the wind and wave loads.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Chungsangboha-tang (CSBHT) has analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsive and anti-histamine effects, so it alleviates the symptoms of asthma. For the comparison of anti-inflammatory effect(s) on CSBHT, PD098059 was used as a negative control. Materials and Methods : This study emphasized THP-1 cells, which had been well characterized as a human monocytic leukemic cell line. The cells resemble monocytes with respect to several criteria and can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. By using the MTS assay, it was possible to prove the safety of CSBHT. Results : Results shows that the CSBHT did not affected cell survival within $10^{1}$ ng/ml to $10^{5}$ ng/ml. Especially, $10^{5}$ ng/ml CSBHT treated cells show 70% deduction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene expression against that of LPS treated group. Furthermore, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels are down-regulated when treated with CSBHT with concentrations up to 100 ug/ml on monocyte-derived macrophages. Interestingly, CSBHT-treated samples showed that overall transcriptional activities were down-regulated to 20% of that of PD098059 ($TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitor). At protein level, the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed similar results as that of transcriptional activity. Results show that the protein level decreased more in the CSBHT-treated group (487 ${\pm}$ 87 pg/ml) than in the LPS-treated group (703 ${\pm}$ 103 pg/ml). In addition, the protein level of IL-8 in the CSBHT treated-group (9.84 ${\pm}$ 3.28 ng/ml) decreased similar as the expression of the control and PD098059-treated groups. Conclusion : CSBHT affects immune response, especially allergic responses and suppression of inflammatory reaction. The results provide us an alternative way to care for clinical inflammatory diseases, not only asthma but also the other possible general inflammatory and allergic diseases.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2012

The trends of Green growth and environmentally-friendliness came to be the key development indicator for sustaining global environment for the future. Korean government reflected these trends in the main flows of the national development index. Korean construction industry is concentrating investment on fields related to these trends such as technologies for carbon dioxide deduction, materials or products for environmentally-friendly building and alternative energy development, as well. However, efforts to follow these trends during the construction process as a step for production phrase are not being considered enough. In this study, we analysed current status and points to be improved of on-site environment management by surveying major project owners and representatives of the environmental affairs in the leading companies of those fields. Also, we suggested organizational structure and operation model as a solution for enhancing environmentally-friendliness for systematic approach to manage on-site environment in public construction sites. In addition to these solutions, further approaches such as shifting paradigm of project owners and contractors, securing workforce and practical budget for efficient management activities, developing environmental management manuals, setting standards for evaluation of activities are needed for the stable settlement of on-site environmental management.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2017

Because of abnormal weather, a heavy snow on the Northern latitudes occurs frequently. This has resulted in significant damage and recovery costs. In korea, it has been declared a special disaster area due to heavy snowfall in Gangneung and Pohang 2004, 2005 and 2011, so there was a revision of action instruction for the road snow removal. Although, in our current system, snow removing methodology, regional equipment holdings, and snow responsible interval, respectively, has been classified by the National Highway, near cities and provinces support system not yet prepared. Only, if snow removing is not possible within the region itself, which contained the contents of "support and assistance to military or nearby offices requests". In this thesis, we studied the disaster scenario development according to heavy snow and the response and support system to the features of each regional. For the scenario deduction, we preferentially collected day snowfall and disaster yearbook data to regionals, classified similar pattern and plotted GIS snow map. We also classified heavy snow disaster by region and type and we deduced five-step scenario. The five-step scenario is nationwide(1st-stage), the National Capital region(2nd-stage), the Chungcheong Provinces(3rd-stage), the Kangwon province(4th-stage) and the Ch?l a provinces(5th-stage). Therefore we build near provinces support system according to five-step scenario.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.84-96
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• 2013

Recently, architectural design has been changing from formal design to freeform design due to the digitalization of construction industry. Especially, the formal design has been accepted as a design trend recently and applied many times as a design concept in the architectural design competitions such as turn-key. However, various deflects such as water leak and cracks have been occurred because the traditional construction methods had been applied without any revision or adaptation of the formal construction method for the freeform building construction. Design and construction of freeform building has been developed as an new method in order to solve the problems and minimize the construction duration and cost for the freeform building. Therefore this research deduced the positive implications for developing freefrom envelope by analyzing the domestic and abroad cases and proposed the considerations during design and construction of the freeform envelope as follows. First, the freeform design should consider the constructability for the freeform envelope. Second, manufacturing technology for the two-way curvature of the unit panel should be developed. Third, exposed concrete form method should be developed for the freeform envelope of concrete. Forth, material characteristics, construction method and facility management should be considered in order to manage precipitation and keep water-proof according to the classification of the freeform envelope area.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.199-219
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• 2008

This study analyzed the contents of the 225 papers included in Korea Security Science Association during the decade -from 1997 to 2007. This study was classified the study method qualitative. First, characteristic of researchers(distinction of sex, distinction of academic degree, regional distribution, one's position and regional distribution, participants per paper). Second, study trends classified by fields of study(where receiving research expenses support or not, change of study subject). Third, study trends classified by methods of study(study method by year, study method by study subject, statistical analysis by year) were subdivided. Analysis shows that there are some shortcomings on the research of Korea Security Science Association as compared with other fields. However, it shows advanced trends for example participation in different study field, evenly distributed regional study participation, variety trial of analysis method. Then again, the distinction of sex, one's position, too much emphasis on independence research, vulnerability about support of research expenses, emphasis on study fields and study trends wandering from industrial circles are getting deeper In study methods, generalized research form such as document study and phenomenon technical case study is limited so deduction of kernel result is not thoroughgoing enough as well as it shows the trend that limits to duplicate and generalized proposal technic.