• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of feed supplementation with Hermetia illucens (HI) on the fecal score, blood profiles, immune response, and small intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 24 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 5.86±0.13 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments and 6 replicates on the basis of initial body weight. The experiment was accomplished over 0-14 days. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 3% HI. A linear response to increasing dietary HI was observed for the number of monocytes (p<0.01) and eosinophils (p<0.05), whereas red blood cells tended to decrease with increasing HI levels. Plasma TNF-α levels were also determined to linearly decrease with HI supplementation (p=0.07). Moreover, a linearly decreasing tendency (p=0.06) was observed in the fecal score with increasing dietary levels of HI. Weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with increasing dietary concentrations of HI showed linearly improved (p<0.05) duodenal villus height during the study period. Taken together, these results indicate the beneficial effects of HI on diarrhea reduction, immune response, and small intestinal morphology in weaned pigs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.187-202
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of indomethacin on prostaglandins in 4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide (4-NQO) induced palatal carcinoma of albino rats. 128 Sprague-Dawley strain albino rats-about 100g in body weight-were used in this study, divided into as belows; 1. Normal group (16-albino rats) with no treatment, 2. Control group (16-albino rats) treated with prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 3. Experimental group I (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 4. Experimental group II (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application with administered $20{\mu}g/ml$ of indomethacin in drinking water ad. lib. Four animals were sacrificed 7th, 13th, 19th, and 25th week respectively in normal and control group, and 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th week respectively in experimental group I and II at each time. The palatal and lingual tissues were excised and kept frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$. Densitometer scan and Beta-counting counter were used for the thin layer chromatography of the arachidonic acid metabolites. The obtained results were as belows; 1. In normal and control group, there was little change of the arachidonic acid metabolites during experiment period, and the tissue homogenates included prostaglandin $D_2$, 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$, prostaglandin $E_2$, thromboxane $B_2$, prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ in that order of relative abundances. 2. In experimental group I, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ 3. In experimental group II, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ also. 4. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in experimental group I than in group II. 5. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in palatal mucosa than in lingual mucosa in experimental group I and II.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an unexpected change in housing environment on stress in poultry. Laying hens (Hy-line Brown), adapted to a free-range housing system for more than a month, were randomly divided into two groups to be subjected to an unexpected change of their housing environment: one half of them were individually housed into conventional battery cages and the other continually left in the same housing system throughout the entire period of the study. The sudden change resulted in an increase in egg production and albumen height (P<0.05), but decrease in eggshell thickness (P<0.05). The change had tendency to increase Haugh unit ($P{\leq}0.061$) and to decrease eggshell color ($P{\leq}0.074$), but did not affect body weight for 5 days thereafter. No significant changes were detected in liver color. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone was acutely increased one day after the change (P<0.05), then returned to similar control levels. The results of the present study indicate that unexpected changes in housing environment cause acute increase in stress hormone concentrations, but interpretation of the results should be cautious due to the experimental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.883-897
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• 1997

Present study was undertaken in order to find out the most significant laboratory test for the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs. Seven dogs weighing from 5.0kg to 19.3kg were administered orally 6ml or l0ml of ethylene glycol per kilogram of body weight. In addition to clinical observations, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours or until death after the adminisration and examined for the hematological, blood chemical, venous blood gas and electrolyte changes. Urine samples were simultaneously taken and examined for pH, protein, glucose and calcium oxalate crystals in the sediments. The results were as follows : 1. All dogs showed marked hypothermia in addition to the characteristic signs of ethylene glycol poisoning until death. 2. No significant hematological changes were observable after the administration of ethylene glycol except the secondary dehydration and stress leukogram. 3. Chemical values related to the liver function(serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin) showed no significant changes during the experimental period in all dogs. 4. Chemical values related to the renal function(BUN and creatinine) showed significant(p<0.0l, p<0.001) increase from 24 hours to death in all dogs. 5. All dogs showed significant(p<0.01, p<0.001) decrease in blood pH from 3 hours to death after the ethylene glycol administration. 6. All dogs showed significant(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) increaes in anion gap from 1 hour to death after the ethylene glycol administration. 7. All dogs showed significant(p<0.05, p<0.01) decrease in urine pH from 1 hour to 6 hours after the administration of ethylene glycol. 8. Characteristic envelope form of calcium oxalate crystals were found in the urinary sediment from 6 hours after the administration of ethylene glycol in all dogs. 9. Histologically calcium oxalate crystals were found in the renal rubles in all dogs. 10. From these results, it may be concluded that the examinations of urinary sediments for the calcium oxalate crystals, blood or urinary pH and blood anion gap are most reliable tests for the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1796-1802
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimal space allowance on growth performance, blood profile and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of ninety crossbred pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$, $30.25{\pm}1.13kg$] were allocated into three treatments (0.96: four pigs/pen, $0.96m^2/pig$; 0.80: five pigs/pen, $0.80m^2/pig$; 0.69: six pigs/pen, $0.69m^2/pig$) in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were housed in balanced sex and had free access to feed in all phases for 14 weeks (growing phase I, growing phase II, finishing phase I, and finishing phase II). Results: There was no statistical difference in growing phase, but a linear decrease was observed on average daily gain (ADG, p<0.01), average daily feed intake (ADFI, p<0.01), and body weight (BW, p<0.01) with decreasing space allowance in late finishing phase. On the other hand, a quadratic effect was observed on gain to feed ratio in early finishing phase (p<0.03). Consequently, overall ADG, ADFI, and final BW linearly declined in response to decreased space allowance (p<0.01). The pH of pork had no significant difference in 1 hour after slaughter, whereas there was a linear decrease in 24 h after slaughter with decreasing space allowance. Floor area allowance did not affect pork colors, but shear force linearly increased as floor space decreased (p<0.01). There was a linear increase in serum cortisol concentration on 14 week (p<0.05) with decreased space allocation. Serum IgG was linearly ameliorated as space allowance increased on 10 week (p<0.05) and 14 week (p<0.01). Conclusion: Data from current study indicated that stress derived from reduced space allowance deteriorates the immune system as well as growth performance of pigs, resulting in poor pork quality. Recommended adequate space allowance in a grow-to-finish production system is more than $0.80m^2/pig$ for maximizing growth performance and production efficiency.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1228-1240
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• 2023

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on growth performance, blood profiles, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, and odor emission in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weaning ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) pigs (8.25±0.050 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to six treatments based on sex and initial BW, with five replicates of eight pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets with different crude protein levels for early and late weaning phases were as follows: i) CP16, corn-soybean-based diet containing 16%/15% CP; ii) CP17, corn-soybean-based diet containing 17%/16% CP; iii) CP18, corn-soybean-based diet containing 18%/17% CP; iv) CP19, corn-soybean-based diet containing 19%/18% CP; v) CP20, corn-soybean-based diet containing 20%/19% CP; and vi) CP21, corn-soybean-based diet containing 21%/20% CP. Results: In the early weaning period, average daily feed intake increased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.05). During the entire experimental period, average daily gain and the gain to feed ratio decreased when the dietary CP level increased (linear, p<0.01). Additionally, a decrease in dietary CP level resulted in a linear increase in final BW (linear, p<0.05). In the early and late weaning periods, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in creatinine, glucose, total protein, triglyceride or insulin-like factor-1 levels over the experimental period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG were not significantly affected by dietary CP levels during the experimental period. In the early weaning period, fecal and urine N decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). No differences in nutrient digestibility among the treatments during the early weaning period were found. Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, the diarrhea incidence decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, ammonia, amines and hydrogen sulfide decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Conclusion: Reducing dietary CP could decrease diarrhea incidence, the concentration of BUN in serum and odor emission in manure. Furthermore, it could improve N excretion in feces and urine and growth performance in weaning pigs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2013

Objectives: There has been an increase in the use of mind-body therapies to control cardiovascular risk factors recently. This trial was designed to determine whether the 'jeol'(Korean Buddhists' prostration) meditation program, as a new mind-body intervention, was effective in managing stress, depression and controlling cardiovascular risk factors in women working at a geriatric hospital. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether the 'jeol' meditation program could improve stress, anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular risk factors in women. We randomly assigned 57 participants to the intervention(29 participants) or control(28 participants) group. The subjects in the intervention group participated in a group Jeol meditation program once weekly, and practiced at home. The following variables were assessed: stress(Psychosocial Wellbeing Index), depression(Beck's Depression Inventory), body mass index(BMI), waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment(HOMA), low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride were assessed. Results: After the 8-week program, 2 participants from the intervention group and 1 from the control group dropped out. The subjects in the intervention group exhibited decreased scores for stress(t=5.102, p<0.01), depression(t=5.259, p<0.01), BMI(t=2.942, p=0.007), and waist circumference(t=2.582, p=0.016); however these scores did not demonstrate a significant decrease in participants of the control group. The other variables showed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The 'jeol' meditation program evidently reduced stress, anxiety, depression, body weight, and waist circumference in women, which suggests that this program could be employed as a mind-body therapies.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.25-35
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• 2014

The sedimentary rocks exposed around Mt. Palgong were subjected to metamorphism due to a granitic magma intrusion at late Cretaceous, and they eventually metamorphosed to hornfels by the action of both hydrothermal solution and high temperature supplied from the magma. The hornfels zone around the granite body ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 km in width but the boundary between hornfels and sedimentary rocks is not obviously defined because the metamorphic grade gradually decreases with distance from the granite boundary. A series of laboratory tests on 350 core specimens made by 35 fresh rock blocks obtained from 5 selected locations around Mt. Palgong are performed to verify the variation of physical and mechanical properties related to metamorphic grade of the rock. Water content and absorption ratio of the hornfels linearly increase with distance to the granite boundary whereas dry unit weight, p-wave velocity, point load strength, and slake durability index linearly decrease with the distance. These results imply that the metamorphic grade of the hornfels also linearly decrease with the distance to granite boundary. Empirical equations for the variation of properties with the distance to granite boundary and relationship between a property and another one are deduced by regression analyses. And a criteria for classification of hornfels exposed in the study area based on the P-wave velocity and point load strength is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.532-538
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• 2016

Menopause is characterized by a decrease in estrogen production by the ovaries. Furthermore, the risk of developing chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes increases in menopausal women. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Caragana sinica (CS) to affect lipid and glucose metabolism in an ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model of induced menopause. The animals were divwided randomly into three groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX), and ovariectomized rats treated with 1% water extract of CS (OVX-CS). The OVX-CS treated mice showed a significant decrease in body weight, adipose tissue, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. Improved lipid and glucose profiles were also observed, and were attributed to suppression of hepatic lipogenesis and adipokine production and regulation of glucose-regulating enzyme activity. Therefore, these findings indicate a potential use for CS as a functional food for menopause-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.343-350
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• 2005

Effects of Oenanthe javanica Sap on lipid composition, liver function and oxidative capacity were investigated in rats fed oxidized fat and ethanol. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $183.49\;{\pm}\;2.47g$ were distributed into four groups according to body weight and raised seven weeks with basal diet (normal group), basal diet, $10\%$ oxidized fat and $50\%$ ethanol (control group), basal diet, $10\%$ oxidized fat, $50\%$ ethanol and 1 ml Oenanthe javanica Sap (1 ml Oenanthe javanica Sap group) and basal diet, $10\%$ oxidized fat, $50\%$ ethanol and 1.5 ml Oenanthe javanica Sap (1.5 ml Oenanthe javanica Sap group), Total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma showed a tendency to decrease in Oenanthe javanica Sap groups. However HDL-cholesterol in plasma showed a high values in Oenanthe javanica Sap groups and showed no significant difference to normal group. The values of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver showed no significant difference in Oenanthe javanica Sap groups and normal group. The values of thiobarbituric acid in plasma and liver were lowered in the Oenanthe javanica Sap groups with no significance. Plasma GOT and GPT activity showed a tendence to decrease in Oenanthe javanica Sap groups. The values of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activity showed a tendence to increase in the Oenanthe javanica Sap groups.