• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1993

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Taxus cuspidata forest and at Birobong area in Sobeaksan. 24 plots(400$m^2$) set up with random sampling method. Four groups were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Symplocos chinensis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Pinus densiflora, Taxus cuspidata and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera, Acer mono and Styrax obassia, and high negative correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Taxus cuspidata, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Taxus cuspidata, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 1.3702-2.9119. To conserve Taxus cuspidata forest at Birobong area in Sobeaksan, research and rescription on the declining of Taxus cuspidata. forest was needed and Quercus mongolica, Styrax obassia, Tripterygium regelii and Weigela subsessilis in the Taxus cuspidata forest should be cleared out.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to find epidemiological trends in the prevalence of allergic diseases among children and adolescents in Jeju Province, Korea. Methods: Two questionnaire surveys of the same method were conducted, respectively, in 2008 and in 2013 with five years' interval with 1,296 participants in 2008 and 878 in 2013 who were elementary and secondary students sampled at random from the same five schools. 'International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)' was applied to the parents with their written consent to the survey. Results: The results of analysis showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of lifetime asthma (8.6% in 2008 and 10.4% in 2013) and in the prevalence of lifetime allergic rhinitis (25.3% in 2008 and 31.1% in 2013) (p=.003), and a decreasing trend in the prevalence of lifetime atopic dermatitis (32.0% in 2008 and 26.8% in 2013) (p=.011). Conclusion: This research showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis among children and adolescents in Jeju Province compared to that 5 years ago, but represented a declining trend in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2000

To achieve the advertising objectives, we must first draw out consumer's advertisingto advertising, and then realize the data processing course from comprehension to the retention of the advertising contents. In current media environment, however, the value of advertising as the method of attracting consumer's attention is declining due to the current situation of newspaper and magazine advertising as follows. As for newspapers, competitive messages are increasing on a continuous basis; the size of advertising section and the number of newspaper pages has been increased along with the popularization of color advertising. As for magazines, more pages are allocated for advertising rather than for the actual contents. In such communication environment, it is believed that only the advertising capable of uniquely appealing to consumers can achieve the purpose of advertising. Hence, this research attempts to discuss the effective ways of promoting attention in print media through the case studies covering the design principles relating to layout and the layout format, among the visualization processes related to the consumers'memory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 1998

Stewed pumpkin juice(SPJ) has recently become popular as a health drink, and its consumption is growing rapidly. Well ripened pumpkin was heated in a pressure cooker and squeezed to an extract and then packed in retort pouches. The ingredient of ginger, onion, jujube and boxthorn was added to samples of SPJ in order to observe the effect on the composition of SPJ during production and storage at 28oC for 60 days. The level of the main mineral(K) in pumpkin varied when the ingredients were added. The pH of control SPJ showed more changes than the SPJs with ingredients added, and there was almost no change in the samples with boxthorn. During storage, titrable acidity decreased in all samples, and the SPJs with ginger and jujube showed relatively little change compared to the samples of control SPJ and SPJ with onion. As for soluble solid and reducting sugar, the SPJs with jujube and boxthorn showed the highest reading. For carotenoid, the SPJs with jujube, ginger, boxthorn and onion listed according to the amount of carotenoid contained more total carotenoid than the control SPJ. Most of the carotenoid in pumpkin and its extract was found to be carotene by HPLC and Chandler's method. Sensory evaluation of the SPJ samples with ingredients revealed preference for the taste of the SPJs with jujube, ginger and boxthorn in declining order of preference. The taste of SPJs with ingredients added was generally preferent over the control SPJ except the case of SPJ with onion.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.41-62
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• 2007

The Fish aquacultural Industry has been developed rapidly since 1990s in Korea. The total production of fish aquaculture was 5,000ton in the beginning of 1990s, but it was an excess of 80,000ton in 2005. In the beginning of 1990s, the percentage of flatfish yield was 80% of the fish aquaculture in the respect of production. And it has been maintained 50% level in 2005. In this point of view, flatfish aquaculture played the role of leader in the development of fish aquaculture. Rapid increasing of production was not only caused to decreasing in price basically, but also it threatened the management of producer into insecure price for aquacultural flatfish. Therefore, it needs the policy for stabilizing in price, but it is difficult to choose the method because the basic study was not accomplished plentifully. This study analyzed about price structure of aquacultural flatfish. A period of analysis was from January 2000 to December 2005, and a data was used monthly data for price. The principal result of this study is substantially as follows. 1) The price of producing and consuming district is closely connected. 2) A gap between producing district price and consuming district price is decreasing recently, It seems to be correlated with outlook business of aquacultural flatfish. 3) Trend line of the price was declining until 2002, but it turned up after that. The other side, circulated fluctuation was being showed typically. 4) The circle of circulated fluctuation was growing longer, so it seems that the producer was doing a sensible productive activity to cope with changing price. As a result, government's policy needs to be turned into price policy from policy of increased production for aquacultural flatfish. It seems that the best policy is price stabilization polices. And also, government needs to invest in outlook business for aquaculture constantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2013

In areas such as trade area analysis and urban planning, the maturity assessment of central places is important information to be taken into account for rational decision-making. In this study, 3 business areas, typical retail businesses (retail, personal service, food and beverage), are extracted from year 2004 and 2009 phone books, and centrality index and location quotients for 3 business areas are calculated. Using these outputs growth, declination, and maturation of central places are figured out, then comparing and analyzing these results assessment method for central places is proposed. As a result, it is known that the maturity of central place, such as growing, declining, and maturing, can be assessed by comparing the location quotients of 3 retail business areas. In growing central place, location quotient of food and beverage business is much higher than others, and in maturing central place, that of retail business is much higher than others. Assessment results of central places are very useful, as an important index, to determine branch opening or select business area, in trade area analysis.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.45-79
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• 1996

Rising publication costs and declining financial resources have resulted in renewed interest among librarians in resource sharing. Although the idea of sharing resources is not new, there is a sense of urgency not seen in the past. Driven by rising publication costs and static and often shrinking budgets, librarians are embracing resource sharing as an idea whose time may finally have come. Resource sharing in electronic environments is creating a shift in the concept of the library as a warehouse of print-based collection to the idea of the library as the point of access to need information. Much of the library's material will be delivered in electronic form, or printed. In this new paradigm libraries can not be expected to su n.0, pport research from their own collections. These changes, along with improved communications, computerization of administrative functions, fax and digital delivery of articles, advancement of data storage technologies, are improving the procedures and means for delivering needed information to library users. In short, for resource sharing to be truly effective and efficient, however, automation and data communication are essential. The possibility of using full-text online databases as a su n.0, pplement to interlibrary loan for document delivery is examined. At this point, this article presents possibility of using full-text online databases as a means to interlibrary loan for document delivery. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows : First, turn-around time and the cost of getting a hard copy of a journal article from online full-text databases was comparable to the other document delivery services. Second, the use of full-text online databases should be considered as a method for promoting interlibrary loan services, as it is more cost-effective and labour saving. Third, for full-text databases to work as a document delivery system the databases must contain as many periodicals as possible and be loaded on as many systems as possible. Forth, to contain many scholarly research journals on full-text databases, we need guidelines to cover electronic document delivery, electronic reserves. Fifth, to be a full full-text database, more advanced information technologies are really needed.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

Tumor angiogenesis was simulated using a two-dimensional computational model. The equation that governed angiogenesis comprised a tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) conservation equation in time and space, which was solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. The time derivative in the equation was approximated by a forward Euler scheme. A stochastic process model was used to simulate vessel formation and vessel elongation towards a paracrine site, i.e., tumor-secreted basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In this study, we assumed a two-dimensional model that represented a thin (1.0 mm) slice of the tumor. The growth of the tumor over time was modeled according to the dynamic value of bFGF secreted within the tumor. The data used for the model were based on a previously reported model of a brain tumor in which four distinct stages (namely multicellular spherical, first detectable lesion, diagnosis, and death of the virtual patient) were modeled. In our study, computation was not continued beyond the 'diagnosis' time point to avoid the computational complexity of analyzing numerous vascular branches. The numerical solutions revealed that no bFGF remained within the region in which vessels developed, owing to the uptake of bFGF by endothelial cells. Consequently, a sharp, declining gradient of bFGF existed near the surface of the tumor. The vascular architecture developed numerous branches close to the tumor surface (the brush-border effect). Asymmetrical tumor growth was associated with a greater degree of branching at the tumor surface.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

The important of Smart City has been increasing on the driving force of 4^th industrial revolution and method to solve urban problems. Korea government introduced and implemented ubiquitous City as an intrinsic Smart City brand from the early 21^th century. Diverse types of Smart City projects were announced as national strategy by the spatial characteristics. National Test-Beds in Sejong city and Busan(EDC: Eco Delta City) are urban planning to be future city models for new town development. In the old towns in cities, various type of Smart City projects are support by government by urban growth stage; frontiers, stable or declining urban realm. 「3^rd Comprehensive Plan for Smart City(2019 ~ 2023)」 in Korea plans an important role to build innovative ecosystem and reinforce global competiveness by spreading of Smart Cities. For the successful Smart City as open and inclusive space, it is need that this space should be made by the cooperation of citizens, private sectors and local and central government.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.624-634
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• 2020

The ability of natural and modified clay to adsorb phenol was studied. The clay samples were analyzed by different technical instruments, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter were also determined using B.E.T method. Up to 73 and 99% of phenol was successfully adsorbed by natural and activated clay, respectively, from the aqueous solution. The experiments carried out show that the time required to reach the equilibrium of phenol adsorption on all the samples is very close to 60 min. The amount of phenol adsorbed shows a declining trend with higher pH as well as with lower pH, with most extreme elimination of phenol at pH 4. The adsorption of phenol increases proportionally with the initial phenol concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity at 25 ℃ and pH 4 was 29.661 mg/g for modified clay (NaMt). However, the effect of temperature on phenol adsorption was not significant. The simple modification causes the formation of smaller pores in the solid particles, resulting in a higher surface area of NaMt. The equilibrium results in aqueous systems were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm equation (R² > 0.98). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² > 0.99). The adsorption of phenol on natural and modified clay was spontaneous and exothermal.