• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.16-25
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• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 참나무 6수종(樹種)의 비교내후성(比較耐朽性)을 조사하기 위해 실험실적(實驗實的)인 방법(方法)으로 실시(實施)되었다. 비교내후성(比較耐朽性)은 Lentinus edodes 균(菌)과 Pleurotus ostreatus 균(菌)에 의한 중량감소율(重量減少率)로 나타내었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. L. edodes 균(菌)에 대한 내후성(耐朽性)이 가장 강한 재종(村種)은 졸참나무(Q. serrata TH.)의 심재(心材)와 갈참나무(Qaliena BL.)의 변재(邊材)였으며, 상수리나무(Q. acutissima C.)의 심재(心材)와 떡갈나무(Q.dentata TH.)의 변재(邊材)가 가장 약하였다. 2. P. ostreatus균(菌)에 대한 내후성(耐朽性)이 가장 강한 재종(材種)은 졸참나무(Q. serrata TH.)의 심재(心材)와 갈참나무(Q. aliena BL.)의 변재(邊材)였으며, 굴참나무(Q. variabilis BL.)의 심재(心材)와 떡갈나무(Q. dentata TH.)의 변재(邊材)가 가장 약하였다. 3. 참나무 6수종(樹種)의 절단고(切斷高)에 다른 중량감소율(重量減少率)은 일관(一貫)된 변화(變化)가 없었다. 4. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 고찰(考察)하여 볼 때 참나무 6樹種(수종) 자연상태(自然狀態) 하(下)에서의 P. ostreatus균(菌)과 L. edodes 균(菌)에 대한 내후성(耐朽性)이 가장 강한 수종(樹種)은 갈참나무(Q. aliena BL.)로 사료(思料)된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

In this study, the Korean pine wood (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana Guinier) was treated with a mixture of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid. Their usability as fire retardant and as decay-resistant construction and interior materials were evaluated by testing of chemicals, corrosion rate and absorption rate, weight loss and chemical contents. An experiment was performed to compare treated pine wood and Italian poplar wood. According to the results, Italian poplar wood had higher specific gravity and retention of chemicals than pine wood, and treated wood showed higher decay-resistance than untreated one. Weight loss was less in treated wood than untreated one because the degree of decay was lower in the former than the latter. Corrosion rate and absorption rate met the KS standard for wood preservative performance. The chemical contents analysis was carried out to determine the degree of decay and it was found that the preservative effect of chemical treatment was lower in Italian poplar wood than in pine wood.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1984

Both of the isother mally and thermally stimulated surface potential decay characteristics(SPDC) have been investigated not only in corona charged polysulfone(PSF) which is one of heat resistant polymer, but also in corona charged polyethyleneterephthalate(PET) and polyfluoroethylene propylene(Teflon FEP) under the same experimental condition. PSF and PET shows similar SPDC in the high teperature region. Also the effect of polarity on SPDC observed from PSF and Teflon FEP shows almost the same phenomenon. From these results, we suggest that the mechanism on SPDC of PSF could be explained as the bulk conductivity from the characteristic analysis concerning PET and electron affivity from characteristic analysis concerning Teflon FEP.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

Boron compound had many advantages as wood preservative, but it was prone to leaching. Improving boron preservation was required to extend the service life of fast growing and low durability red jabon (Antochephalus macrophyllus) hardwood. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability, color change and durability of modified red jabon wood by double impregnation with boron and methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heat treatment. Impregnation I used boric acid or borax, and impregnation II used MMA, while heat treatment used temperatures of 90 ℃ or 180 ℃ for 4 hours. The dimensional stability, leachability, water absorption, color change and decay resistance of modified red jabon wood were tested. The results showed that MMA impregnation increased the dimensional stability of red jabon wood, while the leaching and water absorption in the wood significantly reduced. Heating at 180 ℃ caused less water absorption and higher dimensional stability of the wood than that of heating at 90 ℃. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed by heating at 90 ℃ resulted in the highest wood ASE, 89.9%. The color change (∆E^*) of wood increased significantly after MMA impregnation and heating at 180 ℃. Boric acid impregnation caused more resistant wood than borax impregnation against decay fungi and termites. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed with heating at 180 ℃ increased significantly the wood resistance against decay fungi and termites.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2000

아까시나무의 목질부와 현사시나무, 물푸레나무 및 느릅나무의 수피를 채취하여 아세톤-물의 혼합용액으로 추출한 후 hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate 및 물 분획으로 분류하고 동결건조하며 생리활성 시험용 추출분말을 조제하였다. 각 수종의 목질부에서 채취된 목재 블록에 대하여 수행된 내후성 시험은 아까시나무가 가장 우수하였으며 현사시나무가 가장 낮은 내후성을 나타내었다. 목질부 또는 수피부 추출물에 대한 항진균, 항세균 및 항산화 활성 시험이 수행되었으며 항진균 및 항세균에 대한 활성 시험에서는 모든 분획에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 항산화 활성 시험은 천연 항산화제인 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 합성 항산화제인 BHT를 표준물질로 사용하여 추출물 분획의 항산화 활성과 비교하였다. 이 시험에서 물푸레나무의 ethylacetate 분획이 BHT를 제외하고 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며 아까시나무는 모든 분획이 다른 수종보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 어선의 운동성능을 향상하기 위해 부착되는 부가물의 조합과 파라미터 변경에 따른 어선의 자유 횡 동요 감쇠와 저항 성능을 평가하였다. 성능 평가를 위해 전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamics)을 이용한 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 주요 부가물인 빌지킬과 선저킬의 조합과 치수 변경에 따른 횡 동요 주기와 감쇠 계수의 변화를 확인하였다. 선저킬의 경우 길이가 변화함에 따른 횡 동요 감쇠 계수의 변화가 상대적으로 크지 않음을 확인하였다. 반면 빌지킬의 경우 길이와 각도의 증가에 따라서 횡 동요 감쇠 계수가 증가함을 확인하였다. 4가지 부가물 조합 조건과 나선의 저항 성능을 비교하였으며, 부가물에 의한 어선의 자세와 압력분포의 변화로 인해 저항이 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 부가물 크기와 배치가 어선의 운동 및 저항 성능에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있었으며, 어선 적용 시에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2000

아까시나무의 목질부와 현사시나무, 물푸레나무 및 느릅나무의 수피를 채취하여 아세톤-물 혼합용액(7:3, v/v) 으로 추출한 후 hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate 및 수용성으로 분획하고 동결건조하여 분말로 조제한 후 메탄올-물 등의 용리용매로 Sephadex LH-20 칼럼에서 크로마토그래피를 수행하였다. 물푸레나무에서는 aesculitin 및 그 파생물인 fraxetin 등 다량의 쿠마린 화합물과 에스테르화합물을 단리하였으며, 느릅나무로부터 C-7에 xylopyranose와 apiofuranose와 같은 5탄당이 결합된(+)-catechin 배당체 화합물과 procyanidn B-3를 단리하였다. 아까시나무에서는 leucorobinetinidin의 C-4에 ethoxyl 기가 결합된 flavan 유도체 화합물과 robinetin 등의 flavanonol 화합물을 단리하였다. 현사시나무에서는 taxifolin 등의 후라보노이드 화합물과 배당체인 sakuranetin-5-O-glucopyranoside를 단리하였으며 살리신 유도체인 salireposide 등을 단리하였다. 내후성 시험에서는 목재블록에 부후균을 접종하여 배양한 후 중량감소를 측정하는 방법과 목분-agar 배지에 부후균을 접종한 후 균사의 생장 직경을 측정하는 방법을 적용하였다. 아까시나무가 다른 시룓르보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었으며 특히 메탄올 추출머리를 하지 않은 시료가 처리한 시료보다 좋은 균사생장 저해효과를 나타냈다. 항산화 활성 시험에서는 물푸레나무의 에틸아세테이트 분획이 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, 아까시나무의 에틸아세테이트 분획도 비교적 높은 효과를 나타내었고, 이 두 분획으로부터 단리된 주요 단리화합물에 대해서는 물푸레나무의 aesculetin이 가장 높았으며 아까시나무의 robinetinidin도 비교적 좋은 효과를 나타냈다.)나 틈새시장(niche market) 마케팅 등에 적용 가능하리라 여겨진다.된다.다.산물로 판단되었다.징하며 WLWQ에 적용되는 몇 가지 제약을 관찰하고 이를 일반적인 언어원리로 설명한다. 첫째, XP는 주어로만 해석되는데 그 이유는 XP가 목적어 혹은 부가어 등 다른 기능을 할 경우 생략 부위가 생략의 복원 가능선 원리 (the deletion-up-to recoverability principle)를 위배하기 때문이다. 둘째, WLWQ가 내용 의문문으로만 해석되는데 그 이유는 양의 공리(the maxim of quantity: Grice 1975) 때문이다. 평서문으로 해석될 경우 WP에 들어갈 부분이 XP의 자질의 부분집합에 불과하므로 명제가 아무런 정보제공을 하지 못한다. 반면 의문문 자체는 정보제공을 추구하지 않으므로 앞에서 언급한 양의 공리로부터 자유롭다. 셋째, WLWQ의 XP는 주제어 표지 ‘는/-은’을 취하나 주어표지 ‘가/-이’는 취하지 못한다(XP-는/-은 vs. XP-가/-이). 이는 IP내부 에 비공범주의 존재 여부에 따라 C의 음운형태(PF)가 시성이 정해진다는 가설로 설명하고자 했다. WLWQ에 대한 우리의 논의가 옳다면, 본 논문은 다음과 같은 이론적 함의를 기닌다. 첫째, WLWQ의 존재는 생략에 대한 두 이론 즉 LF 복사 이론과 PF 삭제 이론 중 전자의 입장을 지지한다. 둘째, WP를 XP로부터 복원할 때 부분 자질만 복사된다. 이는 어휘가 통사층위로 들어온 이후에도 어휘 자질들이 완전히 동결되는 것이 아니라 계속 지시될 수 있다는 가설을 지지한다.ance and stress, and high threshold voltage. Besides, sheet resistance and stress value, rms(root mean square) by AFM were observed. On the electrical

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2020

Fungi are wood-decaying organisms, and this is an important trait that should be considered in wood utilization. When fungi attack wood, it decreases the quality of the wood. The use of metal screws has become an important part of woodworking. The ability of fungi to decay wood and damage metal screws that are embedded into wood is varied. In this study, eight fungal species were evaluated with respect to their ability to decay Parashorea smythiesii and P. tomentella wood. In addition, the effect of fungi on corroding metal screws was determined using the Kolle flask method. The evaluation showed that the fungal species Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Polyporus arcularius were highly capable of decaying Parashorea spp. woods. The greatest wood weight loss occurred with the heartwood of P. tomentella exposed to S. commune. Based on the classification of wood resistance against fungal attack, the two Parashorea spp. were classified as moderately resistant woods (class III). Schizophyllum commune was classified as highly capable of decaying wood that was embedded with metal screws and was highly capable of corroding metal screws placed in fungi-culture media. The greatest weight of rust powder formed because of screw corrosion was obtained from screw-embedded wood exposed to S. commune. Additionally, the most severe corrosion of metal screws that were embedded into woods was caused by the activities of P. arcularius. Moreover, the average weight loss of screw-embedded wood was greater than that of unscrewed wood.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

Clubroot disease of curcifer crops caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae had been first reported in 1928 in Korea, and maintained mild occurrence until 1980s. Since 1990s the disease has become severe in alpine areas of Kyonggi and Kangwon, gradually spread to plain fields throughout the country, and remains as the great-est limiting factor for its production. Researches on the disease has begun in late 1990s after experiencing severe epidemics. Survey of occurrence and etiological studies have been carried out, particularly, on the pathogen physiology, race identification, quantification of soil pathogen population, and host spectrum of the pathogen. Ecology of gall formation and its decay, yield loss assessment associated with time of infection, and relationships between crop rotation and the disease incidence was also studied during late 1990s. In studies of its control, more than 200 crucifer cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to the disease. Lime applica-tion to field soil was also attempted to reduce the disease incidence. Resistant radish and welsh onion were recommended as rotation crops with crucifers after 3-year field experiments. However, so for, most studies on clubroot disease in Korea have been focused on chemical control. Two fungicides, fluazinam and flusulfamide, were selected and extensively studied on their application technologies and combination effects with lime application or other soil treatment. To develop environmentally-friendly control methods, solar-disinfection of soil, phosphoric acid as a nontoxic compound, and root-parasiting endophytes as biocontrol agents were examined for their effects on the disease in fields. In the future, more researches are needed to be done on development of resistant varieties effective to several races of the pathogen, establishment of economically-sound crop rotation system, and improvement of soil-disinfection technique applicable to Korean field condi-tion, and development of methodology of pretreatment of fungicides onto seeds and seedbeds.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2016

In severe loss of coolant accidents (LOCA), similar to those experienced at Fukushima Daiichi and Three Mile Island Unit 1, the zirconiumalloy fuel claddingmaterials are rapidlyheateddue to nuclear decay heating and rapid exothermic oxidation of zirconium with steam. This heating causes the cladding to rapidly react with steam, lose strength, burst or collapse, and generate large quantities of hydrogen gas. Although maintaining core cooling remains the highest priority in accident management, an accident tolerant fuel (ATF) design may extend coping and recovery time for operators to restore emergency power, and cooling, and achieve safe shutdown. An ATF is required to possess high resistance to steam oxidation to reduce hydrogen generation and sufficient mechanical strength to maintain fuel rod integrity and core coolability. The initiative undertaken by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing an ATF cladding with capability to maintain its integrity in $1,200-1,500^{\circ}C$ steam for at least 24 hours. This ATF cladding utilizes thin-walled Mo-alloys coated with oxidation-resistant surface layers. The basic design consists of a thin-walled Mo alloy structural tube with a metallurgically bonded, oxidation-resistant outer layer. Two options are being investigated: a commercially available iron, chromium, and aluminum alloy with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, and a Zr alloy with demonstratedcorrosionresistance.Asthese composite claddings will incorporate either no Zr, or thin Zr outer layers, hydrogen generation under severe LOCA conditions will be greatly reduced. Key technical challenges and uncertainties specific to Moalloy fuel cladding include: economic core design, industrial scale fabricability, radiation embrittlement, and corrosion and oxidation resistance during normal operation, transients, and severe accidents. Progress in each aspect has been made and key results are discussed in this document. In addition to assisting plants in meeting Light Water Reactor (LWR) challenges, accident-tolerant Mo-based cladding technologies are expected to be applicable for use in high-temperature helium and molten salt reactor designs, as well as nonnuclear high temperature applications.