• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

The Korean government recently announced a plan of the Carbon Neutral policy in addition to the Green New Deal of the Korean New Deal and the Renewable Energy 3020. The energy sector is entering the era of major transformation involving the expansion of decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization. DNA-oriented ICT technology will be incorporated into the sector. Further, new energy industries and services are being realized via efficient and smart operation and by appropriately managing the energy-environment changes. Recently, ETRI presented a technology development map for 2035 comprising 12 new concepts in four major fields(personal, social, industrial and public) of national intelligence. This map includes the concept of "Energy Maestro" associated with the field of public intelligence for human sustainability. This paper briefly introduces this concept and ETRI's Energy-R&D status. Based on the domain knowledge and the experience acquired through the R&D, ETRI will lead to a new paradigm with respect to the creation of new energy services and industries via the incorporation of the new ICT technologies including AI and big-data into the energy sector.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.372-384
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• 2022

Total shipping accounts for 2.9 % of the annual average percentage of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. The International Maritime Organization implements EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index), Energy Efficiency eXisting-ship Index (EEXI), and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) as regulatory frameworks for shipping decarbonization. The Republic of Korea has enforced the Act on Development and Popularization of Greenship from 2020 and publicly announced the 1st national plan which was named 『2030 Greenship-K Promotion Strategy』 for the activation of a greenship market. The Greenship Certification Scheme is going on for the sustainability of Korean shipbuilding and shipping industries, to secure clean maritime environments, as well as to contribute to the national economy. Greenship Certification guarantees the credit of such eco-friendly technologies and products for shipping. The certification is going to be the basis of industrial competitiveness in coastal and international shipping. This study investigates an existing certification process, identifies the limitations, and proposes the process improved with several case studies. The improved certification scheme may have rationality for Net-zero with regard to climate alignment.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Tonnage taxation has contributed to developing the Korean maritime industry through tax relief for shipping companies. The current tonnage taxation relies on the net tonnage as an earning-capacity indicator in a merchant ship. Although the tonnage tax accords with horizontal equity, it does not match vertical equity because of the different taxable capacities of an individual company. Nowadays, maritime transport uses a dedicated vessel, and each shipping freight embeds a different value of time. It means the tonnage taxation regime should consider the added value of each shipping freight. Meanwhile, as the environmental regulations led by the International Maritime Organization are being strengthened, the Korean merchant fleet must be eco-friendly soon after. This study explores the alternative to renewing tonnage taxation by utilizing the Greenship certification and considering the ability-to-pay principle. Because the Greenship certification scheme encourages shipping decarbonization, maritime transport by a certified ocean-going vessel comes to be treated as an activity for the green economy. Special taxation for the green economy may contribute to shipping sustainability and market competitiveness.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.162-163
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• 2022

Maritime transportation is going to transfer to alternative fuels as a result of the worldwide demands toward decarbonization and tougher maritime emissions regulations. Methanol is considered as a potential marine fuel, which has the ability to reduce SOx and CO₂ emissions, reduce climate change effects, and achieve the objective of green shipping. This work proposes and combines the innovative combination system of direct methanol solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), gas turbines (GT), and organic Rankine cycles (ORC) for maritime vessels. The system's primary power source is the SOFC, while the GT and PEMFC use the waste heat from the SOFC to generate useful power and improve the system's ability to use waste heat. Each component's thermodynamics model and the combined system's model are established and examined. The multigeneration system's energy and exergy efficiency are 76.2% and 30.3%, respectively. When compared to a SOFC stand-alone system, the energy efficiency of the GT and PEMFC system is increased by 19.2%. The use of PEMFC linked SOFC has significant efficiency when a ship is being started or maneuvered and a quick response from the power and propulsion plant is required.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2022

As customer needs for eco-friendly transportation services increase, strategies of major global shipping companies are being established to meet them. Even if logistics costs increase, more and more shippers are choosing shipping companies that fulfill their social responsibilities through decarbonization, and against this backdrop, global shipping companies want to strengthen corporate social responsiveness and reduce shipping environmental costs. In the post-corona era after COVID-19, it is necessary to review the latest Green Shipping management strategies of shipping companies emerging as a new normal for the shipping and logistics industries. This study aims to explore trends in the latest Green Shipping management strategies of global shipping companies pursuing environmental load suppression in the shipping and logistics fields. Among the previous studies, some studies analyzed the green shipping policies of major shipping countries, but they did not deal with the latest policies over time, and few previous study has conducted a fact-finding analysis on the latest Green Shipping management strategies of major shipping companies at the corporate level. This study attempted to analyze securities reports by major domestic and international shipping companies and to present the latest Green Shipping management strategies by shipping companies.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2012

In this paper, some ideas are proposed to establish the infrastructure of all-electric houses which are able to reduce primary energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission by adopting heat pump systems and induction heating cookers excluding the use of fossil fuel energy. This electrification concept is based on the consumption of only one type of energy which means electricity as secondary energy and the conventional fossil fuel energy is just consumed to generate electricity as primary energy. All-electric house is laid on the extension of the hydrogen economy in a long-term viewpoint so that the effectiveness of this new conceptual house is estimated analyzing the reduction of $CO_2$ emission. In this analysis, the balance of electricity supply and demand is considered including the construction of new power plants by renewable energy such as nuclear, IGCC and fuel cell because decarbonization is an essential element of hydrogen technology and economy and this action is accomplished in both supply and demand side of electricity. The results are able to contribute to develop various useful hydrogen policies and strategies and some detail researches are required previously to make the best application of this new conceptual house.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.526-531
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• 2001

LD slag, that is, a by-product of steel making process, has been mainly used as land construction materials. Recently, the seashore application of LD slag was tried in Japan and Korea tut the reaction between LD slag and seawater was not studied yet. We tried to clarify the leaching reaction and/or mechanism of LD slag and the reaction between seawater and LD slag. We tried to apply these results to the decarbonization of seawater for seawater magnesia process. At first, LD slag was milled and classified into 5 grades, that is, (ⅰ)45${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ under, (ⅱ)0.25~0.5mm (ⅲ)0.5~1mm(ⅳ)1~2mm, (ⅴ)2.36~3.35mm. These slags were leached in the distilled water. In case of 45${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ under, the pH of the leached solution was over 12. The chemical analysis of leached solution showed that the $Ca^{+}$$^2$was main component and the S $i^{+}$$^4$was very low. On the other hand, the content of S $i^{+}$$^4$in leached solution was decreased with the increase of pH of this solution. The nearly pure calcium solution was made and the ultra high purity MgO could be made with this calcium solution. The leaching behavior of LD slag was different between the fine particle and coarse particle. The calcium was leached by bulk dissolution in the coarse particle and by surface controlled reaction in fine particle. The leaching rate was slow in coarse particle and fast in fine particle. Therefore, the high pH solution, that is, over 12, was obtained in fine particle.cle.e.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2004년도 제20회 발표논문집
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

The forged iron axe found in the No. 2 wood-framed tomb (the middle 3rd century) of Hwangseongdong, Gyeongju is rectangular on the plane level. It shows an obtuse angle in the edge part, while the joint part has the both sides folded up and shows the traces of wood. Under the reflected light, the Iron axe shines in metal luster, which is bright light gray or light creamy colors. The result of x-ray diffraction analysis shows that the axe consists of magnetite and geothite, which can explain why the composition and structure of the original ore has been kept intact. The microtexture of the axe has the irregular network of ferrite and pearlite, and tile cementite of tiny amount in the ferrite background. The overall treatment of the texture seems to be thermal with a high ratio of carbon. There are fine-grained magnetite, wolframite, quartz, calcite, mica, hornblende and pyroxene inside the axe. Those must be the impurities that they failed to remove in the refining process. The normal ferrite is composed of pure iron whose $Fe_2O_3$ proportion is from 99.16 to $99.84\;wt.\%$. Other than them, the ferrite parts usually contain $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$. The irregular network of pearlite also contains Impurities including $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ and shows highly diverse patterns of carbon content. It's because the axe was carburized after the material was made to resemble pure iron. The decarbonization work didn't go well along the process marks. It's estimated that the original ore was bloom produced in low-temperature reduction and formed around in $727^{\circ}C$, which is eutetic temperature.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2021

Hydrogen is evaluated as one of the new energy sources that can overcome the limitations and pollution problems of conventional fossil fuels. Although hydrogen is CO₂-free, attention is required in NO_x emission and flame stability in order to use hydrogen in existing gas fuel system. However, use of electric grids is an unrealistic strategy for decarbonization for residential and commercial heating. Instead, use of H₂ that utilizes city gas grid is suggested as a reasonable alternative in terms of compatibility with existing systems, economic feasibility, and accessibility. In this study, the thermal efficiency and NO_x performance of the boiler according to the H₂ mixture ratio and vapor humidified ratio are reviewed for a humidified NG-H₂ boiler that vapor humidity to combustion air. Mixed fuel with H₂ (20%) is almost similar to NG in terms of efficiency, flame temperature, and pollution performance. Thus, it is expected to be directly compatible with the existing NG system. If the exhaust temperature of the H₂ boiler is lowered to around 60℃ at a humidified ratio of 15-20%, the NO_x emission concentration can be suppressed to about 5-10 ppm. The level of efficiency reaches 87% of the rated load efficiency, which is equivalent to the highest grade achievable.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1070-1077
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• 2022

최근 국제해사기구의 해양환경오염규제가 강화되어 오고 있다. 선박의 에너지 효율지수는 선박의 설계관점에서 매우 중요한 지표이다. 더욱이 새롭게 건조되는 선박은 물론 기존 운항 선박에도 에너지 효율지수를 만족하도록 강화하고 있다. 이에 따라 운항되고 있는 기존선박의 에너지 효율지수를 높이기 위해 선수 벌브개조, 운항 중 트림 최적화, 에너지 절감장치등 다양한 방법이 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전산 유체역학을 이용하여 다양한 선수/선미 트림조건에서 선박의 저항성능을 계산하고 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 최적화 된 트림조건에서 선박의 저항성능을 더욱 개선하기 위해 선수 벌브의 형상을 재설계하였다. 그 결과 정수 중에서 개선된 벌브 형상을 적용한 경우, 유효마력이 약 5% 향상되는 것을 확인하였으며, 향후 파도 중에서 재설계된 벌브형상이 저항성능에 미치는 영향을 조사할 예정이다.