• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2002

The study was conducted to estimate stimulation of plant growth of blue and red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as affected by covering methods with vinyl materials containing concentrated PO film. Plants were grown in direct, direct and tunnel, and tunnel covering with 'Pasraido materials' from October 13 to 31. With the covering mean air temperature, soil temperature, leaf temperature and relative humidity remarkedly increased. Higher temperature was observed in the order of direct and tunnel, direct, tunnel covering and the control. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF, $\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ . s$^{-1}$ ) was observed in reverse order of temperature. Concentration of $CO_2$ was higher during night than during day under the light. Accumulation of highest $CO_2$ at night was obtained from direct coverings followed by direct and tunnel, tunnel covering and the control. Plant height, leaf number and leaf area of blue and red lettuces were stimulated by direct covering. However, there was no significant difference.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 1992

Diurnal and seasonal variation of demersal fishes of Asan Bay were studied using seasonal samples collected by an otter trawl from autumn 1989 to summer 1990. For each sampling period, three to five trawl hauls were completed to obtain day and night samples. Of 32 species identified, Chaturichthys stigmatias, Cynoglossus joyneri, Thrissa koreana, Repomuenus lunatus and Hexagrammos otakii accounted for $79.5\%$ of the individuals collected, and C. joyneri, T koreana, H. otakii, Raja kenojei and Kareius bicoloratus constituted $67.1\%$ of the biomass obtained. Apparently, larger number of individuals and greater biomass were collected in night hauls. However, there is no significant difference between day and night samples in community structure, mean abundance and body length of the dominant demersal species. The greatest numbers and biomass of fishes were collected in summer and the lowest in winter. The abundance of fishes in the study area were dependent upon seasonal effects such as temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2001

These studies aimed to determine how lighting might be used to improve feed intake and reduce aggressive behavior in newly weaned pigs. To examine whether this objective could be achieved an experiment was conducted to compare performance, behavior and body condition of weaners over 17-45 days, provided similar lighting quality (i.e. color temperature, color rendering index and lighting distribution) after weaning that piglets experienced prior to weaning. Triphosphor (TP) lighting to simulate daylight was provided during the day while at night, Pascal red (PR) lighting was provided to simulate the night-light piglets previously had received from infrared heating lamps. This treatment was compared to weaners provided conventional cool-white fluorescent light during the day only. Weaners on treatment lighting from 17-45 days of age showed no improvement in body weight or feed conversion at 24, 31, 38 and 45 days compared to the controls. There was, however, a significant improvement (p<0.05) in feed intake in the first week of weaning for weaners provided TP/PR lighting. Over the first 3 days of weaning, pigs on TP/PR lighting showed an increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of ear chewing but reduced (p<0.05) levels of nosing the abdomen of other pigs and reduced (p<0.05) occurrences of being stood on by other pigs. Females exhibited more (p<0.05) mounting and nosing behaviors and rubbing the heads of other pigs than males. On the other hand, males engaged in more (p<0.05) fighting, nipping, ear chewing and standing on other pigs compared to females. Pigs provided PR lighting on the first night of weaning engaged in higher (p<0.05) incidences of nosing and tail sucking behaviors, more (p<0.05) head thrusting, fighting and ear chewing compared to control pigs. The body condition of weaners provided the TP/PR lighting treatment was significantly poorer (p<0.05) compared to weaners on control lighting. In conclusion there was no improvement in production performance of weaners provided new technology lighting apart from the improvement in feed intake in the first week weaners were exposed to the TP/PR lighting.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.250-254
• /
• 2005

The contents of flavonol glycosides, $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$(1), $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glactoside$ (2), $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-rhamnoside$ (3), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ (4) and $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-D-rhamnoside$ (5) in the houseleeks controlled by night-break, day-length control, and temperature during overwintering were determined to be compared with those in wild one. The contents of the flavonol glycosides 1-5 in the houseleeks were decreased roughly with warming during overwintering, and increased with longer light duration under the day-length control experiments. While warming functioned negatively on the production of the flavonol glycosides in the houseleek, longer light irradiation did positively during overwintering.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2016

The study was performed to evaluate thermal insulation covering materials (TICMs) to protect peach trunks against freezing temperatures in winter season by investigating thermo-physical properties and practical thermal insulation effect of the TICMs which was made of white non-woven fabrics, yellow paper sheets, and waterproof fabric pads. Among the three TICMs, Waterproof fabric pad (double layer) possessed the best performance about thermal insulation rate and thermal resistance among three kinds of TICMs. Day thermal insulation effects of waterproof fabric pad, which prevent from temperature rise on the bark tissues of trunks during the day time, were $14.09^{\circ}C$. Night thermal insulation effects of them, which prevent from temperature decline on the bark tissues of trunks at night time, were $7.23^{\circ}C$. Waterproof fabric pad showed the highest day and night thermal insulation effects. Thus our results suggest that development of TICMs using waterproof fabric pad might be helpful to protect the bark tissues of trunks from freezing injury.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.755-757
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum temperature after BA treatments for the indution of flowering in Cymbidium ensifolium 'Tekkotsusosin'. Flowering rate was 90% at $30/25^{\circ}C$ (day/night), 50% at $25/20^{\circ}C$ and the natural condition as control, and non flowering at $20/15^{\circ}C$. Malformation rate of flower shape was at $25/20^{\circ}C$, 4% at $30/25^{\circ}C$, and 9% in the natural condition. The length and number of flowering stalks per plant were most at $30/25^{\circ}C$ treatment. After BA spraying, the lowest air temperature for flowering was assumed to be about $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.11
• /
• pp.1475-1484
• /
• 2016

To analyze the cooling effect of urban green areas, we conducted micrometeorological measurements in these areas and their surroundings in Seoul, Korea. From the average hourly temperature measurements through each month for the last two years (March 2013 to February 2015), we found that the maximum temperature difference between urban and green areas was about $2.9^{\circ}C$ at 16:00 LST in summer, and the minimum was about $1.7^{\circ}C$ at 22:00 LST in winter. In summer, the temperature difference was the largest during the day, rather than at night, due mainly to shading by the tree canopy. The specific humidity difference between the two areas was about $1.5g\;kg^{-1}$ in summer, and this decreased in the winter. The specific humidity difference between urban and green areas in summer is relatively large during the day, due to the higher evapotranspiration level of biologically active plants.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2013

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the $10^{th}$ floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time; whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during night-time in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 1995

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of raising seedling methods of cold water, low night temperature, and abandoned mine on forcing culture of strawberry. The results were as follows ;1. $17^{\circ}C$ cold water alone and cold water plus 8-hour short day treatments significantly accelerated the flower bud differentiation of Nyoho cultivar to 11 and 15 days, respectively, comparing to common soil raising seedling.2. The date of flower bud differentiation of Nyoho cultivar as influenced by cold water treatment the 17th, the 13th and the 10th of September, respectively, when the seedlings were treated on the 10th of September and on the 25th and the 10th of August in 1991. In 1992, data showed that the flower bud differentiation dates were the 4th and the 2nd of September and the 29th of August when cold water treatment was done on the 10th of August and on the 25th and the 10th of July.3. The first harvest date when Nyoho cultivar was treated by cold water for 30days from Jul. 25 was Nov. 10, this implying that the harvesting day could advanced to 19 days comparing to that by the common soil raising seedling method. The resulting yield was recorded to 21.94 ton per hectare.4. Regardless of the starting date of the treatment, $13^{\circ}C$ low night temperature plus 8-plus short day treatments for 20 days required 17 days to differentiate the flower bud of Nyoho cultivar. Harvesting day could be advanced to 59 days comparing to that by the common raising seedling method when the seedling was treated on July 25, this resulting in increasing the total yield obtained by April 14 of following year to 8.25 ton per hectare.5. When the seedlings of both Nyoho and Hokowase cultivars were raised under the condition of abandoned mine, flowering and harvest date were earlier by the treatment for 20 days than that for 30 days or 40 days. The highest yiesd obtained was recorded in Nyoho cultivar or 1.88 ton per hectare.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.52
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 1999

We report on some of the preliminary results of the physiological responses resulting from vehicular speed changes. Healthy human subjects (n=5) were studied for the experiments. We measured the physiological responses of the subjects such as Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), and skin temperature for day and night vehicular speed change experiments, respectively. Before and after the tasks, we carried out a self-report for acquiring correlation with experiment results. Mean heart rate variability (HRV) and amplitude of GSR and skin temperature were calculated for 3 minutes duration in each state. The analysis of the physiological measures of ANS activity revealed that vehicle speed change-based affective state evoked arousal response pattern featured by HR acceleration, decrease of skin temperature, and increase of GSR amplitude. The obtained results show that despite some differences observed between each state, overall physiological responses show that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases as a result of the increase of speed.