• Informatization Policy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.47-66
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• 2020

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning and deep learning is expanding its impact in the public administrative and public policy sphere. This paper is an exploratory study on policy decision-making in the age of artificial intelligence to design automated configuration and operation through data analysis and algorithm development. The theoretical framework was composed of the types of policy problems according to the degree of problem structuring, and the success and failure cases were classified and analyzed to derive implications. In other words, when the problem structuring is more difficult than others, the greater the possibility of failure or side effects of decision-making using artificial intelligence. Also, concerns about the neutrality of the algorithm were presented. As a policy suggestion, a subcommittee was proposed in which experts in technical and social aspects play a professional role in establishing the AI promotion system in Korea. Although the subcommittee works independently, it suggests that it is necessary to establish governance in which the results of activities can be synthesized and integrated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.1 s.18
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine farmers' intentions, attitudes, and the type of filming they are involved in, including to provide supporting data for planning the agricultural strategy and Green Belt policy in Seoul. All the collected data was analyzed using the contingency tables and the Chi-square test using the SAS computer statistical package. The leaseholders did not want to change the current Green Belt policy for the study area, while the landowning farmers hoped for either its revision or dissolution. Both groups pointed out that the Green Belt policy resulted in the delay of development and complained about the difficulty of changing the land use type. The older generation supported the dissolution of the Green Belt, policy, as compared with the younger generation who wanted to maintain or modify the policy. The leaseholders worried that the possible changes in the Green Belt policy might affect the current agricultural land contract system, whereas the landowning farmers were very interested in easing restrictions on changing land use. The compensation plan, which is indemnified land owners for their loss of restrictions on land use, might be useful to sustain urban farming in the Green Belt.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to report current trend of Mibyeong health policy and service in China from interview of China Technology Research Group. Methods : China Technology Research Group visited Guanganmen hospital, Yanhuang Dongfang Company, Xinjingzhen health center, and Shanghai Shuguang hospital. With an interpreter, We had interviews about Mibyeong health service and policy trend, medical instrument, and research issue. Results :Mibyeong health service was performed based on KY3H system and collaboration with traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Mibyeong health service consists of diagnosis with nine constitutional type, health guide and preventive treatment. Community health center also provide Mibyeong health service, with cooperative treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. China's Mibyeong health policy is established by Top-down decision, even though there is not enough evidence for providing health service to consumer. Through constitutional diagnosis, examinations, and treatment, huge data have been stacked; however, assessment and research based on these data are not processed well. Cooperative treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine is widely provided to patients, and their works are relatively well classified. Conclusions : China plays leading role in Mibyeong service and it seems to be developed more than Korea's. Further study is necessary to establish Mibyeong policy and health service in Korea.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2018

Health technology assessment (HTA) is defined as multidisciplinary policy analysis to look into the medical, economic, social, and ethical implications of the development, distribution, and use of health technology. Following the recent changes in the social environment, there are increasing needs to improve Korea's healthcare environment by, inter alia, assessing health technologies in an organized, timely manner in accordance with the government's strategies to ensure that citizens' medical expenses are kept at a stable level. Dedicated to HTA and research, the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) analyzes and provides grounds on the clinical safety, efficacy, and economic feasibility of health technologies. HTA offers the most suitable grounds for decision making not only by healthcare professionals but also by policy makers and citizens as seen in a case in 2009 where research revealed that glucosamine lacked preventive and treatment effects for osteoarthritis and glucosamine was subsequently excluded from the National Health Insurance's benefit list to stop the insurance scheme from suffering financial losses and citizens from paying unnecessary medical expenses. For the development of HTA in Korea, the NECA will continue exerting itself to accomplish its mission of providing policy support by health technology reassessment, promoting the establishment and use of big data and HTA platforms for public interest, and developing a new value-based HTA system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2015

This study, according as the limits on learning and unsatisfaction about e-learning are emerging and the structural contradictions of the e-learning industry are continuing, was carried out to present the policy alternatives for solving these. As a means for overcoming the limitations of e-learning and the healthy growth of e-learning industry, this study presents the application of Bigdata in e-learning and proposes several practical challenges of policy. Policy action plans are technology development support, professional manpower support, SME application support, legal improvement.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.309-325
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• 2000

Organizations rely on Secure ID resources today to handle vast amounts of information. Because the data can vary widely in type and in degree of sensitivity, employees need to be able to exercise flexibility in handling and protecting it. It would not be practical or cost-effective to require that all data be handled in the same manner or be subject to the same protection requirements. Without some degree of standardization, however inconsistencies can develop at introduce risks. Policy formulation is an important step toward standardization of security activities for ID resources. ID security policy is generally formulated from the input of many members of an organization, including security officials, line managers, and ID resource specialists. However, policy is ultimately approved and issued by the organization's senior management. In environments where employees feel inundated with policies, directives, guidelines and procedures, an ID security policy should be introduced in a manner that ensures that management's unqualified support is clear. The organization's policy is management's vehicle for emphasizing the commitment to ID security and making clear the expectations for employee involvement and accountability. This paper will discuss ID security Policy in terms of the different types (program-level and issue-specific), components, and Implementation of Expert System Simulation based on 4GL, PowerBuilder.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.342-356
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• 2019

Background: The objectives of the study are to find out the effect of the implementing reform in three Central Asian countries, identify its impact on health status and health care delivery systems. This study address to identify strong and weak points of the health systems and provide a recommendation for further health care organization. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of implemented policy on health care system efficiency and equity. Secondary data were collected on selected health indicators using information from the World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure Database, European Health Information Platform, and World Bank Open Data. Results: In terms of population status, countries achieved relatively good results. Infant mortality and under-5 mortality rate decreased in all countries; also, life expectancy increased, and it was more than 70 years. Regulations of the health systems are still highly centralized, and the Ministry of Health is the main organ responsible for national health policy developing and implementation. Among the three countries, only Kyrgyzstan was successful in introducing a national health system. Distribution of health expenditure between public expenditure and out-of-pocket payments was decreased, and out-of-pocket payments were less the 50% of total health expenditure in all countries, in 2014. Conclusion: After independent, all three countries implemented a certain number of the policy reform, mostly it was directed to move away from the old the Soviet system. Subsequent reform should be focused on evidence-based decision making and strengthening of primary health care in terms of new public health concepts.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-74
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• 2017

What are some of the explanations for cross-national diversity of foresight performance among technological followers? Why are some countries more successful than others in learning how to develop national innovation system foresight? This paper argues that the answers are linked to organizational capacities at three different levels: governmental, policy network and social learning. To corroborate this argument, the paper chose Iran and Korea as benchmarking partners, and attempts to find out what makes Iran a slow learner in building innovation system foresight. The conceptual model is an improved model of Saritas's, by integrating Borras' and Andersen's conceptions and classifications. The data are collected from comprehensive interviews in both countries and second-hand data of international indexes. The paper, finally, concludes that it is the weakness of analytical-systemic capacity that impedes and delays the emergence of systemic foresight in Iran, and that this weakness stems from the adverse impacts of the dominant institutions, surrounding the innovation system. The final point is that it is not sufficient for Iran to learn the methods and techniques of foresight from Korea. It should learn how to open its macro-policy towards the global market and design appropriate industrial strategy in a coherent policy-strategy portfolio.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

Purpose: Support policies for small and medium-sized retailers (SMSRs) have been promoted in various ways over the past 20 years, but they are generally regarded as unsuccessful. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process and impact of policy changes, identify the reasons for the lack of success, and explore policy alternatives. Research design, data and methodology: This study explored major policies in various categories such as the retail industry, traditional markets, and Micro-Enterprises from the mid-1990s to the present. It also analyzed the short- and long-term impacts of major policies at the retail format level like SMSRs, using data from Statistics Korea's service industry survey. Results: This research found that sudden shifts in policy philosophy conflicted with the existing market structure and reduced the effectiveness of policies. It also found that policies aimed at improving competitiveness at the SMSRs-level had some effect, while polices aimed at supporting expenses at the individual store-level were difficult to achieve their intended purpose. Conclusions: The failure of the policy to support SMSRs is fundamentally due to the late response and conflicts between policies. It was also not successful due to the policy's focus on individual store-level expenses and maintaining employment rather than structural improvements of SMSRs format.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

This study examined the influence of the separation of prescribing and dispensing roles(SPD) policy implemented in Korea in July 2000, especially on the change in the net profit of medical institutions. Using the data set from the Korea's National Health Insurance and the previous research, this study elicited the following main results. First, tertiary care institutions was estimated to lose about 631 billion won after the SPD policy. Second, general hospitals and hospitals gained about 557 billion and 564 billion won, respectively. Third, it is shown that clinics also gained 389-659 billion won. Finally, however, the change in net profit of medical institutions after the SPD policy largely depends on different estimation models. Moreover, it also varies from the assumptions on the price differential of a reimbursable drug which worked as cross-subsidy to insufficient physician's fee before the SPD policy. Despite such limitations as lack of data outside of the National Health Insurance's coverage, this study differs from others. This is the first research to explore the effect of the SPD policy on different types of medical institutions and to attempt to purely focus on the SPD policy. In this study, we can draw the policy implication that preparing for a policy change, the government should set up the policy evaluation system to collect the concerned data and develop the methodologies in advance to the policy implementation.