• Advances in environmental research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-159
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• 2018

Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs) is a class of biogenically emitted oxygenated hydrocarbons that have been identified as a potential source of Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) via aqueous oxidation. The physico-chemical properties of GLVs are vital to understanding their fate and transport in the atmosphere via fog processing, but few experimental data are available. We studied the aqueous solubility, 1-octanol/water partition coefficient, and Henry's law constant ($K_H$) of five GLVs at $25^{\circ}C$: methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. Henry's law constant was also measured at temperatures and ionic strengths typical of fog. Experimental values are compared to scarcely-available literature values, as well as estimations using group and bond contribution methods, property-specific correlations and molecular dynamics simulations. From these values, the partition coefficients to the air-water interface were also calculated. The large Henry's law constant of methyl jasmonate ($8091{\pm}1121M{\cdot}atm^{-1}$) made it the most significant GLV for aqueous phase photochemistry. The HENRYWIN program's bond contribution method from the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI Suite) produced the best estimate of the Henry's constant for GLVs. Estimations of 1-octanol/water partition coefficient and solubility are best when correlating an experimental value of one to find the other. Finally, the scavenging efficiency was calculated for each GLV indicating aqueous phase processing will be most important for methyl jasmonate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.460-465
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a novel pattern classification method based on statistical properties of the given data and fuzzy-rough set to minimize the coupling problem of the rules. In the proposed method, statistical properties is used by a selection criteria for deciding a partition number of antecedent fuzzy sets, and for minimizing an coupling problem of the generated rules. Moreover, rough set is used as a tool to remove unnecessary attributes between generated rules from the numerical data. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, we compared the classification results (i.e, classification precision) of the proposed with the conventional pattern classification methods on the Fisher's IRIS data. From experiment results, we can conclude that the proposed method shows relatively better performance than those of the classification methods based on the conventional approaches.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.30-40
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• 2016

This study analyzed the attention concentration tendencies of one(1) subject who showed convergent exploratory acts actively through the gaze-brainwave measurement experiment of cafe space images and our research findings are as follows. First, the areas of interest (AOIs) that the subject gazed visually by paying attention to it and concentrating on it at a cafe space include counter&menu area, sign area, partition area, image wall area, stairs area, and movable furniture area, and built-in furniture area: seven areas in total. Second, conscious gaze frequency appeared the highest in counter&menu area, and conscious gaze appeared more later than in initial times. Third, conscious gaze pattern was divided into the zone that explored various areas dispersely (distributed exploratory zone) and the zone that explored between particular areas concentratedly (intensive exploratory zone). Fourth, as a result of analyzing the brainwave attention concentration, it was found that the attention concentration in prefrontal lobe (Fp1, Fp2) and frontal lobe (F3, F4) rose to a higher level in the zone of 15 to 16 seconds and this time zone was considered to be a zone where gazing at counter&menu area was very active. In addition, the attention concentration appeared higher in the initial zone than in the later zone, among the entire experimental time zones. Finally, as a result of analyzing the changes in activation by brain portion of the SMR wave expressed when maintaining the arousal and attention concentration, it was found that the right prefrontal lobe and the frontal lobe became activated in the time zone when the intensive exploration of "counter&menu area" and "movable furniture${\leftrightarrow}$built-in furniture area" had occurred and the time zone when the intensive exploration of "image wall${\leftrightarrow}$partition area" and "counter&menu${\leftrightarrow}$sign area" had occurred.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.253-260
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• 2014

European Space Agency has recognized Integrated Modular Avionics and ARINC specification 653 as avionics computer system for space application. Integrated Modular Avionics specification reduces the space by integrating a system composed of many electronic devices into a computer. recent researches have been studying how to apply the ARINC 653 into an open source operating system, such as Linux. These studies have concentrated on partition scheduling for time separation. However, requirements to guarantee spatial separation should be further analyzed to ensure deterministic execution time. Therefore, memory management is needed to verify spatial isolation on Linux systems. This research proposes a new method to accomplish spatial isolation for the ARINC 653 specification in Linux. We have added new data structures and system calls to handle functionalities for spatial separation. They are used during the partition startup process. The proposed method was evaluated on the LEON4 processor, which is the next generation microprocessor to be used in the future space missions. All implementations confirm that spatial isolation of the ARINC 653 specification was accomplished.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.617-621
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• 2011

$Coptis$ $chinensis$ Franch rhizome is one of the important traditional Korea medicines with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer properties. The methanol extract of rhizome from the $Coptis$ $chinensis$ rhizome was purified by using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and HPLC method. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol:acetic acid:water at a ratio of 4:1:5. Berberine (16.8 mg) was successfully isolated by CPC and HPLC. The chemical structure of the compound was identified by (1 H)$^1H$, $^{13}C$-NMR and ESI-MS spectral data analysis.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 2016

One of major issues in machine learning that extracts and acquires knowledge implicit in data is to find an appropriate way of representing it. Knowledge can be represented by a number of structures such as networks, trees, lists, and rules. The differences among these exist not only in their structures but also in effectiveness of the models for their problem solving capability. In this paper, we propose partition utility as a criterion function for clustering that can lead to simplification of the model and thus avoid overfitting problem. In addition, a heuristic is proposed as a way to construct balanced hierarchical models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2003

A new cluster validity index is proposed that determines the optimal partition and optimal number of clusters for fuzzy partitions obtained from the fuzzy c-means algorithm. The proposed validity index exploits an overlap measure and a separation measure between clusters. The overlap measure is obtained by computing an inter-cluster overlap. The separation measure is obtained by computing a distance between fuzzy clusters. A good fuzzy partition is expected to have a low degree of overlap and a larger separation distance. Testing of the proposed index and nine previously formulated indexes on well-known data sets showed the superior effectiveness and reliability of the proposed index in comparison to other indexes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.827-835
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• 2005

A three-dimensional ecological model (EMT -3D) was applied to Nonylphenol in Tokyo Bay. EMT -3D was calibrated with data obtained in the study area. The simulated results of dissolved Nonylphenol were in good agreement with the observed values, with a correlation coefficient(R) of 0.7707 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.5940. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that biodegradation rate and bioconcentration factor are most important factors for dissolved Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol in phytoplankton, respectively. In the case of Nonylphenol in particulate organic carbon, biodegradation rate and partition coefficient were important factors. Therefore, the parameters must be carefully considered in the modeling. The mass balance results showed that standing stocks of Nonylphenol in water, in particulate organic carbon and in phytoplankton are $8.60\times 10^5\;g,\;2.19\times 10^2\;g\;and\;3.78\times 10^0\;g$ respectively. With respect to the flux of dissolved Nonylphenol, biodegradation in the water column, effluent to the open sea and partition to particulate organic carbon were $6.02\times10^3\;g/day,\;6.02\times10^2\;g/day\;and\;1.02\times10^1\;g/day$, respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

A simple and quick method based on the transient diffusion theory for predicting the steady state rate of penetration of a drug after transdermal drug administration was proposed. The amount of drug entering the stratum corneum was determined by 20 strippings with an adhesive tape. From the profile of the amount of drug as a function of the number of strippings, the quantity of drug on the surface of stratum corneum was extrapolated. Based on the amounts of drug entering the stratum corneum during two time intervals $(t_1\;and\;t_2)$ within 1 hour after the application, the diffusion and partition coefficient were determined. Once the diffusion coefficient of the drug in the stratum corneum and the partition coefficient (stratum corneum/vehicle) were determined from the present approach, the steady-state flux of penetration across the stratum corneum was calculated. The steady-state rates of penetration of ascorbic acid and estradiol across hairless mouse skin were evaluated from this approach and compared with those obtained from ill vitro penetration experiment using excised hairless mouse skin. The data confirmed that the proposed method can predict the steady-state rate of penetration of these drugs across the stratum corneum.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

Knowledge of organic micropollutant transfers in barrier seal materials from waste storage facilities is limited to volatile organic compounds and phenolic compounds at ambient temperature. This study focused on the sorption of chlorophenols (CPs) from various geotextiles from clay geosynthetics under the influence of temperature. Also to study the impact of the polarity or the amount of CPs adsorbed on geotextiles with the partition coefficient. The effect of various parameters such as contact time, effect of temperature, initial CPs concentration and adsorbent dosage has been carried out in this study. The result obtained is non-linear and the data was calculated for affinity with Freundlich isotherm model. An important observation is that the amount of CPs sorbed on geotextiles increases with a growing number of chlorine atoms, ie increases with the partition coefficient (log K_ow). During this study, a decrease in adsorbent properties was observed with the rise in temperature from 23℃ to 55℃. The partitioning coefficients for CPs examined range are from 2.4 (R² = 0.86) to 8.4 mL/g (R² = 0.90). Among the CPs studied, the highest adsorbed quantity was observed for pentachlorophenol with 0.052 g/g at 23℃, this quantity will decrease with the increase in temperature.