• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

In this study, we assessed meteorological and agricultural drought based on the SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index), SMP(Soil Moisture Percentile), and SMDI(Soil Moisture Deficit Index) indices using satellite-based TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)/GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement) images at the province of Chungcheongbuk-do. The long-term(2000-2015) TRMM/GPM precipitation data were used to estimate the SPI values. Then, we estimated the spatially-/temporally-distributed soil moisture values based on the near-surface soil moisture data assimilation scheme using the TRMM/GPM and MODIS(MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images. Overall, the SPI value was significantly affected by the precipitation at the study region, while both the precipitation and land surface condition have influences on the SMP and SMDI values. But the SMP index showed the relatively extreme wet/dry conditions compared to SPI and SMDI, because SMP only calculates the percentage of current wetness condition without considering the impacts of past wetness condition. Considering that different drought indices have their own advantages and disadvantages, the SMDI index could be useful for evaluating agricultural drought and establishing efficient water management plans.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.173-182
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• 2016

AI (Artificial Intelligence) has attracted interest as a key element for technological advancement in various fields. In Korea, internet companies are leading the development of AI business technology. Active government funding plans for AI technology has also drawn interest. But not everyone is optimistic about AI. Both positive and negative opinions coexist about AI. However, attempts on analyzing people's opinions about AI in a quantitative way was scarce. In this study, we used text mining on SNS (Social Networking Service) to collect opinions about AI. And then we performed a comparative analysis about whether people view it as a positive thing or a negative thing and performed a comparative analysis to recognize popular key-words. Based on the results, it was confirmed that the change of key-words and negative posts have increased through time. And through these results, we were able to predict trend about AI.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.243-254
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of motivation and hygiene factors on nurse's job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational identification. Methods: The subject hospital was 4 tertiary general hospital located in Seoul and Incheon, Korea. The participants of this study were 521 nurses working in the subject hospitals. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires from April 1 to June 30, 2004. The data were analyzed using SAS 8.0 program for descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score of variables were as follows. The motivation factor's total was 3.22, hygiene factor's total was 2.98, job satisfaction was 2.94. organizational commitment was 2.94, and organizational identification was 3.62. The statistically significant predicting factors of job satisfaction were achievement, work itself and salary. In organizational commitment, the significant predicting factors were achievement, advancement, work itself, policy and administration, working conditions, and interpersonal relations. In organizational identification, the significant predicting factors were work itself, responsibility, interpersonal relations, and personal life. Conclusion: With these results, it was identified that the predicting factors of nurse's job satisfaction based on Herzberg's two-factor theory. The most statistically significant factors were salary on job satisfaction, policy and administration on organizational commitment and work itself on organizational identification. So these results will be used to develop the more effective strategy of nursing staff management. And also these will be contributed to developing the nurse's motivation enhancement plans.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2008

Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a promising methodology to evaluate the relative efficiency of the decision-making units. We have compared the efficiency of six electric power generation companies in Korea using DEA. The analysis results by input-oriented CCR and BCC models are summarized as follows: first, different results were acquired between using input factors as total capacity of generators and as sub-totals of generator capacity based on primary energy sources. It is the result influenced by input factors which are characterized by the proportion of fixed costs(generating facilities) and variable costs(generation costs for primary energy), Second, the efficiency will be increased if the input factors selected, according to primary energy sources discussed in this research, are used during long-term expansion of electric power capacity plans. It is expected that this approach can give a feedback for management of electric power generation companies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.53-68
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• 2016

Financial preparation for retirement means making financial plans by predicting expected incomes and expenditures needed for maintaining success in later life. Because this preparation needs long-term planning, preparing as early as possible is recommended. This study, therefore, uses theory of planned behavior for examining the intention of financial preparation for retirement of consumers in their 20s and 30s. By using financial education and its understanding as additional variables, this study also intends to examine the ultimate effects on the intention. The following is a summary of the main results and suggestions. First, the level of consumer financial education is lower than the average. The level of understanding finance is lower than the average, and particularly, the level of understanding retirement related finance is much lower. Second, the more the attitude of financial preparation for retirement is positive, and the higher the level of subjective norm or perceived behavioral control is, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement tends to be more higher. Therefore, relevant efforts to encourage this preparation are needed. Third, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement is higher than the average, whereas financial education has no effects on the intention. This means that despite the importance of the financial education, its current implementation has many problems. The suggestions of this study are as follows. First of all, this study can provide preliminary data for developing retirement planning programs. In addition, in terms of the policy, given that this study targets relatively young consumers in their 20s and 30s, it can provide preliminary data for making policies for their future retirements.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.263-274
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• 2021

This study presents the achievements and limitations of the voluntary-based Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) through statistical analysis of water quality monitoring data and performance assessments of TMDL plans implemented in the Gyeongan watershed. The results clearly showed that responsible local governments complied the allocated TMDL and the designated water quality goals were successfully achieved in the required period. This was possible because the Ministry of Environment provided innovative incentives, such as, relaxations of the existing tight land-use regulations and full-scale financial aids for constructing and operating public treatment facilities to draw local government voluntary participation. However, a couple of problems which decreased the effectiveness and efficiency of the voluntary TMDL were identified. The different TMDL implementation schedules between upstream (Yongin) and downstream (Gwangju) governments caused delay in water quality improvement and exaggerated TMDL allocation to the local development which made excessive investment in the treatment facilities. Although it is not directly related to the voluntary scheme, technical methods for establishing and assessing the water quality goals should be improved so that the effects of flow conditions on water quality are properly assessed. We expect that results of this case study contribute to developing a more effective voluntary-based scheme for the implementation of the so-called 'tributary TMDL' in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

Objectives: Phthalates, which are widely used as plasticizers, have been recognized as endocrine disruptors. In the present study, we provided information on the regulation of these chemicals and summarized the information available on their detection and toxicity in children's products and those of their alternatives. Methods: The regulatory frameworks related to phthalates in children's products in Korea, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) were compared. Data on the detection concentration of 16 phthalates and seven phthalate alternatives that could be used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products for children as well as on their toxicity classification and endocrine disruption toxicity were collected from the literature. Results: Korea adopted US and EU chemical standards for six phthalates (DEHP, BBP, DBP, DINP, DIDP, and DNOP), but not others (e.g., DIBP, DPP, DHP, and DCHP). Among the ten phthalates and seven substitutes for which regulatory standards were not determined, DIBP, DHP, DEHA, DIBA, DINA, and DEHT were detected in children's products made from PVC plastic. DIBP and DHP, which have a reproductive toxicity classification of 1B, were frequently detected in PVC toys. The reproductive toxicity, estrogenicity, and anti-androgenic activity of the unregulated phthalates and their alternatives have been reported in diverse in vitro and in vivo assays. Conclusion: The use of unregulated phthalates and their substitutes in children's products is increasing. Further monitoring and toxicological information on phthalate alternatives is required to develop proper management plans.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.172-180
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• 2021

This study was carried out to provide basic data for improving oral health management plans by identifying the actual conditions of dental treatment use and criteria for selecting dental medical institutions for foreign students. The survey method was a survey of 145 foreign students at S University, and the collected data was conducted with the SPSS 24.0 program. As a result of the analysis, dental caries treatment was the most common among all nationalities in the dental experience. When the oral health education program was important, the will to use dental treatment in the future was positive. Therefore, in the future, it is required to revitalize oral health education programs and provide health care information for foreign students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.275-288
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• 2021

This study was attemted to grasp the factors affecting the clinical decision-making ability of nurse. Data were collected from 156 nurse working in hospital in G-do. Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression with IBM SPSS WIN/25.0. The most influential factor on the subjects' clinical decision-making ability was nursing Research 'very interest', critical thinking tendency, 'master/doctor', clinical experience 'more than 20 years and 1 month', moral behavior, nursing research 'important', 'single', clinical work experience '5 years, 1 month-10 years', department work experience '3 years 1 month-5 years'. The explanatory power was 51.4%. It was significant in that it was confirmed that interest and importance, moral behavior, academic background, and career are variables that influence clinical decision-making ability. The results of this study can be utilized as basic data for the development of intervention plans and programs that can increase clinical decision-making ability in the context of an ethical dilemma. In addition, developing and verifying educational programs that can increase clinical decision-making abilities in ethical dilemmas is needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2022

In this study, the relationship between ego-resiliency, career consciousness maturity, and job-seeking stress of nursing students was investigated. For this study, data were collected from October 22 to November 21, 2021. Therefore, general characteristics, job-seeking characteristics, ego-resilience, career consciousness maturity, job-seeking stress were investigated by applying a structured questionnaire targeting 187 nursing students. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression data were analyzed using program IBM SPSS21.0. In the study results, ego-resilience had a positive correlation with career consciousness maturity, and career consciousness maturity had a negative correlation with job-seeking stress. The factor affecting job-seeking stress was the maturity of career consciousness, and the influence was 43%. Based on the research results, It is necessary to develop and apply job-seeking support programs in education so that nursing students can reduce job-seeking stress and make positive career plans.