• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.535-543
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• 2020

Investors from the whole world are looking for those stock markets that are less affected by interest rates. Pakistan is a good place to invest and the investors from the whole world are considering Pakistan for future ventures. The current study, therefore, aims to analyze the factors affecting investors' decision making in Pakistan with the interaction effect of locus of control. The primary data are gathered from 300 respondents. Structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) is used to analyze the interactions among variables. The study finds positive impact of availability and representative biases on investment decision making. The study could not find any moderating role of locus of control. The results imply that decisions made by Pakistani investors are driven by the most easily or currently available information and they trust on the information obtained from family and friends without any authentication and verification. One possible description of insignificant moderation effect of locus of control can be the sample traits used in the study, e.g., personal characteristics, that change from culture to culture. Another description of these findings may be the association between heuristic biases, including availability, representative and psychological biases and decision-making regarding investment is not personality specific.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 2009

The current study reported on the continuing relevance of the schema theory for reading as it relates to the field of teaching and SLA, whilst highlighting the inherent limitations affecting individual learners. A relevant study was conducted for this article focusing on the extent to which university teacher trainees of English Education are exposed to second language readings with an adherence towards utilizing prior knowledge and drawing upon schemata to support their comprehension. Results from quantitative and qualitative data measured and collected from two groups of university students respectively, indicated certain advantages to this strategy use in respect of increased understanding, familiarity, and comfort level in SL reading. However, those same results identified existing limitations associated with cultural bias, stereotyping and a tendency to focus on wrong information when activating said schemata. As such, the purpose of this study is to promote awareness of the schema theory as an effective strategy option whilst reinforcing a need to pay heed to the concerns associated with strict reliance upon such theory to aid reading skills. Further discussion of these issues and pedagogical implications has been provided along with both suggested considerations regarding teaching for EFL teachers and evaluators.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.658-668
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of psychosocial interventions on pain in cancer patients. Methods: Eight studies published between 1980 and 2012 in Korean and ten studies published between 2002 and 2012 in English met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1539 participants. Methodological quality assessed by Cochrane's Risk of Bias for randomized studies and Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non randomized studies. The data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.2 program of Cochrane library. Results: Overall, study quality was moderate to high. Effect sizes were heterogeneous and subgroup analysis was done. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were effective for pain (ES= -0.35; 95% CI= -0.56, -0.13). Pain education studies measured with NRS and VAS were effective for pain (ES= -0.77; 95% CI= -1.01, -0.52). Publication bias was not detected. Conclusion: This study support the use of psychosocial interventions administered to cancer patients for their pain management. However, more well-designed studies are needed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2012

This paper deals with the bias and variance of regression coefficient estimators in a finite population. We derive approximate formulas for the bias, variance and mean square error of two estimators when we select a fixed-size inclusion probability proportional to the size sample and then estimate regression coefficients by the ordinary least square estimator as well as the weighted least square estimator based on the selected sample data. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the comparison of the two estimators in terms of variance and mean square error are suggested. In addition, a simple example is introduced to numerically compare the variance and mean square error of the two estimators.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate the existence of overconfidence bias in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore. This paper focuses on the Vietnam Stock Market and other two countries of ASEAN, namely Singapore and Thailand. Data was collected over the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018, daily returns for each of the securities. This paper uses the time series method, namely ADF test, Granger Causality and VAR approach to find evidences of the overconfidence effect in Vietnam in relation to some ASEAN markets. The results show similarities between the observed countries with slight variations, with focus on Vietnam market. In general concrete evidences of overconfidence were found in both Vietnamese and Singaporean markets, in which Singaporean investors show higher degree of overconfidence than Vietnamese investors. Overconfidence is not as clear in Thai market, however a direct causal link from increased returns to increased investor confidence was found. From the model deployed in the paper, there are reasons to conclude that Thai investors are under-confident. The findings of the study shed lights into the existence of overconfidence bias in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore on a comparative basis, provide more insights and implications for future research in this new and rising field of research.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.941-946
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• 2011

The Loran-C, a radio navigation system based on TDOA measurements is enhanced to eLoran using TOA measurements instead of TDOA measurements. Many error factors such as PF, SF, ASF, clock errors and unknown biases are included in eLoran TOA measurements. Because these error factors can cause failure in eLoran navigation algorithm, these errors must be compensated for high accuracy eLoran navigation results. Compensation of ASF and unknown biases are difficult to calculate, while the others such as PF and SF are relatively easy to eliminate. In order to compensate all errors in eLoran TOA measurements, a simple GPS aided bias compensation method is suggested in this paper. This method calculates the bias as the difference of TOA measurement and the range between eLoran transmitters and the receiver whose position is determined using GPS. The real data measured in Europe are used for verification of suggested method and navigation algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.459-473
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• 2004

It has well known that an exhaustive search algorithm suggested by Breiman et. a1.(1984) has a trend to select the variable having relatively many possible splits as an splitting rule. We propose an algorithm to overcome this variable selection bias problem and then construct unbiased regression trees based on the algorithm. The proposed algorithm runs two steps of selecting a split variable and determining a split rule for binary split based on the split variable. Simulation studies were performed to compare the proposed algorithm with Breiman et a1.(1984)'s CART(Classification and Regression Tree) in terms of degree of variable selection bias, variable selection power, and MSE(Mean Squared Error). Also, we illustrate the proposed algorithm with real data sets.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify and compare factors associated with intention to receive Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine between male and female undergraduate students. Methods: In the fall of 2010, 479 students responded to self-administered questionnaires about their intention to receive HPV vaccine, HPV knowledges, HPV related involvements and optimistic bias, subject's characteristics including opinion about HPV vaccine. Mann-Whitney U test, uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/WIN. Results: Intention to receive vaccine were 22.0% of men and 25.0% of women. There were significantly different in HPV knowledge (Z=-2.74, p=.006), optimistic bias (Z=-4.60, p<.001), vaccine is necessary for women (Z=-4,30, p<.001), vaccine is necessary for men (Z=-4.37, p<.001), vaccine is necessary if only symptom exist (Z=-4.52, p<.001), but there were not different in intention to receive vaccine, involvement between men and women. Concern about vaccine safety (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.63~6.23) was determinant of intention to receive HPV vaccine for men. Conclusion: This study showed gender differences in HPV knowledge, HPV related optimistic bias and opinion about HPV vaccine, which would be assessed and well managed in tailored HPV education for enhancing HPV vaccine acceptance.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.75-94
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• 2015

Purpose While new versions of mobile applications could offer users better computing environment, users are not always comfortable with them for various reasons. Considering making update decisions is important task for users, it is crucial for us to understand users' behavior and attitude on app updates. The purpose of this study is to explain why mobile users succumb to both reactance toward the update and satisfaction to the current version, ultimately leading them to feel the regret by employing three theoretical perspectives including regret theory, status quo bias theory and the dual model. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected from 204 mobile users was used to test the research model using partial least squares analysis. The results have shown that both reactance toward the update and satisfaction to the current version have negative impacts on individuals' decisions to update, which leading to their regret after updating the applications Findings By integrating both status quo bias and regret theory in the model, this study tried to explain why mobile users feel regret in application update settings. More specifically, this study has proposed a novel framework that introduces an individual's update decision on mobile applications.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.133-151
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• 2018

Purpose Global fintech industry is proliferating. Although domestic investment in fintech service is also increasing fast, user acceptance of fintech payment service seems slower than expected. Previous fintech literature mainly focuses on overall characteristics and technical aspects of fintech including security issues and explores factors affecting the service adoption. This study aims to examine crucial factors affecting user's resistance intention to fintech payment service adoption. The research model was formulated based on innovation diffusion theory and status quo bias theory and validated empirically. Design/methodology/approach The proposed research model was empirically validated with 149 responses from college students who have used fintech payment service. The component-based SEM was employed for data analysis. Findings The significant findings are as follow. First, compatibility has significant negative effect and complexity, and perceived risk has a positive effect on user resistance. Second, institutional trust does not show a significant effect on user resistance but has an indirect effect through the mediation of trust in service provider. Finally, trust in service provider shows the significant negative effect on user resistance.