• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

The number of measured degrees of freedom for detecting the damage of any structures is usually less than the number of model degrees of freedom. It is necessary to expand the measured data to full set of model degrees of freedom for updating modal data. This study presents the expansion methods to estimate all static displacements and dynamic modal data of finite element model from the measured data. The static and dynamic methods are derived by minimizing the variation of the potential energy and the Gauss's function, respectively. The applications illustrate the validity of the proposed methods. It is observed that the numerical results obtained by the static approach correspond with the Guyan condensation method and the derived static and dynamic approaches provide the fundamental idea for damage detection.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1E
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

The inner hair cell stereocilia of the guinea pig cochlea was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after loud tone exposure onto the ear drum of the animal. Before and after guinea pigs were exposed to intensive and continuous tone such as 106 dB SPL in intensity, the functioning of the cochlea was monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. The structural damage of the stereocilia of inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) was examined using the SEM in x 1500 magnification. The comparison between the functional change of the cochlea and the structural damage of the IHC stereocilia is done by means of photographic observation. It can be shown that the functional change might be related to the structural damage of the IHC stereocilia after intensive acoustic trauma.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.310-317
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• 2006

Extensive research with polarimetry and Mueller matrix has been done for chemical measurements and possible cancer detection. However, the effect of thermally denatured biological tissue on polarization changes is not well known. The purpose of this study is to characterize polarization changes in collagen due to thermal denaturation. The variations in polarized state caused by thermal damage were investigated by obtaining the Mueller matrix elements of collagen sample at multiple thermal damage levels. The changes in birefringence of denatured collagen were also investigated. This information could be used to determine the extent of thermal damage level of clinically heat treated tissues.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1045-1048
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• 2003

In this paper, we studied plasma damage of MIS capacitor with $Al_2$O$_3$ dielectric film. Using capacitor pattern with the same area but different perimeters, we tried to separate etching damage mechanism and to optimize the dry etching process. After etching both metal and dielectric layer by the same condition, leakage current and C-V measurements were carried out for Pt/A1$_2$O$_3$/Si structures. The flatband voltage shift was appeared in the C-V plot, and it was caused by the variation of the fixed interface charge and the interface trapped charge. From I-V measurement, it was found the leakage current along the periphery could not be ignored. Finally, we established the process condition of RF power 300W, 100mTorr, Ar/Cl$_2$ gas 60sccm as an optimal etching condition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.195-208
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• 2000

To confirm the theory and static defect energy (SDE) equations proposed in the first part, extensive numerical simulation studies are performed in this portion. Stiffness method is applied to calculate the components of the stresses and strains from which the energy components and finally, the SDE are obtained. Examples are designed to cover almost all kinds of possibilities. Variables include structural type, material, cross-section, support constraint, loading type, magnitude and position. The SDE diagram is unique in the way of presenting damage information: two different energy constants are separated by a sharp vertical drop right at the damage location. Simulation results are successfully implemented for both methods in all the cases.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.443-450
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• 2003

System identification techniques can be used to build a baseline modal model for a flawed structure that has no modal information on its as-built state. The accuracy of a system identification proposed by Stubbs and Kim is analyzed for plate-girder bridges and its impact on the accuracy of damage detection in those structures is also analyzed. A laboratory-scale model plate-girder is experimentally tested and the initial four bending modes are examined for certain damage scenarios. The performance of individual baseline modal models is assessed by detecting damage in the model structure.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2007

It is commonly believed that a gigantic earthquake (Tokai Earthquake) could occur in Shizuoka Prefecture in the near future. The Shizuoka Prefecture Government made the prediction report of Tokai Earthquake disaster damage. But this report does not pay attention to the ground conditions. The authors make a prediction map using GIS of Tokai Earthquake disaster damage in Asada-cho and Hirosawa Ni-chome in the central Hamamatsu City and revealed the location of dangerous houses and dangerous points in road networks in each town. These information could be useful when people try to find escape routes in an earthquake.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.427-442
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• 2009

In this paper, the acceptability of system identification results for health monitoring of instrumented bridges is addressed. This is conducted by comparing the confidence intervals of identified modal parameters for a bridge in California, namely Truckee I80/Truckee river bridge, with the change of these parameters caused by several damage scenarios. A challenge to the accuracy of the identified modal parameters involves consequences regarding the damage detection and health monitoring, as some of the identified modal information is essentially not useable for acquiring a reliable damage diagnosis of the bridge system. Use of strong motion data has limitations that should not be ignored. The results and conclusions underline these limitations while presenting the opportunities offered by system identification using strong motion data for better understanding and monitoring the health of bridge systems.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-61
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• 2005

As e-commerce is expanding rapidly, the consumer's damage in the e-commerce is also dramatically increased. This research was mainly focused on the consumer's damage experiences through the e-commerce, the consumer's behavior's when they were confronted with troubles, and the way to handle their damages in the e-commerce. Main findings are as follows. 1) More than $90\%$ of respondents answered that they had experienced troubles at least once out of 49 troubles listed in the questionnaire. 2) Most consumers did complain their damages actively and tried to obtain proper cure from the seller. 3) Normally, they were used to adjust their purchasing behaviors to avoid the problems rather than actively taking advantage of the official authorities or private consumer organizations to solve the problems.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.381-394
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• 2005

In order to estimate the damage of orchards due' to natural disasters such as typhoon, severe rain, freezing or frost, it is necessary to estimate the number of fruit bearing before and after the damage. To estimate the fruit bearing after the damages are easily done by delegations, but it cost too high to survey every insured farm household and calculate the fruit bearing before the damage. In this article, we suggest to use a random coefficient model to predict the numbers of fruit bearing in the orchards before the damage based on the tree age and the area information.