• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2005.03a
• /
• pp.1602-1610
• /
• 2005

In this study was investigated and analyzed of damage characteristics for infrastructures by typhoon that have been many occur. The objective Structures were the road and hydraulic structure. The road structure was included the cut-slopes, retaining walls and bridges. The hydraulic structure is divided with the dike, small-scale dam, reservoir and floodgate. The analysis result of the bridge damage cause is river bottom height increase and passage ability decrease. The principal damage reasons of the cut-slope structure are weakening the ground due to the localized torrential downpour and drainage defective. Also, the principal damage reasons of the small-scale dam, reservoir, dike and the floodgate are continuous collapse of dike beside the floodgate.And we divided a typhoon damage occurrence cause with artificial and natural. As the result of analysis, the many damage occurrence cause will be removed by system improvement and technical development.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.191-215
• /
• 1994

The concept of 'wilful misconduct" was initally used in article 25 of the Warsaw Convention of 1929. The concept was defined in the Hague Protocol, 1955, as having the following two differing concepts: i) "with the intent to cause damage" and ii) "recklessly and with the knowledge that damage would probably result." The concepts contained in the Hague Protocol were used in various international Conventions on carriage by sea, such as Article 2(e) and Article 3(4) of the Protocol adopted at Brussels on Feb. 23, 1968 to amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, signed at Brussels, Aug. 25, 1929(Hague-Visby Rules), Article 13 of the Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, Dec. 13. 1974, Article 4 of the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, Article 8(1) of the U.N. Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978(Hamburg Rules) and Article 21 (1) of the U.N. Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods, Geneva, 1980. The same concepts were also adopted in Article 746, 789-2(1), 789-3(2) of the Korean Maritime Commercial Law, revised in 1991. As of yet, the legal system of Korean Private Law recognizes only the concepts of "Vorsatz" and "grobe Nachlassigkeit", as is the case with German Private Law. The problem is that the concepts in the Convention do not coincide precisely with the concepts of "Vorsatz" and "grobe Nachlassigkeit". The author has conducted a comparative analysis of the treatment of the concepts of wilful misconduct and its varied interpretations, that is, "with the intent to cause damage" and "recklessly and with the knowledge that damage would probably result" in the Anglo-American law and in the continental European law in the following manner: 1. Background in which the concept of wilful misconduct was introduced in the Warsaw Convention. 2. The concept of "dol" in French private law. 3. The concepts of "Vorsatz" and "grobe Nachlassigkeit" in Korean private law. 4. Analysis of the concept of wilful misconduct in Anglo-American case law. 5. Analysis of the cases interpreting the concepts of "with intent to cause damage" and "recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result" in various jurisdictions. 6. The need to incorporate the concepts of "with the intent to cause damage" and "recklessly and with the knowledge that damage would probably result." 7. Faute inexcusable in French private law. Based upon the comparative analysis, the author points out the difference between the concepts of "wilful misconduct" or "with the intent to cause damage" and "Vorsatz", and between the concepts of "recklessly and with the knowledge that damage would probably result" and "grobe Nachlassigkeit" in the Convention and that of the Korean Private Law system. Additionally, the author emphasizes the importance of the unification in the interpretation of the provisions of the Conventions world wide.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2002.09a
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2002

Fragility analysis is widely used for the seismic safety evaluation of a structure. In fragility analysis, damage evaluation is a crucial factor. Most of the present fragility analyses use the representative responses such as displacement and absorbed hysteretic energy as a tool of damage evaluation. But damage evaluation method that can represent the local damage of a structure is required in the case of piers of which the local damage can cause the whole failure of bridge system. Therefore this study proposes a damage index, which can represent the distribution and magnitude of local damage by using the Lee and Fenves'plastic-damage model. Using the proposed damage index, fragility curves and damage probability matrix of pier are produced and fragility analysis is performed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.425-427
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find the cause of the damage to the GCB(Gas Circuit Breaker), since the GCB of the 154kV power plant at the Hap-Cheon Dam has already been damaged twice. We researched the characteristics of this class of circuit breaker and the possible causes for this type of damage to the GCB using the FTA(Fault Tree Analysis) Method. We studied the optimal maintenance method of the GCB, the stability analysis and power serge protection of Hap-Cheon Dam, and the power serge and fault list of the power transmission line to help prevent a reoccurrence of the problem.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.191-206
• /
• 2010

Windborne debris is a major cause of structural damage during severe windstorms and hurricanes owing to its direct impact on building envelopes as well as to the 'chain reaction' failure mechanism it induces by interacting with wind pressure damage. Estimation of debris risk is an important component in evaluating wind damage risk to residential developments. A debris risk model developed by the authors enables one to analytically aggregate damage threats to a building from different types of debris originating from neighboring buildings. This model is extended herein to a general debris risk analysis methodology that is then incorporated into a vulnerability model accounting for the temporal evolution of the interaction between pressure damage and debris damage during storm passage. The current paper (Part I) introduces the debris risk analysis methodology, establishing the mathematical modeling framework. Stochastic models are proposed to estimate the probability distributions of debris trajectory parameters used in the method. It is shown that model statistics can be estimated from available information from wind-tunnel experiments and post-damage surveys. The incorporation of the methodology into vulnerability modeling is described in Part II.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2019

On November 15, 2017, an earthquake($M_L5.4$) occurred in Pohang. Pohang earthquake was the second largest earthquake since earthquake was observed in Korea, but structural damage caused by earthquake was biggest. Structural damage caused by Pohang earthquake was mainly caused by schools and pilotis, above all damage to pilotis was outstanding. This is because area where pilotis structures are concentrated is located near epicenter, and seismic performance of pilotis structures is not excellent compared with general structures. In this study, described results of damage investigation and analysis of damage causes through analysis of pilotis Structures on 131 buildings that were investigated immediately after Pohang earthquake. In addition, cause of damage was analyzed through analysis of seismic wave. Investigation site was selected to Jangseong-dong, where damage occurred in large numbers. Damage level was classified into A, B, and C level by measuring residual crack width and story drift of structural members.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2011

In this thesis, appearance inspection, compressive strength of concrete test, arrangement of bar inspection, survey, and bearing stress analysis were performed on a damaged coping of reinforced concrete pier to investigate the damage cause. According to the performed a series of inspections, it was found that the coping of pier was damaged during PSC (Pre-stressed Concrete) beam construction. In this thesis, the repair method for damaged pier was studied. The repair procedure used in this thesis was follows : chipping for damaged part, clean by high-pressure, installation of wire mesh, coating of surface hardening, construction of section restoration material, copula grinding, and prevent coating for far-infrared radiation.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2021

Many Korean industrial plants including nuclear and fossil power plants use seawater as the ultimate heat sink to cool the heat generated by various facilities. Owing to the high corrosivity of seawater, facilities and piping made of metal material in contact with seawater are coated or lined with polymeric materials to avoid direct contact with seawater. However, polymeric materials used as coating and lining have some level of permeability to water and are degraded over time. Korean industrial plants have also experienced a gradual increase in the frequency of damage to pipes in seawater systems due to prolonged operating periods. In the event of a cavitation-like phenomenon, coating or lining inside the piping is likely to be damaged faster than expected. In this paper, the cause of water leakage due to base metal damage caused by the failure of the polyester lining in seawater system piping was assessed and the experience with establishing countermeasures to prevent such damage was described.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.551-558
• /
• 2020

This study aims to increase the ability to adapt to the ecosystem and promote a sustainable use of the natural environment, by classifying the types of damaged lands according to various factors, such as the characteristics of the target area and form, cause, and impact of damage. Moreover, the study suggests the development of evaluation categories and criteria by each type. The results obtained are as follows: first, for the assessment of damaged lands, the changed areas were identified utilizing land cover maps. Video analysis was performed to increase the accuracy, and 88 sites were obtained. Second, the types of damage were classified into ecological infrastructure and ecological environment, and the sub-factors of the cause of damage were classified into 12 factors. Third, each evaluation system for the types of damage was composed of four steps, considering each type of damage and the level of evaluators being higher than paraprofessionals. To supplement this study, it will be necessary to utilize the database of damaged lands other than the Seoul Metropolitan Area and conduct an on-site survey for verification in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2006

Wheel treads of E.M.U. are usually under a heavy thermal load by brake frictional heat between wheel and brake shoe and damaged by repeated thermal and mechanical loads. To examine the cause of wheel tread damage of E.M.U.'s in service running, a systematic approach has been used. This study is composed of three parts. Frictional heat analysis was conducted in the first part by finite element method. Two kinds of brake shoes in service were considered. In the second part, experimental study was carried out on a brake dynamometer. Temperatures were measured for the two brake shoes. And experimental study in service running E.M.U.'s was performed. Wheel and brake shoe temperatures were measured by using thermocouples and temperature indicating strips. Finally metallurgical characteristics were examined by a SEM/EDS and the cause of the wheel damage was analyzed. It seems that aggregated ferrous component is a main cause of the wheel tread damage.