• 제목/요약/키워드: dairy farmers

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여성농업인의 농업활동 증명을 위한 생활일지 개발 (Developing a Diary Designed for Woman Farmer's Time Use to Prove Farm Work)

  • 이진영;김경미;최윤지;김정섭
    • 농촌지도와개발
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.137-150
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    • 2005
  • 여성농업인이 결코 남성보다 적지 않게 농업에 종사하고 있으며, 농가소득에 기여를 함에도 노동에 대한 가치가 인정되지 않고 있다. 농업주종사 여성의 82% 이상이 농업농촌기본법상의 '연간 90일 이상 농업에 종사'하여 실제 농업인이지만, 이를 증명하기 곤란한 상태이다. 이러한 농업인 증명의 어려움으로 정부 정책 및 제도, 상재해 보험 보상시 여성농업인 노동에 대한 가치가 반영되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개인의 기록이 법정에서 증거자료로 인정된 사례와 법률관계자 자문에 따라 실제 농업에 종사하나 증명이 곤란한 여성 등 가족종사자의 농업인 증명이 가능한 생활일지를 개발하였다. 생활일지 사용자의 편리성을 향상을 위한 현장적용 시험 결과에서 생활일지 기록 습관은 회계관리, 경영활동 및 효율적인 시간관리 등 여성의 전문농업경영 능력을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 실제 농업종사자를 직업인 인정이 가능한 법으로 정비되고 제도적 지원이 더 궁극적인 목표이지만, 현실적으로 농업인 범위에서 제외되는 농업종사자를 위한 지위인정 방안이 시급히 마련되어야 한다는 측면에서 생활일지 개발의 의미가 있는 것이다. 이러한 생활일지의 목적이 실생활에서 반영되어 여성농업인의 노동을 증명하는 자료로써 활용해야 할 것이며, 적극적으로 판례를 만들어가는 노력이 필요할 것이다. 더불어 이러한 생활일지 기록활동은 경제활동 주체로서의 자기인식과 농업경영과 관련된 지식 및 자료의 축적에 도움을 제공함으로써, 여성 농업인의 농업경영능력 향상에 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

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Rotary Mower의 제작과 그 이용에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Design of Rotary Mower and Its Utilization.)

  • 최규홍
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.3897-3920
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    • 1975
  • Since the most of Korean dairy and cattle raising farms are too small to introduce western mechanized farming, it is necessary to develope small size equipments. This study has been carried to develop a rotary mower as on attachment of 8 to 10 horse powertiller which is widely spread in rural area. It will not ony be helpfull for the farmers to harvesting hay grass but also desirable to increase the power tiller utility. The protto type rotary mower designed through the fundamental investigations, has been modified and improved through the field trials, and a series of field tests has been carried to investigate its performance and economic feasibility comparing with existing vailable harvesting equipments. The results are as follows; 1. To increase the stability, two guide wheels are attached to both side of the protto type rotary mower. 2. To prevent the clinging of tall grasses, the vertical driving shafts are covered with cylindrical protectors. 3. The cutting height is adjustable in 8 steps from 2.5 to 20 centimeters by changing the length of guide wheel legs. 4. The practical Critical cutting speed were always higher than theoretical value in both case of single cutting blade and three when the cutting depth was 25 millimeter. 5. The peripheral speed of cutting blade was varied in response to the change of engine speed, mean while the peripheral speed was adequate as it was changhed from 25 to 35 meter per second when the power tiller is operated in proper working ground speed. 6. The time requirement to harvest 10 a were 88.7, 54.6 and 41.4 minutes for the first, second and third stage of ground speed respectively, and because of the difficulty of delivery, it was observed that operating with fourth stage of ground speed was not recomanendable when the grass height is taller than 90 centimeters. 7. The performance of rotary mower were 1.1-1.7, 1.4-4.0, 3.8-11.8 and 7.4-22.0 times of reciprocating mower, portable disc type cutter, hay scythe and ordinary sickle respectively. 8. When the slope exceeds, 20 degree the downward harvesting operation was impossible because of the excessive front end weight, while less than 5 degree of land slope did not effect in field operation. 9. Increased traveling spee caused higher cutting height and slight cutting failure, but seems not to effect to the gross yield, and the efficiency of cutting width were from 83 to 94 precent. 10. Tn rank of economy were rotary mower (3,2 stage operation), reciprocating mower, hay scythe, portable disc type cutter and sickle in order when the annul operation exdeeds 100 hours. From the above results, it is convinced that the protto type rotary mower is good enough to the livestock farmers as a hay harvesting equipment because of its economy, hardiness in operating and its out standing performance and hopefully it will contribute to the extension of Korean livestock farming.

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Aflacxin에 대한 최신 분석법과 규제동향 (Development of Rapid, Safe Analytical Techniques of Aflatoxins and Their Current Regulation)

  • 정덕화
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 1990
  • Aflatoxins is a chemically diverse group of toxic secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi and often occur in agricultural commodities. Because of their wide range of toxic effects, Aflatoxins cause severe economic losses to farmers and livestock producers and pose a health to human consuming contaminated foods. Long term prospects for biotechnological control of Aflatoxins require elucidation of the specific steps and regulation of their biosynthetic pathways . Aflatoxin determinations can be approached many ways. It is essential to safely handle all experimental materials associated with aflatoxin analysis or aflatoxigenic fungi Visual screening of suspect samples, base on the presence of conidial head of the aspergillus flavus group, and screening samples for the presence of bright greenish yellow flourescence are not chemical tests and such screening techniques may allow aflactoxin contaminated lots into commerce. Microcolumn screening procedures should always be used in conjunction with a quantitative method. Several thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) methods are suitable for quantitation and are in general use. Immunochemical Methods such as the ELISA or affinity column chromatography methods are being rapidly developed. The chemical and immunochemical methods can be reliable if care is taken, using suitable controls and personnel that are well trained . All analytical laboratories should stress safety and include suitable analytical validation procedure. Especially a worldwide enquiry was undertaken in recent to obtain up-to-date information about aflatoxin legislation in as many countries of the world as possible. The information concerns aflatoxin in foodstuffs. aflatoxin MI in dairy products, aflatoxins in animal feedstuffs. Limits and regulations for aflatoxin have been expended in recent with more countries having legislation on subject, more products, and more aflatoxins covered by this legislation.

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목초 및 사료작물 정부장려품종의 지역적응성 평가 I. 연맥품종의 사초수량 및 사료가치 (Evaluaton of the Government Recommended Forage Cultivars in Korea I. Forage performance and quality of oat cultivars)

  • 김동암;전우복;신정남;권찬호;한건준;금종성;임상훈
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 1997
  • Nine oat(Avena sativa L.) cultivars have been recommended as the govemment recommended forage cultivars since 1984, however, their forage performance and quality have mostly been tested at two locations, such as Suweon in the Middle Northwestem Coast Region and Sunghwan in the Middle Southwestern Coast Region. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the forage performance and quality of six government recommended oat cultivars at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keongsan and Kwangju fom 1992 to 1994 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Among the oat cultivars tested, "West" was the highest yielding cultivar at all locations in 1992-94, but the lowest yielding cultivars varied by location and year. At both Icheon and Suweon, "Cayuse", "Magnum" and "Foothill", at Sunghwan, "Cayuse" , "Ensiler" and "Foothill", at Keongsan, "Magnum", "Cayuse" and "Swan", and at Kwangju, "Cayuse", "Magnum" and "Cayuse", were the lowest yielding cultivars in 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively. At all locations in 1992-94, "West" and "Swan" were the most advanced in growth stage, but "Cayuse", "Foothill", "Magnum" and "Ensiler" were the latest developing cultivars among the oats. Differences among the oat cultivars for the three-year mean NDF, ADF and IVDMD were small and inconsistent, but forage quality of the oats was generally lowest in the early developing cultivars and highest in the late developing cultivars. The govemment recommended oat cultivars tested were generally well adapted across the country, however, in forage production situations in the fall where high yield is more important, early maturing oat cultivars might be preferable to late cultivars because they have higher forage yield earlier in the fall.ction situations in the fall where high yield is more important, early maturing oat cultivars might be preferable to late cultivars because they have higher forage yield earlier in the fall.

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가축분뇨수의 무단방류가 샛강오염에 미치는 영향 (Impact of Livestock-production Wastewater on Water Pollution)

  • 최홍림;손재호;류순호
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 1996
  • Environmental impact assessment survey reflecting farmers` opinion on the residence and production space in rural settlement area by ORD showed that more than 86% of respondents thought their reservoirs and waterways (small rivers) were getting seriously contaminated primarily by garbage and livestock manure. A typical rural settlement unit was taken to assess the impact of improper management of livestock manure in the farms on the water quality of small river flowing down along the villages where swine and dairy farms were situated in Daejook 2, 3-ri, Seolseong-myun, Icheon-gun. Nitrogen compounds such as NO$_3$-N, NO$_2$-N, NH$_3$-N, and phosphorus compound H$_x$PO$_4$, DO, BOD$_5$, COD, and microbial density were analyzed to evaluate water quality at five test sites designated along the water stream. Tests showed. for example, BOD$_5$ at site 4 was average 9.2mg/l which was about 3~8 times higher than that of observation site 2 and 3, at which most livestock houses were situated. This is a clear evidence that the nutrients of livestock manure illegally discharged to small river can lead to an eutrophication of the river at downstream. A soil absorption system with aeration could be one of alternatives to treat the contaminated wastewater by livestock manure. The place at downstream, inbetween observation site 1 and 2, could be the best construction site for the treatment facility from the standpoint of the overall treatment efficiency, An enclosed composting system can also be regarded as a good alternative for treatment of the sludge which is the by-product of the soil absorption system operation.

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패널모형을 이용한 농업계 대학 졸업생의 소득과 영농규모에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석 (Analysis on Affecting Factors for the Income and Farming Scale Using the Panel Model)

  • 정다은;강창수;양성범;박용수
    • 스마트미디어저널
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 패널모형을 이용하여 한국농수산대학 졸업생의 소득과 영농규모, 영농이행에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 패널분석방법 중 일반화추정방정식을 사용하였다. 소득에 양(+)의 영향을 주는 요인은 남성, 자가영농영어자, 기혼자, 후계농업인으로 나타났다. 부모협농, 낙농이나 양계를 하는 경우, 졸업 당시 전공과 주재배 품목이 일치할 경우도 소득이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 영농규모에 양(+)의 영향을 주는 요인은 자가영농영어자, 미혼자, 부모협농, 수도작 재배, 양계로 나타났다. 의무영농이행을 잘 이행하는 요인은 남성, 자가영농영어자, 기혼자, 부모협농, 수도작 재배, 양돈으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 향후 졸업생 및 재학생 관리 및 지원에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Thermal imaging and computer vision technologies for the enhancement of pig husbandry: a review

  • Md Nasim Reza;Md Razob Ali;Samsuzzaman;Md Shaha Nur Kabir;Md Rejaul Karim;Shahriar Ahmed;Hyunjin Kyoung;Gookhwan Kim;Sun-Ok Chung
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제66권1호
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    • pp.31-56
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    • 2024
  • Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

기후변화가 축산 생산성에 미치는 영향 -거세우, 낙농, 양돈, 산란계, 육계를 대상으로- (Effects of Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Productivity - For bullocks, dairy, pigs, laying hens, and broilers -)

  • 이현경;박희민;신용광
    • 현장농수산연구지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.107-123
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    • 2018
  • 현재 전 세계적으로 기후변화가 농업에 미치는 영향도가 점차 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 기후변화가 축산 생산성 변화에 미치는 영향 정도를 파악하고자 하였다. 기후변화 요소들 중 가장 큰 영향력을 지닌 변수들을 선행연구와 전문가 조사를 통해 알아보았다. 그리고 현재 축산농가들의 실질적 생산성 자료를 이용하여 기후변화와의 관계성에 대해 알아보았다. 가축 등 농업 생산성 변화에 관한 기후 평가를 위해 국내에서 축종별(한우(거세우), 낙농, 양돈, 산란계, 육계) 등의 전국 대표 자료들을 조사하였다. 또한 평가지표를 선정하고 분류하기 위하여 선행연구로서 기후변화 요인 변수선정 연구, 기후변화 요인 변수의 가중치 계산연구 등을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 축산부문에 있어서 산학연 및 농민 등이 전문가(한우17, 낙농15, 양돈36, 산란계16, 육계15명)를 활용하여 기후변화 취약성 평가지표에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 후 계층분석과정(AHP)을 이용하여 선정된 평가지표의 가중치를 산정하였다. 축산 생산성에 기후변화가 미치는 영향력 평가 AHP 분석 종합결과 사양관리기술, 시설, 기후 순으로 중요도가 나타났다. 이것은 시설, 기후에 대한 통제부분을 현재 축산분야에 있어서는 어느 정도 평균수준 이상으로 경영되고 있기 때문으로 판단해 볼 수 있으며, 본 연구가 기후변화에 대한 영향도 연구이므로 기후요인만을 살펴볼 경우에 축산 생산성 관련 중요 기후요인은 모든 축종에서 최고기온, 고온일수 및 일교온도차로 조사되었고, 축종 별로 기후요인의 우선순위에는 차이가 있었다. 모든 축종에서 고온일수가 가장 영향력이 큰 요인으로 조사되었으며, 2순위로 최고기온과 일교차가 있었다. 2순위 최고기온은 거세우, 낙농, 양돈에서 영향력이 더 컸으며, 일교차는 산란계와 육계에서 더 중요한 요인으로 평가되었다. 이에 평가지표의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 국내 기후, 강수량 및 일조시간의 변화를 조사하여 축산부문에서의 각 축종별 생산성에 영향을 주는지에 대해 조사된 축산분야 농가들의 생산성 데이터를 통해 관계성을 알아보았다. 관계성을 알아보기 위해 축종별 생산성을 대표할 수 있는 주요 생산지표(사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 사료비, 도체중, 육질, 유생산량, 유지율, MSY, 육성율, 산란율 등)들과 선행연구들을 통해 결정된 기후변화 변수(기상청의 지역별·월별자료)들 간의 상관관계 및 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구결과 기후변화요인들이 축산 생산성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 도출, 관계성이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기후변화는 현재도 진행 중으로 지구온난화는 고온일수 빈도를 높이고 있으며 이것은 단순한 기온 상승이 아닌 재해형태의 영향력 및 빈도의 심각성도 내포하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 축산환경에 있어 이러한 기후변화에 대응하는 적극적인 환경관리 및 제어기술을 사전에 확보할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 향후 축산 생산성 연구에 있어서 기후변화 요인들을 제어할 수 있는 사육환경과 사양시스템에 포커스를 맞추어 이와 관련된 세분화된 연구들이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 국내의 경우 기후변화 조사 및 연구에 있어 보다 민감도를 높여 이루어질 필요가 있을 것이다.

Development Process of Agriculture And Technology -A Case Study of Korea

  • Gajendra-Singh;Ahn, Duck-Hyun
    • 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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    • pp.109-118
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    • 1993
  • Development process of agricultural technology has been studied with a case study of Korean agriculture. Technological is considered as a transformer of inputs into outputs and hence technological appropriateness, an important aspect of agricultural development strategies, is considered as a dynamic concepts. Considering the concept of agricultural system as a delivery system for providing essential materials and services to producers and consumers, it has been divided into two major groups of dimensions vis. external challenge dimensions and internal response dimensions. Market, investment and agro-ecosystem constitute the external challenge dimensions : whereas trade , technology as well as production and resources allocation constitute internal response dimensions. The system manager is responsible for maintaining equilibrium in the mentioned six sub-systems. Two kinds of alternatives paths of technological development viz. land saving technology and labour saving technolog have been studied. Technology is considered as a combination of four basic components viz. facilities, abilities, facts and frameworks. Adoption of innovation in agriculture depends on profitability, awareness, risk aversion, financial capacity, institutional infrastructure, availability of physical inputs and adaptability to the local conditions. For a cast study of Korea, changes in the agricultural system through external challenge dimensions are investigated. The impacts of industrialization on agro-ecosystem reported are shift of labour from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors and continuously increasing demand of farm the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors accompanied by increase in land prices. The impacts on the commodity market discussed are shift in demand from rice, barley and other cereals to meat , dairy products and vegetables : and increasing in supply capacity of agricultural inputs. The process of agricultural development from 1962 to 19 1 9 (i.e. from start of the first to the end of the sixth five year plan) are also discussed in details with several policy measures taken. The trend of agricultural income and productivity are also analyzed. The main cause of increase in the agricultural income is considered as increase in labour productivity. The study revealed that during the span of 1965-88, holding size has not changed significantly, but both the land and labour productivity increased and so did the agricultural income. R&D activities in Korea have changed over time in three stages vix. import of improved technology, localization by adaptive research and technological mastery. For the new technology to be made affordable to farmers, policy measures like fertilizer and food grain exchange system, dual price system in rice and barely and loan for machinery were strengthened.

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한국(韓國) 농업지리학(農業地理學)의 연구동향(硏究動向) II ; 농업(農業) 입지연구(立地硏究)의 성과(成果)와 비판(批判) (The Review of Agricultural Geography on Korea, Part Two ; the Outcomes and Critiques of Location Studies.)

  • 서찬기
    • 한국지역지리학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 1995
  • 본 연구는 해방이후 한국의 농업 지리학 연구 동향의 일환으로 농업 입지 연구의 성과와 의의를 밝히고 비판 한 것이다. 농업지리학 연구의 정수라고 일컬어지는 농업 입지 연구가 한국의 경우 활성화 되지 못하고 있는 것은 농업 공간의 협소성의에도 한국농업지리학의 후진성과 관련이 있다. 다만 연구건수가 매우 제한적이긴 하나 농작물, 낙농, 작부체계, 농업 노동, 산지 농업, 농업 재해등의 입지 연구에서는 상당한 성과를 거두고 있는 것도 사실이다. 또 이들 연구는 한국의 농업공간이 전통사회공간에서 경제공간으로 변화 된지가 비교적 최근인 사설을 반영한 것이 대부분이다. 앞으로의 농업입지 연구는 거시적으로는 국민경제나 세계 경제와 관련된 연구, 미시적으로는 농민이나 농가수준에서의 연구, 지역적으로는 도시와의 관계나 지역농업연구가 강화될 필요가 있다.

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