• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.315-324
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• 2011

In this paper, we study the effects of a deformation mapping on the resulting deformation d/BCK-algebra obtained via such a deformation mapping. Besides providing a method of constructing d-algebras from BCK-algebras, it also highlights the special properties of the standard BCK-algebras of posets as opposed to the properties of the class of divisible d/BCK-algebras which appear to be of interest and which form a new class of d/BCK-algebras insofar as its not having been identified before.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.147-153
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• 2009

In this paper, we give some constructions of implicative/commutative d-algebras which are not BCK-algebras. This demonstrate that the notion of implicative/commutative d-algebras are indeed generalizations of the same in BCK-algebras.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

In this paper we consider constructive function triples on the real numbers $\mathbb{R}$ and on (not necessarily commutative) integral domains D which permit the construction of a multitude of d-algebras via these constructive function triples. At the same time these constructions permit one to consider various conditions on these d-algebras for subsets of solutions of various equations, thereby producing geometric problems and interesting visualizations of some of these subsets of solutions. In particular, one may consider what notions such as "locally BCK" ought to mean, certainly in the setting provided below.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 2009

Any BCK-ideal of a d-algebra can be decomposed into the union of some sets. The notion of a complicated d-algebra is introduced and some related properties are obtained.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.539-548
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• 2018

The notions of Smarandache (positive implicative, commutative, implicative) d-algebras, Smarandache subalgebras of Smarandache d-algebras and Smarandache BCK-ideals(d-ideals) of a Smarandache d-algebras are introduced. Examples are given, and several related properties are investigated.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.375-381
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce an operation denoted by [$Br_e$], a bracket operation, which maps an arbitrary groupoid ($X,{\ast}$) on a set X to another groupoid $(X,{\bullet})=[Br_e](X,{\ast})$ which on groups corresponds to sending a pair of elements (x, y) of X to its commutator $xyx^{-1}y^{-1}$. When applied to classes such as d-algebras, BCK-algebras, a variety of results is obtained indicating that this construction is more generally useful than merely for groups where it is of fundamental importance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1373-1386
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce and explore suggested notions of 'above', 'below' and 'between' in general groupoids, Bin(X), as well as in more detail in several well-known classes of groupoids, including groups, semigroups, selective groupoids (digraphs), d/BCK-algebras, linear groupoids over fields and special cases, in order to illustrate the usefulness of these ideas. Additionally, for groupoid-classes (e.g., BCK-algebras) where these notions have already been accepted in a standard form, we look at connections between the several definitions which result from our introduction of these ideas as presented in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.533-544
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• 2024

Given a groupoid (X, *) and a real-valued function d : X → R, a new (derived) function Φ(X, *)(d) is defined as [Φ(X, *)(d)](x, y) := d(x * y) + d(y * x) and thus Φ(X, *) : R^X → R^X2 as well, where R is the set of real numbers. The mapping Φ(X, *) is an R-linear transformation also. Properties of groupoids (X, *), functions d : X → R, and linear transformations Φ(X, *) interact in interesting ways as explored in this paper. Because of the great number of such possible interactions the results obtained are of necessity limited. Nevertheless, interesting results are obtained. E.g., if (X, *, 0) is a groupoid such that x * y = 0 = y * x if and only if x = y, which includes the class of all d/BCK-algebras, then (X, *) is *-metrizable, i.e., Φ(X, *)(d) : X² → X is a metric on X for some d : X → R.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

In this paper we study the regularity of inside (or outside) (${\theta},{\phi}$)-derivations in BCI-algebras X and prove that let $d_{({\theta},{\phi})}:X{\rightarrow}X$ be an inside (${\theta},{\phi}$)-derivation of X. If there exists a ${\alpha}{\in}X$ such that $d_{({\theta},{\phi})}(x){\ast}{\theta}(a)=0$, then $d_{({\theta},{\phi})}$ is regular for all $x{\in}X$. It is also shown that if X is a BCK-algebra, then every inside (or outside) (${\theta},{\phi}$)-derivation of X is regular. Furthermore the concepts of ${\theta}$-ideal, ${\phi}$-ideal and invariant inside (or outside) (${\theta},{\phi}$)-derivations of X are introduced and their related properties are investigated. Finally we obtain the following result: If $d_{({\theta},{\phi})}:X{\rightarrow}X$ is an outside (${\theta},{\phi}$)-derivation of X, then $d_{({\theta},{\phi})}$ is regular if and only if every ${\theta}$-ideal of X is $d_{({\theta},{\phi})}$-invariant.