• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-121
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• 2000

To evaluate the cytotoxicity of cadmium compounds, this study was conducted to measure the in vitro magnetometry, LDH release and cellular apoptosis using alveolar macrophages of hamsters. A series of magnetometric measurements in cadmium-added groups showed a significant dose-dependent decay of the relaxation curves. The LDH release rates showed a dose-dependently increasing tendency as the dose gradually increased. The positive rates of apoptosis were significantly higher in cadmium-added groups than the control groups. Conclusively, the cytotoxicity increased in a dose dependent way as the concentration of cadmium added increased, which reflected in the decay of relaxation curve in magnetometry, and increased LDH release rate and positive rate of apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2013

[6]-Gingerol, a major polyphenol of ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, the radioprotective effect of [6]-gingerol is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of [6]-gingerol against radiation-induced cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. [6]-Gingerol pretreatment attenuated radiation-induced cell cytotoxicity caused by 5Gy (half lethal dose, $LD_{50}$ of HepG2 cells). The measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also performed. The results showed that [6]-gingerol pretreatment reduced increasing SOD and CAT activity after exposure of IR, indicating that [6]-gingerol protected oxidative stress by regulating cellular antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity. These findings suggest that [6]-gingerol acts as a radioprotector by attenuating cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.442-448
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• 1994

Transition metals tested, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Ni^{2+}$, were found effective in the induction of the cytotoxicity of the quinolones tested, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and pipemidic acid, against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro, whereas the alkaline earth metal, $Mg^{2+}$, was not. The differential effect of the metals on the quinolone cytotoxicity can be explained by their different mode of interaction with the quinolones. Our present difference spectroscopic titration data suggest that the transition metals can form DNA-intercalating agents, with the quinolones, which can cause the cytotoxicity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2002

For probing the importance of planarity of imidazolidinone motif of 4-phenyl-1-(N-acylindoline-5-sulfonyl)imidazolidinones 1 for their cytotoxicity, 4-phenyl-1-(N-acylindoline-5-sulfonyl)[1,2,5]thiadiazolidine-1,1-dioxides 2 were prepared and their cytotoxicity were measured against human lung carcinoma (A549), human colon carcinoma (COLO205), human ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3), human leukemic cancer (K562), and murine colon adenocarcinoma (Colon26) cell lines in vitro. Although only carbonyl moiety of imidazolidinone ring was replaced with sulfonyl group, compounds 2 do not show any activity against all five cancer cell lines unlike 1. Therefore the planarity of imidazolidinone ring of 1 should be an important factor for their cytotoxic activity.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.347.3-347.3
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• 2002

Recent study indicated that terpyridine and its derivatives displayed highly active antitumor properties. In this presentation. derivatives of terpyridines having three pyridine moieties at 2',4',6'-position of central pyridine skeleton were prepared, and evaluated their cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines and topoisomerase I inhibitory activities. Most of the prepared compounds showed strong cytotoxicity compared to doxorubicln. In addition. several compounds displayed better cytotoxicity than that of doxorubicin. In addition, several compounds displayed better cytotoxicity than that of doxorubicin. Structure-activity relationship study was perfomed to be indicated that [2.2':6',2']terpyidine skeleton is important to show strong xytotoxicity. Significant topoxicity. Significant topoisomerase I inhibitory activity was not observed for prepared compounds.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.432-434
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• 1999

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate cytotoxicity of several herbicides (Bentazone, Butachlor. Paraquat and Ethalfluralin) in cultured mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Tetrazolium (MTT), neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB) of the colorimetric assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity on cell organelles. 2 x 10$^4$cell/$m\ell$ of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multidish were cultured. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution (1, 25, 50 or 100 $\mu$M) of each herbicide. After the NIH 3T3 fibroblasts of all groups were cultured in the same condition for 48 hours, MTT, NR and SRB assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity. The light microscopic study was carried out to examine morphological changes of cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The MTT$_{50}$ of Bentazone, Butachlor, Paraquat and Ethalfluralin were 1560.97 $\mu$M, 56.15 $\mu$M, 3138.81 $\mu$M and 1301.82 $\mu$M, respectively. The NR$_{50}$ of Bentazone, Butachlor. Paraquat and Ethalfluralin were 1763.93 $\mu$M, 45.98 $\mu$M, 1030.85 $\mu$M and 1808.29 $\mu$M, respectively. The SRB$_{50}$ of Bentazone, Butachlor. Paraquat and Ethalfluralin were 1913.38 $\mu$M, 65.30 $\mu$M, 1860.73 $\mu$M and 1086.93 $\mu$M, respectively. The morphological changes of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts showed severe degeneration in Butachlor 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M concentrations. These results indicate that Butachlor has high cytotoxicity, Bentazone, Paraquat and Ethalfluralin very weak cytotoxicity against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.lasts.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2002

In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate subfraction of Sophora flavescens Ait.(EASS) on cancer cells using MTT quantitative analysis. The EASS was cytotoxicity from the concentration of 6.25 g/ml to KB, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 cancer cells and the cytotoxicity was significant, (p < 005) increased as the concentrations of EASS were increased, (12.5, 25, 50, 100 g/ml). The IC for KB, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 were 56.58, 65.43, 83.95, and 106.65 g/ml, respectively. Conclusively, the EASS inhabited the growth of cancer cells and the order of potency of cytotoxicity was KB > B16 > HeLa > MCF-7.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the removal efficacy and cytotoxicity of a newly developed calcium hydroxide paste (cleaniCal, Maruchi) using N-2-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a vehicle in comparison with ApexCal (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Calcipex II (Nishika), which use different vehicles such as polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, respectively. Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary premolars with oval-shaped canals were divided into 3 groups and the teeth were filled with one of the pastes. After removal of the paste, micro-computed tomographic (${\mu}$-CT) imaging was obtained to assess the volume of residual paste in the root canal of each tooth. The teeth were then split longitudinally and the area of the paste-coated surface was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The cytotoxicity of each product was assessed using an agar overlay assay. The effect of each vehicle on cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests to detect any significance (p < 0.05). Results: In the ${\mu}$-CT and stereomicroscopic analysis, cleaniCal exhibited less remnants of medicament than ApexCal and Calcipex. cleaniCal showed a higher cytotoxicity than the other pastes in the agar overlay assay. Furthermore, NMP exhibited lower cell viability compared to the other vehicles. Conclusions: cleaniCal showed better removal efficacy compared to the other products. However, clinicians should be aware of the higher cytotoxicity of the NMP-based material and consider its possible adverse effects on periradicular tissue when it is overfilled.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2004

Previously, $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride has been found to lower dopamine content in PC12 cells (Kim et al., 20001). In this study, the effects of $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride on L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Treatment with $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride at concentrations higher than $500\;{\mu}M$ caused cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. In addition, $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride at non-cytotoxic or cytotoxic concentrations significantly enhanced L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity (L-DOPA concentration, $50\;{\mu}M$). Treatment of PC12 cells with $750\;{\mu}M$ $-1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride and $50\;{\mu}M$ L-DOPA, alone or in combination, also induced cell death via a mechanism which exhibited morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation and membrane blebbing. Exposure of PC12 cells to $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride, L-DOPA and $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride plus L-DOPA for 48 h resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24 h. These data indicate that $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$hydrochloride at higher concentration ranges aggravates L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Therefore, it is proposed that the long-term L-DOPA therapeutic patients with $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride could be checked for the adverse symptoms.