• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2006

In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether two oriental medical prescriptions named GSGT and GCPT significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presen+ce of GSGT or GCPT to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed dy measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Also, the effects of GSGT and GCPT on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. (1) GSGT did not affect mucin release without cytotoxicity ; (2) GCPT significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity ; (3) GSGT and GCPT did not affect contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. We suggest that the effects of GCPT and its components should be further investigated and it is of great value to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which have potent expectorant effects on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.133-136
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• 2002

GC-MS data on the volatile oil (CS-oil) of Chrysanthemum sibiricum herbs led to the identification of 2-methoxythioanisol, (+)-camphor, geraniol, citral, thymol, eugenol, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ oxide, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, ${\beta}-eudesmol$, juniper camphor together with an unknown substance using the mass spectral library and literature data. CS-oil exhibited significant cytotoxicities on HL-60 $(IC_{50}\;12.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ cell and mild on HepG-2 cell $(IC_{50}\;102.4\;{\mu}g/ml)$, though the antioxidant ability was found not to be potent $(IC_{50}\;97.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$. However, the component eugenol showed potent antioxidant ability but mild cytotoxicity. Methyleugenol with no phenolic OH showed less potent cytotoxic and antioxidative properties than eugenol suggesting that phenolic OH plays an important role for the cytotoxic and antioxidant abilities. The oil-pretreatment prevented lipid peroxidation induced by bromobenzene in the rat. Therefore, it was demonstrated that CS-oil could be a cytotoxic agent with antioxidant properties.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.541-547
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• 2006

Four alkaloids (1-4), three quinolone alkaloids (5-7), and three flavanoid glucosides (8-10) were isolated from the fruits of Evodia officinalis Dode, and their structures were determined from chemical and spectral data. Compounds, 3, 8, 9 and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Of these compounds, 1-3 and 5-7 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against cultured human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2). Compound 8 showed strong inhibitory effects on DNA topoisomerases I and II (70 and 96% inhibition at a concentration of $20\;{\mu}M$, respectively).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.527-531
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• 2001

Two triterpenoids, 24-methylene-3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic acid (1) and 3-oxo-$9{\beta}$-lanosta-7,22Z,24-trien-26,23-olive (6) were isolated from Abies koreana, together with $\beta$-sitosterol (2), maltol (3), ${\beta}-sitosterol-O-{$\beta}-D-glucoside$ (4), and hexacosylferulate (5). The structures of the compounds were established based on the spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activities of triterpenoids have been evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicities against human lung carcinoma (A549), ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3), malignant melanoma (SK-MEL-2), and colon carcinoma (HCT-15) cell lines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.286-291
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• 1996

Phenolic compounds are prevalent as toxins or environmental pollutants, but they are also widely used as drugs for various purpose including anticancer agent. A novel biphenolic compound, bis(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)methane (GERI-BPO02-A) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus F93 previously, and it has revealed cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cells. Its effective doses that cause 50% inhibition of cell growth in vitro against non-small cell lung cancer cell A549, ovarian cancer cell SK-OV-3, skin cancer cell SK-MEL-2 and central nerve system cancer cell XF498 were 8.24, 10.60, 8.83, $9.85\mug/ml$ respectively. GERI-BPO02-A has also revealed cytotoxicity against P-glycoproteinexpressed human colon cancer cell HCT15 and its multidrug-resistant subline HCT15/CL02, and its cytotoxicity was not affected by P-glycoprotein. We have also tested cytotoxicities of structurally related compounds of GERI-BPO02-A such as diphenylmethane, 1,1-bis(3,4dimethylphenyl)ethane, 2,2-diphenylpropane, 2-benzylpyridine, 3-benzylpyridine, $4,4^I-di-tert-butylphenyl$, bibenzyl, $2,2^I-dimethylbibenzyl$, cis-stilbene, trans-stilbene, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyisulfide, sulfadiazine and sulfisomidine for studying of structure and activity relationship, and from these data we could suppose that hydroxyl group of GERI-BPO02A conducted important role in its cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2007

This study was performed to observe the antioxidative effects, antimutagenic capacity, and cytotoxic activity of the 70% ethanol extract, and fractions, of Agaricus blazei Murill mycelium, using DPPH free radical scavenging ability, the Ames test, and SRB assay, respectively. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate showed the most effective antioxidative capacity according to the $RC_{50}$(73.6 $\mu$g/mL) of the scavenging effect on the DPPH radical. The inhibition rate of both the aqueous fraction and 70% ethanol extract(200 $\mu$g/plate) toward the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain was 94.6%, and it was 89.4% against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG(0.4 $\mu$g/plate). In addition, an identical concentration of the 70% ethanol extract in the TA98 strain, and the ethyl acetate fraction in the TA100 strain, showed inhibition rates of 80.3% and 76.9%, respectively, the highest activities against the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO(0.15 $\mu$g/plate). The cytotoxic effects of the 70% ethanol extract and its fractions increased with increasing sample concentration against human cervical adenocarcinoma(HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7), human stomach adenocarcinoma(AGS), and human lung carcinoma (A549). A 1 mg/mL concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction showed cytotoxicities of 77%, 83.8%, 82.1%, 83.1%, and 92.6% against HeLa, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and A549, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.799-804
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• 1994

In order to study the antitumoral effect of Selaginella tamariscina extract, the cytotoxicities to human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) and lymphocyte were measured by MTT method. The water extract of Selaginella tamariscina showed the effective cytoxicity and increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicine, cyclophosphamide on U937, but it has no effect on the cytotoxicity of lymphocyte. The cytotoxicity increased with the addition of other antineplastic agents but decreased with the combination of antineoplastic agent and Selaginella tamariscina in the lymphocyte. The results indicted that the side actions of retinoic acid, doxorubicine and cyclophosphamide decreased by addition of Selaginella tamariscina water extracts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.558-563
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analyze the cytotoxic effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and propyl gallate (PG) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. Here we measured the inhibition level of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and elucidated the relationships between GJIC and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as ERK, JNK, and p38. The cytotoxicities of BHT and PG appeared at concentrations of 1.0mM and 0.25mM, respectively, in the WB-F344 cells; and GJIC inhibition, which was analyzed by a scrape-loading/dye transfer assay and Western blotting analysis, appeared at 0.6mM for BHT and 0.1mM for PG, respectively. Also, the phosphorylations of Cx43, ERK, JNK, and p38 increased in dose-dependent manners. This suggests that BHT and PG treatments inhibited GJIC by the phosphorylation of MAPKs prior to cell damage.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

The current investigation was carried out to find out the anticancer activity of the methanol extract from Buplerum falcatum against cancered ICR mouse and cancer cell lines such as J774A.1 and L1210 cells. Extract of Buplerum falcatum displayed the considerable augmentation(134%) of the survival of ICR mouse bearing Sarcoma 180 cancer. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of Buplerum falcatum against J774A.1 cells and L1210 cells were found to show $IC_{50}$ values of $57.3\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $54.6\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In contrast to such cytotoxicity against cancer cells, the extract exerted only meagre toxicity against normal lymphocytes. The increased generation of $O_2^-$ and the considerably increased activities of super-oxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) of both J774A.1 cells and L1210 cells in the presence of Buplerum falcatum extract implied that the observed cytotoxicities may have resulted from the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species(ROS) evoked by Buplerum falcatum extract on the cancer cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2011

The cell permeability and cytotoxic effects of different-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were investigated using a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line called Caco-2. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that three zinc oxides with different mean particle sizes (ZnO-1, 20 nm; ZnO-2, 90~200 nm; ZnO-3, $1\sim5\;{\mu}m$) tended to aggregate, particularly in the case of ZnO-1. When cytotoxicities of all three sizes of zinc oxide particles were measured at concentration ranges of $1\sim1000\;{\mu}g$/mL, significant decreases in cell viability were observed at concentrations of $50\;{\mu}g$/mL and higher. Among the three zinc oxides, ZnO-1 showed the lowest viability at $50\;{\mu}g$/mL in Caco-2 cells, followed by ZnO-2 and ZnO-3. The permeate concentration of ZnO-1 from the apical to the basolateral side in the Caco-2 model system after four hours was about three-fold higher than that of either ZnO-2 or ZnO-3. These results demonstrated that ZnO-1, with a 20 nm mean particle size, had poorer viability and better permeability in Caco-2 cells than ZnO-2 and ZnO-3.