• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2000

To search CDK4/Cyclin D1 enzyme inhibition materials, methanol extracts of native eighty seven plant species in thirty seven families were screened in vitro for their inhibiting activities against CDK4/Cyclin D1 enzyme which are control to the normal cell division cycle in human body. Extracts of Paeonia suffruticosa, Saurus chinensis, Sanguisorba officinalis and Celastrus orbiculatus among them significantly inhibited above fifty percent $(in\;5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ against CDK4/ Cyclin D1 enzyme. Especially, the extracts of P. suffruticosa and S. officinalis showed moderately strong inhibition. Also, cryptotanshinone was identified as active compound from a extracts of Salvia mitiorrhiza by spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR experiments.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2013

The thyroid is the organ that has the greatest risk of malignant tumors among the endocrine tumors. The papillary carcinoma occupies 80% of the entire thyroid tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of galectin-3 has usually been used in differentiating papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. The p53 gene of the cell cycle is a tumor suppressor gene acting in on the control points. The cyclin D1 genes in the cell cycle, involved in the implementation of G1 and S phase, plays an important role in the progression of thyroid tumors. This research compares and analyzes correlation between papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, p53, cyclin D1 and galectin-3 gene expression patterns. In a total of 30 cases from papillary carcinoma, 21 cases from p53 (70%), 27 cases in galectin-3 (90%), and 26 cases in cyclin D1 (86.7%) showed positive rate. The galectin-3 staining investigated, showed a significant difference between a papillary carcinoma and a follicular carcinoma. Follicular carcinoma from 15 cases, p53 in 13 cases (86.7%), galectin-3 in 5 cases (33.3%) and cyclin D1 in 12 cases (80%) showed a positive rate. The cyclin D1 in follicular carcinoma and staining between the p53 that had correlation was also investigated. In this study, as the examples of the expression of the 27 cases of galectin-3 (90%) in papillary carcinoma and 5 cases in follicular carcinoma (33.3%) indicate, it was concluded that there is a difference in the expression on both carcinoma. In addition, cyclin D1 and p53 has a positive rate in follicular carcinoma, when cyclin D1 in 12 cases (80%), there was a significant correlation that was investigated. Distinguishing between papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma can be identified by the expression of galectin-3. It is considered to get results that are more accurate in follicular carcinoma diagnosis depending on whether the cyclin D1 and p53 is expressed or not.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2002

To evaluate the correlations between the expression of cyclin B1 mRNA and protein after stimulation and oocyte activation and development of nuclear transferred mouse embryos, this study was performed. The oocyte activation was induced by 7% ethanol or 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ Ca-ionophore without (single) or with (combined) 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ cycloheximide (CH). Cyclin B1 mRNA and protein in mouse oocytes was evaluated by PCR and western blot. The activation and blastocyst development in both single (P<0.05) and combined (P<0.01) stimulation was higher than in non-activated group. The cyclin B1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in both single and combined stimulation groups (P<0.05), respectively. Cyclin B1 mRNA expression showed a negative correlation between activation and blastocyst development in both single and combined stimulation groups. And also the expression of cyclin B1 protein showed a negative correlation with between oocyte activation and blastocysts development in both single and combined stimulation groups. In conclusion, it may suggest that single and combined stimulation increases the oocyte activation and blastocyst development of nuclear transferred embryos, because it induces the degradation of cyclin B1 mRNA and protein after activation in enucleated mouse oocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.324-330
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• 2017

Objectives: There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. Results: Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.419-422
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• 2013

Conventional classifications of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) are rather unsatisfactory because of the variation in survival within each subgroup. Molecular markers are being found able to predict patient outcome in more and more tumours. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of the proteins cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 in GEP-NETs and assess any prognostic impact. Tumor specimens from 68 patients with a complete follow-up were studied immunohistochemically for cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 expression. High cyclin D1 and cyclin E immunostaining (${\geq}$ 5% positive nuclei) was found in 48 (71%) and 24 (35%) cases, and high P53 staining (${\geq}$ 10% positive nuclei) in 33 (49%). High expression of P53 was more common in gastric neuroendocrine tumors and related to malignant behavior, being associate with a worse prognosis on univariate analysis (RR=1.9, 95%CI=1.1-3.2). High expression of cyclin E was significantly associated with shorter survival in the univariate analysis (RR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.6) and multivariate analysis (RR=2.1, 95%CI=1.1-4.0). We found no significant correlation between the expression of cyclin D1 and any clinicopathological variables. Our study indicated a prognostic relevance for cyclin E and P53 immunoreactivity. Cyclin E may be an independent prognostic factor from the 2010 WHO Classification which should be evaluated in further studies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

The expression patterns of cyclin genes, which play a crucial role on cell cycle control, were analyzed with rice calli and leaf blades from seedlings. When callus was transferred from media containing the combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin under the dark conditions to medium supplemented with cytokinin-only on 7 days after the cultures, the expression levels of A-, B- and C-type cyclins from callus were increased significantly. Despite the fact that cyclin genes were well expressed on leaf blades rather than other organs in rice seedlings, rice leaf blades grown on the medium containing various combinations and concentrations of cytokinin for 24 hours had no major effect on the expression patterns of cyclins except zeatin. The relation between cytokinin regulation and the expression of cyclins of rice is discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1425-1430
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• 2012

Cyclin L2 is a novel member of the cyclin family, recently implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression and/or transcriptional regulation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of overexpression on tumor cell growth and chemosensitivity in human gastric cells in vitro. Cyclin L2 was transfected into human gastric cancer cell line BCG823 and expressed with a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The effects and mechanisms of cyclin L2 on cell growth, cell cycling and apoptosis were studied. Compared to control vectors, overexpression of cyclin L2 inhibited the growth of BCG823 cells and enhance their chemosensitivity to fluorouracil, docetaxel and cisplatin. The anti-proliferative effects of cyclin L2 could be due to G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cyclin L2 induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis involved upregulation of caspase-3 and down regulation Bcl-2 and survivin. The results indicated that overexpression of cyclin L2 protein may promote efficient growth inhibition and enhance chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in human gastric cancer cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2015

Naringenin (NAR) as one of the flavonoids observed in grapefruit has been reported to exhibit an anti-cancer activity. However, more detailed mechanism by which NAR exerts anti-cancer properties still remains unanswered. Thus, in this study, we have shown that NAR down-regulates the level of cyclin D1 in human colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480. NAR inhibited the cell proliferation in HCT116 and SW480 cells and decreased the level of cyclin D1 protein. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 blocked NAR-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in the cells treated with NAR. In addition, NAR increased the phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at threonine-286 and a point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine blocked cyclin D1 downregulation by NAR. p38 inactivation attenuated cyclin D1 downregulation by NAR. From these results, we suggest that NAR-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation may result from proteasomal degradation through p38 activation. The current study provides new mechanistic link between NAR, cyclin D1 downregulation and cell growth in human colorectal cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity and potential molecular mechanism of 70% ethanol extracts of the Berchemia floribunda (BF) which belongs to Rhamnaceae against human colorectal cancer cells. The treatment of BF decreased the cell proliferation in HCT116 cell and suppressed cellular accumulation of Cyclin D1 protein. Inhibition of proteasomal activity by MG132 attenuated BF-mediated Cyclin D1 downregulation and Cyclin D1 was decreased in the cell treated with BF. These findings indicates that BF-mediated Cyclin D1 downregulation may be result from Cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation. Additionally, BF-mediated Cyclin D1 degradation was blocked in the presence of LiCl, a GSK3β inhibitor, but not PD98059, SP600125, SB203580, Bay11-7082, LY294002 an ERK1/2 inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, p38 inhibitor, IκK inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor. Furthermore, BF phosphorylated Cyclin D1 at threonine-286 (Thr286), and LiCl-induced GSK3β inhibition reduced the BF mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at Thr286. These results suggested that BF may downregulate Cyclin D1 expression as a potential anti-cancer target through GSK3β dependent Cyclin D1 degradation. Therefore, this study provides that the extract of BF has anticancer activity against human colorectal cancer cells.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 2008

D-class cyclins play important roles in controlling the cell cycle in development and in response to external signals by forming the regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. To evaluate the effects of D-class cyclins in transgenic rice plants, Arabidopsis cyclin D2 gene (CycD2) was linked to the maize ubiquitin1 promoter (Ubi1) and introduced into rice by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and Western blot hybridizations of the Ubi1:-CycD2 plants revealed copy number of transgene and its increased expression in leaf and callus cells at messenger RNA (mRNA) and/or protein levels. The H1 kinase assay using the immunoprecipitates of protein extracts from the Ubi1:CycD2 plants and nontransgenic controls demonstrated that the introduced Arabidopsis CycD2 forms a functional CycD2/CDK complex with an unidentified CDK of rice. Shoot and root growth was enhanced in the Ubi1:CycD2 seedlings compared with nontransgenic controls, together, suggesting that Arabidopsis cyclin D2 interacts with a rice cyclin-dependent kinase, consequently enhancing seedling growth.