• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.24-45
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a survey of security and privacy preserving issues in M2M communications in Cyber-Physical Systems. First, we discuss the security challenges in M2M communications in wireless networks of Cyber-Physical Systems and outline the constraints, attack issues, and a set of challenges that need to be addressed for building secure Cyber-Physical Systems. Then, a secure architecture suitable for Cyber-Physical Systems is proposed to cope with these security issues. Eventually, the corresponding countermeasures to the security issues are discussed from four aspects: access control, intrusion detection, authentication and privacy preserving, respectively. Along the way we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various existing security schemes and further compare and evaluate these schemes from each of these four aspects. We also point out the open research issues in each subarea and conclude with possible future research directions on security in Cyber-Physical Systems. It is believed that once these challenges are surmounted, applications with intrinsic security considerations will become immediately realizable.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2012

A cyber-physical system(CPS) is a collection of cyber and physical components that interact with each other to achieve a particular application. Here, the CPS is emerged the reliability and security problems. Particularly, the defect of reliability in the data/control transmission under the CPS can lead to serious damage. We discuss the reliability and security problem on CPS architecture. Then we would suggest the considerations of cyber security in industrial control systems built with CPS.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2022

과거 물리적 공간에서만 수행되던 작전이 사이버 공간을 포함하는 작전으로 바뀌면서 사이버 공격이 사이버 시스템을 활용한 무기체계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 사이버와 연계한 물리적 무기체계의 영향을 분석하는 도구를 분석하는 것은 의미가 있을 것이다. 한국군은 물리 무기체계의 영향을 분석한 결과가 담긴 미군 JMEM을 확보해 운용하고 있다. JMEM은 재래식 무기체계에만 적용되어 사이버 무기체계의 영향을 분석하는 것은 불가능하다. 이를 위해 물리전의 MOE와 MOP를 기반으로 사이버 무기체계 효율성 분석을 위한 사이버지수를 산출하였다. 또한, 물리 작전에서 무기체계 효과 매뉴얼로 활용되고 있는 JMEM과 연계하여 사이버 공간에서의 전투 결과와 물리 작전의 효과를 비교 분석하여 임무 영향을 판단할 수 있는 프레임워크를 설계 및 시험하였다. 제안된 프레임워크를 입증하기 위해 국내외 군사 매뉴얼과 선행연구를 통해 작전 시나리오를 분석 및 설계하고 자산을 정의하고 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 사이버 임무 효과 값의 감소가 클수록 물리적 작전에 미치는 영향이 커졌다. 다양한 작전에서 사이버 공격으로 인한 물리적 작전의 영향을 예측하는 데 사용할 수 있으며, 전장의 지휘관이 빠른 결정을 내리는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

This paper addresses the control problem of cyber-physical systems under controller attack. A novel discontinuous Lyapunov functionals are employed to fully utilize sampled-data pattern which characteristic is commonly appeared in cyber-physical systems. By considering the limited resource of networks, cyber-attacks on the controller are considered randomly occurring and are described as an attack function which is nonlinear but assumed to be satisfying Lipschitz condition. Novel criteria for designing controller with robustness for cyber-attacks are developed in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, a numerical example is given to prove the usefulness of the proposed method.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2022

기술의 진화와 함께, 사이버 물리 시스템(Cyber Physical System)은 향상되고 있고 이에 따라 새로운 유형의 사이버 공격도 발견되고 있다. 사이버 공격에는 여러 가지 형태가 있으며 모든 사이버 공격은 대상 시스템을 조작하기 위해 이루어진다. 사이버 물리시스템 중 대표적인 시스템이 사이버 물리 전력 시스템, 즉 스마트 그리드이다. 스마트 그리드는 신뢰할 수 있고 안전하며 효율적인 에너지 전송 및 분배를 제공하는 새로운 유형의 전력망이다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 상태 추정과 에너지 분배를 타깃으로 하는 허위 데이터 주입 공격(False Data Injection Attack)으로 잘 알려진 특정 유형의 사이버 공격 구성 방법과 이러한 공격의 방어를 위한 보호 전략과 탐지를 위한 동적 모니터링 기법을 소개한다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2022

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) can solve real problems by utilizing closely connected resources in the cyber world. Most problems arise because the physical world is uncertain and unpredictable. To address this uncertainty, information pouring from numerous devices must be collected in real-time, and each interconnected device must share the information. At this time, CPS must meet timing-related techniques and strict timing constraints that can deliver accurate information within predefined deadlines in order to interact closely beyond simply connecting the cyber and physical worlds. Timing errors in safety-critical systems, such as automobiles, aviation, and medical systems, can lead to catastrophic disasters. In this paper, we classify timing problems into two types: real-time delay and synchronization problems. The results of this study can be used in the entire process of CPS system design, implementation, operation, verification, and maintenance. As a result, it can contribute to securing the safety and reliability of CPS.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2013

Cyber-Physical system(CPS) is characterized by collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities. In CPS, human desire to acquire useful information and control devices anytime and anywhere automatically has increased the necessity of a high reliable system. However, the physical world where CPS is deployed has management complexity and maintenance cost of 'CPS', so that it is impossible to make reliable systems. Thus, this paper presents an 'Autonomic Control System towards High-reliable Cyber-Physical Systems' that comprise 8-steps including 'fault analysis', 'fault event analysis', 'fault modeling', 'fault state interpretation', 'fault strategy decision', 'fault detection', 'diagnosis&reasoning' and 'maneuver execution'. Through these activities, we fascinate to design and implement 'Autonomic control system' than before. As a proof of the approach, we used a ISR(Intelligent Service Robot) for case study. The experimental results show that it achieves to detect a fault event for autonomic control of 'CPS'.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.235-238
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• 2016

With the vision of Internet of Things (IoT), physical world itself is becoming a connected information system on the Internet and cyber world is computing as a physical act to sense and respond to real-world events collaboratively. The systems that tightly interlink the cyber and physical worlds are often referred to as Smart Systems or Cyber-Physical Systems. Smart IoT Clouds aim to provide a cyber-physical infrastructure for utility (pay-as-you-go) computing to easily and rapidly build, modify and provision auto-scale smart systems that continuously monitor and collect data about real-world events and automatically control their environment. Developing specifications for service interoperability is critical to enable to achieve this vision. In this paper, we bring an issue to extend Open Cloud Computing Interface for uniform, interoperable interfaces for Smart IoT Cloud Services to access services and build a smart system through orchestrating the cloud services.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2013

사이버-물리 시스템(Cyber-Physical Systems, CPS)은 다수의 임베디드 시스템과 통신망 그리고 현실세계인 물리 시스템이 서로 밀접하게 연계되어 사용자가 필요로 하는 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 다양한 환경에서 동작하는 사이버-물리 시스템은 그 복잡성이 매우 크기 때문에 문제 발생에 대응하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 본고에서는 최근 IT 융합 연구 분야에서 많은 주목을 받고 있는 사이버-물리시스템(Cyber-Physical System, CPS)의 고신뢰성을 위한 '네트워크 기반 자율제어 CPS의 요소 기술'들에 대하여 알아본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.4242-4268
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• 2014

The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a term describing a broad range of complex, multi-disciplinary, physically-aware next generation engineered system that integrates embedded computing technologies (cyber part) into the physical world. In order to define and understand CPS more precisely, this article presents a detailed survey of the related work, discussing the origin of CPS, the relations to other research fields, prevalent concepts, and practical applications. Further, this article enumerates an extensive set of technical challenges and uses specific applications to elaborate and provide insight into each specific concept. CPS is a very broad research area and therefore has diverse applications spanning different scales. Additionally, the next generation technologies are expected to play an important role on CPS research. All of CPS applications need to be designed considering the cutting-edge technologies, necessary system-level requirements, and overall impact on the real world.