• Title/Summary/Keyword: cutting area

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Cutting force prediction in the ball-end milling process of barious cutting area using Z-map (Z map을 이용한 임의의 절삭영역에서 볼엔드밀의 절삭력예측)

  • 김규만;조필주;김병희;주종남
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 1997
  • In this study, a cutting force in the Ball-end milling process is calculated using Z-map. Z-map can describe any type of cutting area resulting from the previous cutting geometry and cutting condition. Cutting edge of a ball-end mill is divided into infinitesimal cutting edge elements and the position of the ele- ment is projected to the cutter plane normal to the Z axis. Also the cutting area in the cutter plane is obtained by using the Z-map. Comparing this projected position with cutting area, it can be determined whether it engages in the cutting. The cutting force can be calculated by numerical integration of cutting force acting on the engaged cutting edge elements. A series of experiments such as contouring and upward/downward ramp cutting was performed to verify the calculated cutting force.

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The Study on the Cutting Force Prediction in the Ball-End Milling Process at the Random Cutting Area using Z-map (Z-map을 이용한 임의의 절삭영역에서의 볼 엔드밀의 절삭력 예측에 관한 연구)

  • 김규만
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1996.04a
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    • pp.125-129
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    • 1996
  • In this study, a method is proposed for the cutting force prediction of Ball-end milling process using Z-map is proposed. Any types of cutting area generated from previous cutting process can be expressed in z-map data. Cutting edge of a ball-end mill is divided into a set of finite cutting edges and the position of this edge is projected to the cross-section plane normal to the Z-axis. Comparing this projected position with Z-map data of cutting area and determining whether it is in the cutting region, total cutting force can be calculated by means of numerical integration. A series of experiments such as side cutting and upward/downard cutting was performet to verify the simulated cutting force.

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A Study on Soil Environment in Highway Cutting Slope and Adjacent Natural Vegetation Area (고속도로 절토 비탈면과 인접 자연식생지의 토양 환경 비교 분석)

  • Park, Gwan-Soo;Jeon, Gi-Seong;Song, Ho-Kyung;Kim, Nam-Choon;Choi, Jae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to estimate the physical and chemical soil characteristics in highway cutting slope areas. The soil was sampled in cutting area and natural vegetation area that was located in the upper areas of the highway cutting slope. The average total soil depth, bulk density, and soil hardness were bad in the highway cutting slope sites. The sandy loam was the most soil texture in the study area. The concentration of soil organic matter and nitrogen were very low in all highway cutting areas. The concentration of exchangeable cations was similar between the highway cutting slope and the natural vegetation sites in each highway. The soil pH was higher in highway cutting slope areas than in natural vegetation sites. In conclusion, chemical and physical properties of soil were bad in the cutting slope than in the natural vegetation area because of the loss of soil by cutting of slope area and less organic matter input by less vegetation in the highway cutting slope area. We should employ possible method to reduce the loss of soil, and compost and fertilization treatment could help to increase soil nutrient content in the cutting slope area.

Leaf Growth and Forage Yield in Three Cultivars of Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L. ) over Cutting Stages I. Seasonal regrowth and anatomy of leaves (오차드그라스 ( Dactylis glomerata L. ) 품종들의 예취에 따른 엽생장과 수량형성 I. 오차드그라스 품종들의 계절별 엽의 재생과 조직형성)

  • 김훈기;이호진
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 1988
  • A field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the seasonal changes of leaf growth and related characteristics in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Kay and Sumas. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Leaf elongation was increased in a nearly linear phase during first and third cutting stages. It was increased slowly in early 10 days to 15 days after cutting and increased rapidly thereafter during the rest cutting stages. In cultivars, Potomac was showed hlgher leaf elongation than other cultivars during all cutting stages. There was no difference of leaf width within cutting stages, but the leaf width of fall regrowth was narrow. Sumas had relatively short and wide leaves. 2. Leaf dry weight and leaf area in first cutting stage were larger than others. Leaf area was increased rapidly from 15 days after cutting and leaf $we$ was increased rapidly from 20 days over all cutting stages. The increase in leaf area and dry weight were slow down after 30 days. 3. Number of epidermal cells was increased rapidly after cutting and the rate of increase was slow down after 30 days. In a cross section of leaf tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissues. Leaf tissue had a large vacancy at early growth period after harvest and was filled gradually with mesophyll. This result was related to the increase of leaf dry matter.

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Cutting-Pattern and Cutting Characteristics of the Reciprocating Cutter-bar of Combine Harvester(II)- Cutting Characteristics of the Low-Cutting Type and Double Cutting Type Reciprocating Knives- (콤바인 예취장치의 절단특성에 관한 연구(II) -2배형, 2중형 칼날의 절단특성-)

  • 이홍주;김홍윤;홍종호;이성범
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to investigate the cutting mechanism of reciprocating knife of combine harvester. The cutting operation of reciprocating knife with the arrangement of the low-cutting and the double-cutting was demonstrated through cutting pattern diagram which was drawn by computer graphics. Various kinds and dimensions of reciprocating knives were analyzed using the developed program. The results are summarized as follows (1) The low-cutting type reciprocating knife was represented similar cutting characteristics to the standard type, but the maximum stalk-deflection was decreased as 1/2 level of the standard type. And the first ledger plate should be designed shorter than the second ledger plate. (2) The bunching area and the maximum stalk-deflection for the double cutting knife almost were not changed since cutting velocity ratio of 0.6, but the secondary cut were occurred at ratio of 0.8 and increased rapidly over these ratio. (3) The double cutting knife was recommended for the high speed combine, because its bunching area and the maximum stalk-deflection were decreased as 1/2 level of the standard type. (4) In order to maintain the proper cutting mechanism characterized by the bunching area, the maximum stalk-deflection and the secondary cutting length etc., the adequate cutting velocity at forward speed of 0.5㎧ to 1.2㎧ was from 0.3㎧ to 0.96㎧ for the double cutting knives.

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Cutting Force Prediction of Slanted Surface Ball-End Milling Using Cutter Contact Area (절삭영역 해석을 통한 경사면 가공에서의 볼엔드밀 절삭력 예측)

  • 김규만;조필주;황인길;주종남
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 1998
  • Cutting forces in ball-end milling of slanted surfaces are calculated. The cutting area is determined from the Z-map of the surface geometry and current cutter location. The obtained cutting area is projected onto the cutter plane normal to the Z-axis and compared with cutting edge element location. Cutting force is calculated by integration of elemental cutting forces of engaged cutting edge elements. Experiments with various slanted angles were performed to verify the proposed cutting force estimation model. It is shown that the proposed method predicts cutting force effectively for any geometry including sculptured surfaces with cusp marks and surfaces with pockets and holes.

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Location Technique of Cutting Area Used by GPS Augmentation System (GPS보정항법 시스템을 활용한 절개지 위치조사 기법)

  • Kang, Ho-Yun;Kang, In-Joon;Song, Suk-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.629-635
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    • 2009
  • Collapses of cutting area have frequently occurred due to heavy rainfall caused by the recent unusual weather patterns. Collapses of cutting area have the most crucial influence on the damaged property and casualties. Therefore, formulating and preparing an effective measures and control system is urgent. For this reason, in this study, we researched formation investigation method of location-based cutting area for an efficient management of cutting area. We conducted comparative and analytic research on the hand GPS method and DGPS method which is GPS augmentation system, using SBAS signals. The results of the research showed that there was difficult in discerning the accurate shape of cutting area when the existing method was used; however, the detecting the shape of four sides and accurate location was possible when DGPS was used. Consequently, it is possible to establish a preventive measures for cutting area, which considers the condition of the surrounding environment of cutting area because the polygon based management of incision cliff is attainable, apart from the existing control point based approach.

Cutting-Pattern and Cutting Characteristics of the Reciprocating Cutter-bar of Combine Harvester(I) -Cutting Mechanism and Cutting Characteristics of the Standard Type Reciprocating Knife- (콤바인 예취장치의 절단특성에 관한 연구( I ) -절단현상 및 표준형 칼날의 절단특성-)

  • 정창주;이성범;인효석
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to investigate the cutting mechanism of the reciprocating knife of combine harvester. The cutting operation of reciprocating knife was demonstrated through the cutting pattern diagram which was drawn by computer graphics. Various kinds and dimensions of standard-type reciprocating knives were analyzed by the developed program. The results are summarized as follows : (1) For the 50mm standard reciprocating knife, the bunching area and the maximum stalk-deflection were decreased rapidly according to the increase of cutting velocity ratio by 1.0 and decreased very slowly over this ratio. But, the secondary cut was occurred at ratio of 1.0 and increased rapidly over this ratio. (2) The 76mm standard knife showed better cutting mechanism than the 50mm, in two respects : the larger cutting area per one stroke and the lower revolutional speed of crank shaft for the same cutting velocity. (3) In respect to the bunching area and the secondary cutting length, the adequate height of 50mm standard reciprocating knife was 45~50mm. (4) In order to maintain the proper cutting mechanism, the adequate cutting velocity at forward speed of 0.5㎧ to 1.2m/s was from 0.4m/s to 1.2m/s for the standard knife.

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A Study on Five-Axis Roughing of Impeller with Ruled Surface (룰드 곡면으로 된 임펠러의 5축 황삭 가공에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Dong-Kyu;Lim, Ki-Nam;Yang, Gyun-Eui
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.24 no.7 s.196
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    • pp.60-68
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents an efficient 5-axis roughing method for centrifugal impeller. The efficient roughing is minimization of cutting time through minimizing tool tilting and rotating motions. To minimized cutting time, machining area is divided into sub-cutting regions using control points on hub curves and shroud curves of blade used to design and analyze centrifugal impeller. For sub-cutting regions, diameters of cutting tools are determined as big as possible. Then, tool paths are generated with the tilting axis and rotating axis of 5-axis machine limited and fixed, which can give more efficient machining speed and machining stability than the conventional methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more efficient than the conventional methods to mill with the only one cutting tool without dividing area and the previous methods to mill with simultaneous 5-axis processing with dividing area.

Leaf Growth and Forage Yield in Three Cultivars of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) over Cutting Stages Ⅰ. Seasonal regrowth and anatomy of leaves (오차드그라스(Dactylis glomerata L.)品種들의 刈取에 따른 葉生長과 收量形成 Ⅰ. 오차드그라스 品種들의 季節別 葉의 再生과 組織形成)

  • Kim, Hoon-Kee;Lee, Ho-Jin
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 1988
  • A field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the seasonal changes of leaf grwoth and related characteristics in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Kay and Sumas. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Leaf elongation was increased in a nearly linear phase during first and third cutting stages. It was increased slowly in early 10 days to 15 days after cutting and increased rapidly there-after during the rest cutting stages. In cultivars, Potomac was showed higher leaf elongation than other cultivars during all cutting stages. There was no difference of leaf width within cutting stages, but the leaf width of fall regrwoth was narrow. Sumas had relatively short and wide leaves. 2. Leaf dry weight and leaf area in first cutting stage were larger than others. Leaf area was increased rapidly form 15 days after cutting and leaf weight was increased rapidly from 20 days over all cutting stages. The increase in leaf area and dry weight were slow down after 30 days. 3. Number of epidermal cells was increased rapidly after cutting and the rate of increase was slow down after 30 days. In a cross section of leaf tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissues. Leaf tissue had a large vacancy at early growth period after harvest and was filled gradually with mesophyll. This result was related to the increase of leaf dry matter.

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