• Title/Summary/Keyword: cut-to-length

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Factors Affecting Performance of Rotary Impact-Type Threshers for Sesame and Perilla Harvesting

  • Pang, Yeoun Gyu;Kim, Sang Hun;Jun, Hyeon-Jong
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance factors of a rotary impact-type thresher to develop a sesame and perilla thresher, specifically to analyze the cut length of the stems and the threshing rates based on the relationship between the blade velocity and feeding speed. Methods: The materials were dried within a range of 12.3-13.0% to test the impact cut by bending. The cut lengths of the perilla and sesame stems were categorized in 6 ranges (~7.0, 7.1-10.0, 10.1-13.0, 13.1-16.0, 16.1-20.0, 20.1- (cm)). For testing the cut length and threshing rate, the upward-rotating blade velocity was varied as 11.0 m/s, 13.5 m/s, and 22.3 m/s. Feeding speeds were changed from 0.1 m/s to 2.2 m/s by the inverter connected to the feed motor. The feed rate and threshing rates without cover-casing were evaluated with the factors of thresher testing. Results: The mean cut length of the stem decreased as the blade velocity increased and/or the feeding speed decreased. As the feed rate increased up to 17.5 g/s, the cut length distributions showed no significant difference. The threshing rate was 98.9% for sesame, and flexible according to the blade velocity and feeding speed of the perilla. Conclusion: Feeding material too fast could produce longer cut stem segments, therefore, a feeding speed less than 2.2 m/s is recommended. A blade velocity of 13.5 m/s is preferable for both sesame and perilla with regard to cut length and threshing rate.

A Study on Change in the Length of Knit Flare Skirt through Mechanical Properties (역학적 특성에 따른 니트 플레어 스커트의 길이 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Ki, Hee-Sook;Suh, Mi-A
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.472-483
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of knit samples' mechanical properties on changes of skirt length of knit flared skirt, and to compare it to the knitting method of a seamless knitted flare skirt. So, I compared the appearance and 3-dimensional shape of a seamless knitted flare skirt with those of a fully cut knit flared skirt. For this study, 18 kinds of cut and sew or seamless knitted test garment were made. The data analysis methods used in this study were descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results are as follows: The result of the evaluation of knit samples' mechanical properties by the KES-FB system showed that elongation decreased as gauge increased and course direction was greatest among grain directions. The length change after wearing the knitted flare skirts appeared wholly equal to the seamless knitted, compared with the cut and sew. The change was biggest at $180^{\circ}$, 7G of the cut and sew. In grain direction, bias cut showed more than 1.2cm of length change. As the weight and thickness increased, the length changes become larger. The regression analysis indicated that the greatest contributive variables on the length changes were elongation, weight, and thickness.

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Effects of the Moisture Contents of Cut Tobaccos on Loose End of Cigarettes (각초 수분이 궐련의 끝빠짐에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang Burm-Ho;Jung Han-Ju;Ahn Dae-Jin;Kim Yong-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2005
  • In this work, we studied the effects of the moisture contents of cut tobacco on loose end of cigarettes. The loose end of the cigarette groups decreased with the increase of moisture contents of the cut tobacco and especially the loose end of A and C groups decreased to $31\%\;and\;52\%$ with the increase of $1\%$ moisture contents. $A-13.5\%\;and\;B-14.0\%\;and\; C-14.0\%$ moisture samples showed the increase of the weight ratio of cut tobacco over 1.4mm cut length but the decrease under 1.4mm cut length. We concluded that the main reasons were regarded to reduction of small fragment tobaccos caused by increase of moisture contents and exception of air-suction transport of tobaccos to cigarette making machine. In spite of the moisture increase of cut tobaccos under fixed EPD(encapsulated pressure drop), the hardness of Band C sample groups were maintained constantly except A group. This result means that under fixed EPD, the weight of cut tobacco in cigarette rods increases to compensate the reduction of pressure drop by moisture increase of cut tobaccos.

Determination of Cutting Orientation in Zigzag Milling Operationa: A Geometrical Approach;

  • Kim, Byeong Keuk;Park, Joon Young;Wee, Nam-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.186-194
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    • 1997
  • This paper describes new methods to minimize the cutting time in zigzag milling operation of two dimensional polygonal surfaces. Previous works have been focused on mainly experimental approaches by considering some machining parameters such as, spindle speed, depth of cut, cutter traverse rate, cutter diameter, number of teeth, tool wear, life of tool, and so on. However, in this study, we considered two geometrical factors one by one in order to see the effect separately, which are the length of cut and the number of cutter traverse. In an N-sided concave or convex polygon, an algorithm has been developed which minimize the total length of cut. Also, a heuristic approach was used to minimize the number of cutter traverse.

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Influence of the Objectionable Stems on the Physical Characteristics during the Cigarette Combustion (부적합 엽맥편이 궐련의 연소중 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Soo-Ho;Park Won-Jin;Kim Jong-Yeol;Rhee Moon-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2006
  • In order to improve the final product quality, tobacco industry has gradually decreased the size and number of steams in the cigarette. Especially, steams bigger than $3{\times}3$ mm($length{\times}thickness$) and $2{\times}10$ mm($width{\times}length$) are not acceptable in the process as objectionable stems. A total number of 12 samples where the $length{\times}tickness$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($3{\times}3$ mm) with 1 mm up to $1{\times}1$ mm, and the $width{\times}length$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($2{\times}10$ mm) with 2 mm up to $2{\times}6$ mm for the stems in leaf and stems in expanded cut-tobacco were prepared to apply a fire ball drop test using stems. In addition, cigarettes were produced for these stems in order to analyze the forced fire ball drop including the burning, encapsulation and unencapsulation pressure drop and a single or unspecified direction combustion. Based on the results of the test, it was evident that the fire ball drop in the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a lower level than that of the stems in leaf. Also, the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a larger swelling and higher burning for a single direction than that of the stem in leaf. In addition, it was considered that the management criteria for objectionable stems should be changed as $3{\times}3$ mm and $2{\times}8$ mm for the $length{\times}thickness$ and $width{\times}length$ sample, respectively, in both steams in leaf and expanded cut-tobacco.

Analysis of hair design formative factors in the women's one length hair style in the Imperial Japanese colonial period (일제 강점기 여성 단발의 헤어디자인 조형적 요소 분석)

  • Park, Jang-Soon
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.10
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    • pp.479-484
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    • 2018
  • This study is an attempt to analyze the changes and morphological analysis of the one length hair style of women in the Imperial Japanese colonial period, and the purpose of this study is to analyze the components of hair design such as shape, texture, and color based on the precedent and the book and to make possible various styles of one length hair style cut. From the results of this study, one length hair style showed the outline shape with no step height of cut length, natural hair texture and natural hair color in 1910s to 1920s. In the 1930s, the one length hair style showed a slight cut length step height and a slight discoloration using a diamond shape, a narrow wave of natural texture, hydrogen peroxide or oxygenated water. In the 1940s, one length hair style did not find any singularity to pursue brilliant beauty(美) in terms of form, texture, and color. This study may enable a deep and detailed follow up study on one length hair style, and will be a cornerstone for the development of basic data of hair beauty education and trend of new mode.

Performance Comparison of Butterfly Joints between Manual Member and Pre-cut Member (수가공 및 기계가공 된 나비장 접합부의 성능 비교)

  • Kim, Gwang-Chul;Kim, Jun-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.165-174
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    • 2016
  • To modularize the joints of Hanok, the bending strengths of butterfly joints between pre-cut and manual member were compared. Structural size joints were manufactured and the length, width and thickness of each tenon were produced with different sizes. The ultimate load of pre-cut members was 2 times higher than that of manual members. Degree of anchorage for the joints on pre-cut member was also superior to that of manual member. By the F-test results, a great influence between ultimate load and sizes of tenon was found. In result of multiple regression analysis, the length and thickness of tenon were showed proportion relationships with the ultimate load, but the width of tenon was showed inverse proportion with the ultimate load. The results of this study can be used to identify the relationships among the major influence factors. Futhermore, it might be used as basic data for modularization the joints of Hanok.

A study ell the residual stress in rail by the web saw-cut method (복부절단법에 의한 레일의 잔류응력에 관한 연구)

  • 서정원;구병춘;정우현
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 1999.11a
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    • pp.234-241
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    • 1999
  • Rails have residual stresses produced during manufacturing processes. The residual stresses play all important role on brittle fracture, fatigue strength and derailment by producing cracks in the web of rail. The web saw-cut test is a technique developed to measure the bulk longitudinal residual stress level. It is a simple mettled to estimate a stress intensity factor, $_{4}$ for a web crack by using the radii of curvature of the upper and lower portions of a cut rail. But according to this method, $_{4}$ varies along the rail length because the curvatures along tile rail length vary In this paper, tile residual stress was estimated by Finite Element Method and tile web saw-cut method. In addition tile variation of the residual stress with time was investigated.

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The Visual Evaluation According to the Changes in the Shoulder Strap and length of Bikini Swimsuits - Focused on the Undergraduate Students in Busan - (비키니 수영복의 어깨 끈과 길이 변화에 따른 시각적 평가 - 부산지역 대학생을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Jeong-Mee
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of the visual image on variations in the shoulder strap and the length of the bikini swimsuit. Nine samples were examined: 3 variations of the shoulder strap and 3 variations of the pants length. Data have been obtained from 90 fashion design majors and analyzed using Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The visual image, according to changes in the shoulder strap and length of the bikini swimsuit, was composed of boldness, matureness and attraction factors. Boldness was the most important factor in the bikini swimsuit. 2) The visual images according to changes in the shoulder strap of the bikini swimsuits appeared the most (1) plain and simple image, (2) decent and neat image, (3) a wanted-not-to-dress and a natural image in the two shoulder straps, (1) unique and complicated image, (2) a lively and sexy image in the one shoulder strap and an unnatural but a wanted-to-dress image in the strapless. 3) The visual images according to changes in length of the bikini swimsuits appeared the most (1) unique and complicated image, (2) a lively and sexy image in high cut, but plain and simple image in low cut. 4) The number of shoulder straps and length do interact with each other in boldness factor: One shoulder strap and high cut of the bikini swimsuit has the most unique and complicated image. However two shoulder straps and regular cut of that has the most plain and simple image. 5) The result of matureness and attraction factors using the MCA, length affects more than the number of shoulder straps in the visual images of the bikini swimsuit.

Relationship between body size traits and carcass traits with primal cuts yields in Hanwoo steers

  • Seo, Hyun-Woo;Ba, Hoa Van;Seong, Pil-Nam;Kim, Yun-Seok;Kang, Sun-Moon;Seol, Kuk-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Hyoung;Moon, Sung-Sil;Choi, Yong-Min;Cho, Soohyun
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2021
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty-one beef carcasses were classified for conformation and primal cut weight. Additionally, carcass weight, fat thickness, carcass dimensions, and longissimus muscle area were determined to complement the grading. Results: The average live weight and cold carcass weight were 759 and 469 kg, respectively. The mean carcass meat, fat, and bone proportions were 551, 298, and 151 g/kg, respectively. Primal cuts weights showed significant positive correlations (p<0.001) of 0.42 to 0.82 with live weight, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area and a significant negative correlation with carcass fat (without shank, -0.38 to -0.10). Primal cut weights were positively correlated (p<0.01) with carcass length (0.41 to 0.77), forequarter length (0.33 to 0.57), 6th lumbar vertebrae-heel length (0.33 to 0.59), 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth (0.35 to 0.58), 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth (0.36 to 0.65), 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth (0.38 to 0.63), and coxae girth (0.34 to 0.56) and non-significantly related to cervical vertebrae length and coxae thickness. Conclusion: There was a high correlation among live weight, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, carcass length, 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth, 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth of the primal cuts yield. The correlation between fat and primal cut yields was highly significant and negative. Carcass length and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth, appear to be the most important traits affecting primal cut yields.