• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the muscle architectural parameters of abdominal muscles in healthy individuals by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) and to investigate their changes after bridging exercise in various environments. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 40 healthy participants (19 men, 21 women). Subjects were randomly allocated to a stable surface group (SG, n=20) or an unstable surface group (UG, n=20). The participants assumed three positions in rest, bridging exercise with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$, and bridging exercise with knee flexion $90^{\circ}$ for the measurement of abdominal muscle thickness by RUSI. For the resting position, the participants held the head neutral in a hook-lying position and the dominant side was measured. For contraction, the participants performed the bridging exercise with the knee joint in $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ of flexion for 10 seconds each. Results: For transversus abdominis, external oblique muscle thickness, within the stable surface group and the unstable surface group, no significant contraction difference was observed in both the $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ bridge exercise conditions. Contraction difference of internal oblique muscle was significantly larger at $90^{\circ}$ than at $60^{\circ}$ within the SG (p<0.05). But within the UG, no significant contraction difference was shown. There was no significant contraction difference between the surface group and the unstable SG at $60^{\circ}$ condition and at $90^{\circ}$ condition in all measured muscles. Conclusions: The contraction difference is different for each muscle during bridge exercise with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ and bridging exercise with knee flexion $90^{\circ}$. Muscle contraction difference is generally large when exercised on an unstable surface than a stable surface, but these are not statistically significant when bridging exercise is performed using dynamic air cushion for unstable surface.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2001

최근 교통상항은 교통량의 급격한 증가와 차종의 다양성에 그 특성이 있다. 우리나라에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 W형 보를 사용한 가드레일은 $14ton-60Km/h-15^{\circ}$ 의 충돌조건에 대하여 구조물의 강성이 충분치 못한 반면에, 보다 현실적인 충돌속도에 대하여 소형차의 탑승자 안전을 충족시키지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 대형차에 대응하기 위하여 구조물의 강성을 증가시키는 일과 소형차에 대하여 탑승자의 안전을 도모(에너지 소산)해야하는 두 가지의 서로 상반된 목표를 달성하기 위하여, 두께 3.2mm의 강판을 이용한 보의 고무로 만든 충격 흡수재를 이용한 트라이-빔 가드레일 시스템을 고안하여 정적 실내실험, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 실차 충돌실험을 통하여 거동 및 성능을 조사하였다. 2%의 무게증가로 기존의 W형 보에 비하여 보의 높이가 약 100mm 증가된 트라이-빔(450mm)가드레일 시스템은 범퍼 높이가 다른 다양한 차종에 보다 좋은 수용능력을 보였고 강성과 충격흡수 능력 또한 W-보 가드레일 시스템에 비하여 크게 향상되었다. 그리고 실차 충돌실험을 실시한 결과 NCHRP 350의 Test 3-10 충돌시 성능 요건을 만족시켰다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

Purpose: Anatomically, the foot is provided with insufficient blood supply and is relatively vulnerable to venous congestion compared to other parts of the body. Soft tissue defects are more difficult to manage and palliative treatments can cause hyperkeratosis or ulcer formation, which subsequently requires repeated surgeries. For weight bearing area such as the heel, not only is it important to provide wound coverage but also to restore the protective senses. In these cases, application of flaps for hind foot reconstruction is widely recognized as an effective treatment. In this study, we report the cases of soft tissue reconstruction for which various types of flaps were used to produce good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects. Methods: Data from 37 cases of hind foot operation utilizing flaps performed between from June 2000 to June 2008 were analyzed. Results: Burn related factors were the most common cause of defects, accounting for 19 cases. In addition, chronic ulceration was responsible for 8 cases and so forth. Types of flaps used for the operations, listed in descending order are radial forearm free flap (18), medial plantar island flap (6), rotation flap (5), sural island flap (3), anterolateral thigh free flap (2), lattisimus dorsi muscular flap (2), and contra lateral medial plantar free flap (1). 37 cases were successful, but 8 cases required skin graft due to partial necrosis in small areas. Conclusion : Hind foot reconstruction surgeries that utilize flaps are advantageous in protecting the internal structure, restoring functions, and achieving proper contour aesthetically. Generally, medial plantar skin is preferred because of the anatomical characteristics of the foot (e.g. fibrous septa, soft tissue for cushion). However alternative methods must be applied for defects larger than medial plantar skin and cases in which injuries exist in the flap donor / recipient site (scars in the vicinity of the wound, combined vascular injury). We used various types of flaps including radial forearm neurosensory free flap in order to reconstruct hind foot defects, and report good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects.

• 감성과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2010

자동차 시트의 만족도 평가방법은 디자인을 평가하는 방법에서부터 출발하여 완충시스템과 재료를 평가하는 기계적 방법을 지나 인간의 주관적인 감정을 평가하는 현재까지 이르렀다. 국외에서는 지난 10여 년간 자동차 시트의 만족도 평가를 위한 수많은 연구가 진행 되었고, 2006년에 설문지에 기반을 둔 통계적으로 신뢰할 만한 평가방법이 만들어져 외국에서 널리 사용되고 있다(Baba 등, 2008). 그러나 우리나라에서는 아직까지 이 방법이 활용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Smith 등 (2006)의 연구방법을 중심으로 기존 연구를 분석하여 한국인에 적합한 평가 설문지를 새로 개발하였다. 6명의 자동차회사 및 시트 전문회사의 전문가들의 의견을 반영하여 기존연구에서 감성평가 항목이 중복되어 있거나 우리나라에는 적합하지 않는 항목은 제외시키고 유사한 항목들은 통합 하여 36개의 평가항목을 새로 개발하였다. 이들 항목은 유사성을 고려하여 대분류, 중분류, 소분류로 분류하였다. 36개 평가항목은 중요도가 다르기 때문에 계층화분석법(AHP)을 사용하여 평가 항목의 중요도를 결정하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 자동차 시트 만족도 설문지는 우리나라에서 생산되는 자동차 시트의 주관적 감성 평가에 널리 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

인축독성 및 잔효성이 낮아 환경친화적인 Petroleum spray oil (PSO, D-C-Tron $Plus^{(R)}$, Caltex Oil Co.) 를 감귤나무에 살포하여 조팝나무진딧물, 이세리아깍지벌레 및 귤애가루깍지벌레에 대한 약효를 검토하였다. 0.33% PSO 의 조팝나무진딧물에 대한 방제가는 처리후 6 일까지는 90% 이상이었으나, 처리 9 일 및 14 일후에는 80% 정도로 대조약제 (furathiocarb, thiamethoxam) 보다 낮았다. PSO (0.33, 0.66, 1 %) 살포후 5 주까지의 이세리아깍지벌레에 대한 방제가는 50% 미만으로 대조약제 (메치온) 보다 크게 낮았으나, 귤애가루깍지벌레에 대한 방제가는 1% PSO 살포시는 95% 로 높았고 0.33% 및 0.66% 살포시에도 $50{\sim}80%$ 를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 약해를 고려하여 0.5% 이하의 농도를 살포할 경우, PSO 는 조팝나무진딧물의 방제는 물론 이세리아 및 애가루깍지벌레의 밀도경감 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2019

Among the many packaging materials used in cushion packaging, there is a lack of optimum design for the tray cup pad used in fruit packaging for export and domestic distribution. It causes over-packaging due to excessive material input, and this could be solved by applying various parameters needed to optimize the design of the tray cup pad considering the packaging material and the quantity of fruits in the box. In the case of a tray cup for fruits, the economic efficiency of material and thickness should be considered. Therefore, it is possible to design a tray cup pad depending on the packaging material used by applying appropriate design parameters. The static and dynamic characteristics of the materials used for packaging of pears were analyzed by using the FEM (finite element Method) simulation technique to derive the optimal design parameters. And by applying the appropriate design parameters considering the quantity of fruit and distribution environment, it is possible to design an appropriate fruit tray cup pad. In this study, as a result of simulating the contact stresses between the fruit and the tray cup for the PP, PE, and PS materials used in the fruit tray cup, the material with the lowest contact stress was PP and the value was found to be 398 Pa. The contact displacement between fruit and tray cup using this material was about 0.0463 mm, which was the lowest value compared with other materials. Also the resonance frequency band of tray cup made of PP material was below 36.81 Hz, and the strain energy was below 12.20 J. The resonant frequency band of the pear is more than 80 Hz and it could be applied to all the tray cup materials as compared with the resonance band of 38.81 Hz or less which is the resonance band of all tray cup pads for packaging. Finally, PP is the most suitable material for the tray cup pad.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2009

This experiment was carried out to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of 40 crossbred young bulls ($Zebu{\times}European$) finished in a feedlot under two roughage sources (Bermuda grass hay or sorghum silage) with or without the addition of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). The bulls were 20 months old, their initial average weight was 356 kg and they were allocated into four groups of ten animals. The experimental diets were Bermuda grass, Bermuda grass+yeast, sorghum silage and sorghum silage +yeast. Animal performance and carcass characteristics were not influenced by roughage source or yeast addition. The average daily weight gain was 1.50 kg, dry matter intake (DMI) was 11.1 kg/d, DMI as percentage of liveweight was 2.60% and feed dry matter conversion was 7.70. The mean dressing percentage was 52.0% and hot carcass weight was 268 kg. Carcass conformation was classified between good-minus to good. Carcass length (137 cm), leg length (72.9 cm) and cushion thickness (26.6 cm) were not influenced by treatments. The average fat thickness was 3.80 mm and the Longissimus muscle area was 66.9 $cm^{2}$. The classification of color, texture and marbling were slightly dark red to red, fine and slight-minus to light-typical, respectively. The mean percentage of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass was 15.5%, 62.3% and 22.5%, respectively. Yeast addition increased ${\gamma}$-linolenic fatty acid (0.15 vs. 0.11%) deposition. Bermuda grass hay increased deposition of ${\alpha}$-linolenic (0.49 vs. 0.41%), arachidonic (2.30 vs. 1.57%), eicosapentaenoic (0.41 vs. 0.29%), docosapentaenoic (0.80 vs. 0.62%), docosahexaenoic (0.11 vs. 0.06%) and n-3 fatty acids, and reduced n-6: n-3 ratio in meat, when compared to sorghum silage treatments. The treatments had no effect on saturated fatty acids (49.5%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (11.8%), n-6 fatty acids (9.87%), n-3 (1.61%) and PUFA:SFA ratio (0.24). Monounsaturated fatty acid levels were higher on sorghum silage (40.7 vs. 37.7%). The addition of yeast caused higher n-6: n-3 ratio (7.28 vs. 5.70) than treatments without yeast.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 1999년도 춘계공동학술대회:정보화시대의 지식경영
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• pp.426-426
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• 1999

;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 사용자의 자세에 따라 실시간으로 제공되는 진동모터에 의해서 촉각 피드백이 구현되는 골반교정 및 자세균형능력 증진을 위한 균형의자(balance chair)를 개발하고 그 유효성을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MC Nylon을 이용하여 몸체을 제작하고 사용자 인터페이스를 위한 터치 TFT와 아두이노를 사용한 주 제어모듈, 사용자 자세판별을 위한 9축 가속센서, 촉각피드백을 위한 진동모듈을 내장하고 사용자의 편안한 착석감을 위한 쿠션으로 외부를 둘러싼 균형의자 시제품을 제작하였다. 제작된 시제품을 이용한 자세균형 훈련시스템의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 여성 피험자 10명을 대상으로 척추움직임의 주요근육인 좌우 요장늑근에 대한 근활성도(%MVIC)를 측정하였고 자세균형능력 평가장비인 Spine Balance 3D를 이용하여 훈련 전후의 균형능력을 측정하였다. 균형의자를 통한 운동 및 자세균형 유지 시 진동을 통한 피드백 방법에 의해 사용자의 좌우 요장늑근이 균형적으로 활성화되고 또한 이를 통한 훈련 전후 균형능력이 증진되는 결과를 얻었다. 향후 본 연구는 다양한 자세균형 제품 개발에 기초 연구로 활용 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2003

본 실험은 답압에 의한 스트레스를 경감시킬 목적으로 폐타이어 칩을 한국잔디 식재 토양내 혼합 및 표면 배토시 그 효과를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 일반적으로 잔디는 답압이 진행됨에 따라 잔디 마모와 토양 물리성이 나빠져서 생육은 감소하지만 폐타이어 칩을 토양내에 처리함으로써 토양경도, 표면 경도 등 토양 물리성을 향상시키므로 생육을 향상시킬 수 있었으며, 토양 혼합처리는 가는 입자 20% 처리구에서 좋은 토양 물리성을 보였다. 배토처리시에는 무처리구와 비교시 표면의 높은 온도와 더불어, 피복효과와 마모를 가장 많이 받는 줄기 밑부분을 보호해 줌으로써 잔디 생육을 향상시킬 수 있었으며, 굵은 입자 10cm 처리구에서 표면온도가 높았다. 무기질인 폐타이어 칩을 소량으로 토양 혼합 및 배토처리함으로써 장기적인 효과가 예상되므로 향후 잔디면 조성 및 관리시에 이용할 만한 가능성이 있다고 생각된다.